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trap buffer (0.1 m acetate buffer: 0.2 m sodium acetate solution, 0.2 m acetic acid)  (Millipore)


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    Millipore trap buffer (0.1 m acetate buffer: 0.2 m sodium acetate solution, 0.2 m acetic acid)
    Identification of mature osteoclasts (mOC) on bone slices and quantification of resorbing activity 21 days after onset of the differentiation process. A <t>triple</t> <t>staining</t> for OC markers was applied <t>(TRAP,</t> red; F-actin, green; nuclei: blue; (A) . A cell was classified as mOC when it TRAP-positive and had ≥ 3 nuclei (white arrowheads; all mOC showed an actin ring, (B) , precursor (preOC, round with one or two nuclei, yellow arrowheads, (C) , proOC (spindle-shaped with a single nucleus, red arrowhead, (D) . After microscopy, cells were removed, and resorption pits were visualized by Toluidine blue staining (E) . Semi-quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ and masks to measure the resorbed areas per field of view (F) . Scale bar: 50 µm (A-D) , 100 µm (E, F) .
    Trap Buffer (0.1 M Acetate Buffer: 0.2 M Sodium Acetate Solution, 0.2 M Acetic Acid), supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/trap+buffer+solution/trap+buffer/pmc09116137-88-5-26
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    trap buffer (0.1 m acetate buffer: 0.2 m sodium acetate solution, 0.2 m acetic acid) - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Modulation of Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity of Human (Pre-) Osteoclasts After X-Ray Exposure"

    Article Title: Modulation of Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity of Human (Pre-) Osteoclasts After X-Ray Exposure

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817281

    Identification of mature osteoclasts (mOC) on bone slices and quantification of resorbing activity 21 days after onset of the differentiation process. A triple staining for OC markers was applied (TRAP, red; F-actin, green; nuclei: blue; (A) . A cell was classified as mOC when it TRAP-positive and had ≥ 3 nuclei (white arrowheads; all mOC showed an actin ring, (B) , precursor (preOC, round with one or two nuclei, yellow arrowheads, (C) , proOC (spindle-shaped with a single nucleus, red arrowhead, (D) . After microscopy, cells were removed, and resorption pits were visualized by Toluidine blue staining (E) . Semi-quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ and masks to measure the resorbed areas per field of view (F) . Scale bar: 50 µm (A-D) , 100 µm (E, F) .
    Figure Legend Snippet: Identification of mature osteoclasts (mOC) on bone slices and quantification of resorbing activity 21 days after onset of the differentiation process. A triple staining for OC markers was applied (TRAP, red; F-actin, green; nuclei: blue; (A) . A cell was classified as mOC when it TRAP-positive and had ≥ 3 nuclei (white arrowheads; all mOC showed an actin ring, (B) , precursor (preOC, round with one or two nuclei, yellow arrowheads, (C) , proOC (spindle-shaped with a single nucleus, red arrowhead, (D) . After microscopy, cells were removed, and resorption pits were visualized by Toluidine blue staining (E) . Semi-quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ and masks to measure the resorbed areas per field of view (F) . Scale bar: 50 µm (A-D) , 100 µm (E, F) .

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Staining, Microscopy

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    Incubation:

    Article Title: Osteo-immunological impact of radon spa treatment: due to radon or spa alone? Results from the prospective, thermal bath placebo-controlled RAD-ON02 trial
    Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were fixed with 3.7% PFA (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (15 min at RT). .. Afterwards, cells were incubated with TRAP staining solution [TRAP buffer (0.1 M acetate buffer: 35.2 ml 0.2 M sodium acetate solution, 14.8 ml 0.2 M acetic acid, 50 ml; Millipore, Burlington, USA) mixed with 0.3 M sodium tartrate (pH 5.5), 10 mg/ml naphthol AS-MX phosphate, Triton X-100, 0.3 mg/ml fast red violet LB Salt (all from Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH)] at 37°C for 10 min. After washing, cells were stained with FITC-phalloidin (0.66 μg/ml in PBS, Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH) (25 min in the dark at RT). .. Subsequently, DAPI (1 μg/ml in PBS, BD Biosciences) was added directly and incubated for another 7 min.

    Article Title: A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
    Article Snippet: [ ] Briefly, 5 μm paraffin sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated before being immersed in TRAP staining solution I, consisting of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (S2889‐250G, Millipore Sigma, USA) and 50 mM L‐(+) Tartaric acid (228729‐100G, Millipore Sigma, USA) for 20 min at room temperature. .. Subsequently, an equal volume of TRAP staining solution II was added, which contained 0.5 mg mL −1 naphtol AS‐MX phosphate (N4875‐100MG, Millipore Sigma, USA) and 1.1 mg mL −1 Fast Red TR salt (ab146351, Abcam, USA), and the solution incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. .. After washing with distilled water, the cell nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin solution for 5 mins before mounting with VectaMount AQ Mounting Medium (Vector Laboratories, USA).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Osteo-immunological impact of radon spa treatment: due to radon or spa alone? Results from the prospective, thermal bath placebo-controlled RAD-ON02 trial
    Article Snippet: Briefly, cells were fixed with 3.7% PFA (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) (15 min at RT). .. Afterwards, cells were incubated with TRAP staining solution [TRAP buffer (0.1 M acetate buffer: 35.2 ml 0.2 M sodium acetate solution, 14.8 ml 0.2 M acetic acid, 50 ml; Millipore, Burlington, USA) mixed with 0.3 M sodium tartrate (pH 5.5), 10 mg/ml naphthol AS-MX phosphate, Triton X-100, 0.3 mg/ml fast red violet LB Salt (all from Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH)] at 37°C for 10 min. After washing, cells were stained with FITC-phalloidin (0.66 μg/ml in PBS, Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH) (25 min in the dark at RT). .. Subsequently, DAPI (1 μg/ml in PBS, BD Biosciences) was added directly and incubated for another 7 min.

    Article Title: Oxyresveratrol attenuates bone resorption by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in ovariectomized rats.
    Article Snippet: .. TRAP staining solution was prepared following the manufacturer’s instructions (acid phosphatase kit no. 387; Sigma). .. Stained cells were observed by optical microscopy (Olympus), and images were captured using the attached digital camera (DIXI 3000; Olympus).

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
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    Article Title: Aging Influences Fracture Healing on the Cellular Level and Alters Systemic RANKL and OPG Concentrations in a Murine Model.
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    Article Title: A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
    Article Snippet: [ ] Briefly, 5 μm paraffin sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated before being immersed in TRAP staining solution I, consisting of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer (S2889‐250G, Millipore Sigma, USA) and 50 mM L‐(+) Tartaric acid (228729‐100G, Millipore Sigma, USA) for 20 min at room temperature. .. Subsequently, an equal volume of TRAP staining solution II was added, which contained 0.5 mg mL −1 naphtol AS‐MX phosphate (N4875‐100MG, Millipore Sigma, USA) and 1.1 mg mL −1 Fast Red TR salt (ab146351, Abcam, USA), and the solution incubated for 3 h at 37 °C. .. After washing with distilled water, the cell nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin solution for 5 mins before mounting with VectaMount AQ Mounting Medium (Vector Laboratories, USA).

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection.
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    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
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    Protease Inhibitor:

    Article Title: Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection.
    Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Mouse monoclonal anti-GFP Abiocode Cat# M0802-3a; RRID:AB_2922964 Rabbit polyclonal anti-Luciferase Sigma Cat# L0159; RRID:AB_260379 Rabbit polyclonal anti-RipAC Yu et al.22 N/A Mouse polyclonal anti-OsCESA3 Abmart Cat# ZW053532 Rabbit polyclonal anti-FER This work N/A anti-Mouse IgG-Peroxidase Sigma Cat# A2554; RRID:AB_258008 anti-Rabbit IgG-Peroxidase Sigma Cat# A0545; RRID:AB_257896 Bacterial and virus strains Escherichia coli DH5a Transgen CD501-3 Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 Weidi Bio AC1001 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 Salanoubat et al.66 N/A .. GMI1000OripAC Yu et al.22 N/A Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 ripAC+ Yu et al.22 N/A Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000OhrpG Valls et al.67 N/A Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 GFP Cao et al.68 N/A Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000 EV Macho et al.69 N/A Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins Protease Inhibitor Cocktail for plant cell and tissue extracts, DMSO solution Sigma P9599 GFP-Trap_A Chromotek Cat# gta-100 XenoLight D-Luciferin PerkinElmer Cat# 122799 flg22Pto AbClonal N/A b-Estradiol Sigma E8875-1G Propidium iodide solution Sigma P4864-10ML Oryzalin Sigma 36182-100MG Isoxaben Sigma 36138-100MG BiAux González-Garcı́a et al.43 N/A Critical commercial assays pENTR/D-TOPO Cloning Kit Invitrogen Cat# K240020SP Gateway BP Clonase II Enzyme Mix Invitrogen Cat# 11789100 Gateway LR Clonase II Enzyme Mix Invitrogen Cat# 11791100 ClonExpress II One Step Cloning Kit Vazyme Cat# C112-01 Experimental models: Organisms/strains Arabidopsis: 35S:RipAC-GFP (AC#3 and AC #31) Yu et al.22 N/A Arabidopsis: Col-0 N/A N/A Arabidopsis: csi1-5 Mei et al.35 SALK_051146 Arabidopsis: csi1-4 Mei et al.35 SALK_047252 Arabidopsis: fer-4 Duan et al.70 GABI_GK106A06 Arabidopsis: slr-1 Fukaki et al.44 N/A Arabidopsis: arf7/19 Wilmoth et al.45 N/A Arabidopsis: 3xYFP-CSI1 Worden et al.46 N/A Arabidopsis: GFP Wang et al.71 N/A (Continued on next page) 16 Cell Reports 43, 114179, May 28, 2024 .. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Arabidopsis: pER8-RipAC/3xYFP-CSI1 This study N/A Arabidopsis: pER8-RipAC This study N/A Nicotiana benthamiana N/A N/A Oligonucleotides Primers see Table S1 Ruidi Biotech Custom order Recombinant DNA pENTR/D-TOPO ThermoFisher Cat# K240020 pDONR-Zeo ThermoFisher Cat# 12535035 pGWB-nLUC Wang et al.71 N/A pGWB-cLUC Yu et al.22 N/A pGWB502-RipAC (no tag) Yu et al.22 N/A pGWB502-CBL-GFP (no tag) Yu et al.22 N/A pER8-RipAC (no tag) This work N/A pCAMBIA1300-AtCSI1-nLUC This work N/A pGWB-RipAC-nLUC Yu et al.22 N/A pGWB-cLUC-RipAC Yu et al.22 N/A pGWB-AtLRR(AT3G20820)-cLUC This work N/A pGBKT7-RipAC This work N/A pGADT7-AtCSI1SID(204–1409 aa) This work N/A pGADT7-SlCSI1SID(193–1392 aa) This work N/A pGADT7-RipAC This work N/A pDONR-Zeo-AtCESA3 This work N/A pGWB-cLUC-AtCESA3 This work N/A Software and algorithms Prism 9 GraphPad Software https://www.graphpad.com/scientific- software/prism/ Scaffold 4.0 Proteome Software http://www.proteomesoftware.com/ products/scaffold/ ImageJ NIH ImageJ https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/

    Cloning:

    Article Title: Cell wall-mediated root development is targeted by a soil-borne bacterial pathogen to promote infection.
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    FLAG-tag:

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
    Article Snippet: .. Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Antibodies The Flag Tag Antibody, mAb, Mouse GenScript Cat#A00187 Anti RNase E Carpousis lab N/A Anti GroEL Abcam Cat#ab90522 Chemicals Ampicillin AppliChem Panreac Cat#A0389 Chloramphenicol Sigma-Aldrich Cat #C0378 Kanamycin sulfate Biological Industries Cat#25389-94-0 Rifampicin Goldbio Cat#R-120-5 GFP-TRAP Chromotek Cat#gta-20 TriReagent Solution Sigma-Aldrich CatT9424 DMSO Sigma Aldrich Cat#D2438 X-Gal Ornat Cat#1758-0300 InstantBlue® Protein Stain Expedeon Cat#ISB1L IPTG Ornat Cat#1758-1400 Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor Takara Cat#2313A Poly-L-lysine Sigma Cat#P8920 Commercial assays Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat#R2060 EZ-ECL Biological Industries Cat#20-500-120 Table 1. (continued) Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Anti‐DYKDDDDK G1 Affinity Resin GenScript Cat# L00432 Turbo DNA-free Kit Ambion Cat#AM1907 Gravity column Bio-Rad Cat#732-1010 RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit Thermo Scientific Cat#K1691 ABsolute qPCR SYBR Green mix Thermo Scientific Cat#AB1158 Software NIS Elements Advanced Research (AR) version 4.5 Nikon N/A GraphPad Prism v6 GraphPad https://www.graphpad.com/ scientific-software/prism/ © The Author(s) The EMBO Journal 15 D ow nloaded from https://w w w .em bopress.org on January 22, 2024 from IP 139.195.227.239. ..

    Reverse Transcription:

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
    Article Snippet: .. Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Antibodies The Flag Tag Antibody, mAb, Mouse GenScript Cat#A00187 Anti RNase E Carpousis lab N/A Anti GroEL Abcam Cat#ab90522 Chemicals Ampicillin AppliChem Panreac Cat#A0389 Chloramphenicol Sigma-Aldrich Cat #C0378 Kanamycin sulfate Biological Industries Cat#25389-94-0 Rifampicin Goldbio Cat#R-120-5 GFP-TRAP Chromotek Cat#gta-20 TriReagent Solution Sigma-Aldrich CatT9424 DMSO Sigma Aldrich Cat#D2438 X-Gal Ornat Cat#1758-0300 InstantBlue® Protein Stain Expedeon Cat#ISB1L IPTG Ornat Cat#1758-1400 Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor Takara Cat#2313A Poly-L-lysine Sigma Cat#P8920 Commercial assays Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat#R2060 EZ-ECL Biological Industries Cat#20-500-120 Table 1. (continued) Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Anti‐DYKDDDDK G1 Affinity Resin GenScript Cat# L00432 Turbo DNA-free Kit Ambion Cat#AM1907 Gravity column Bio-Rad Cat#732-1010 RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit Thermo Scientific Cat#K1691 ABsolute qPCR SYBR Green mix Thermo Scientific Cat#AB1158 Software NIS Elements Advanced Research (AR) version 4.5 Nikon N/A GraphPad Prism v6 GraphPad https://www.graphpad.com/ scientific-software/prism/ © The Author(s) The EMBO Journal 15 D ow nloaded from https://w w w .em bopress.org on January 22, 2024 from IP 139.195.227.239. ..

    Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
    Article Snippet: .. Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Antibodies The Flag Tag Antibody, mAb, Mouse GenScript Cat#A00187 Anti RNase E Carpousis lab N/A Anti GroEL Abcam Cat#ab90522 Chemicals Ampicillin AppliChem Panreac Cat#A0389 Chloramphenicol Sigma-Aldrich Cat #C0378 Kanamycin sulfate Biological Industries Cat#25389-94-0 Rifampicin Goldbio Cat#R-120-5 GFP-TRAP Chromotek Cat#gta-20 TriReagent Solution Sigma-Aldrich CatT9424 DMSO Sigma Aldrich Cat#D2438 X-Gal Ornat Cat#1758-0300 InstantBlue® Protein Stain Expedeon Cat#ISB1L IPTG Ornat Cat#1758-1400 Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor Takara Cat#2313A Poly-L-lysine Sigma Cat#P8920 Commercial assays Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat#R2060 EZ-ECL Biological Industries Cat#20-500-120 Table 1. (continued) Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Anti‐DYKDDDDK G1 Affinity Resin GenScript Cat# L00432 Turbo DNA-free Kit Ambion Cat#AM1907 Gravity column Bio-Rad Cat#732-1010 RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit Thermo Scientific Cat#K1691 ABsolute qPCR SYBR Green mix Thermo Scientific Cat#AB1158 Software NIS Elements Advanced Research (AR) version 4.5 Nikon N/A GraphPad Prism v6 GraphPad https://www.graphpad.com/ scientific-software/prism/ © The Author(s) The EMBO Journal 15 D ow nloaded from https://w w w .em bopress.org on January 22, 2024 from IP 139.195.227.239. ..

    SYBR Green Assay:

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
    Article Snippet: .. Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Antibodies The Flag Tag Antibody, mAb, Mouse GenScript Cat#A00187 Anti RNase E Carpousis lab N/A Anti GroEL Abcam Cat#ab90522 Chemicals Ampicillin AppliChem Panreac Cat#A0389 Chloramphenicol Sigma-Aldrich Cat #C0378 Kanamycin sulfate Biological Industries Cat#25389-94-0 Rifampicin Goldbio Cat#R-120-5 GFP-TRAP Chromotek Cat#gta-20 TriReagent Solution Sigma-Aldrich CatT9424 DMSO Sigma Aldrich Cat#D2438 X-Gal Ornat Cat#1758-0300 InstantBlue® Protein Stain Expedeon Cat#ISB1L IPTG Ornat Cat#1758-1400 Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor Takara Cat#2313A Poly-L-lysine Sigma Cat#P8920 Commercial assays Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat#R2060 EZ-ECL Biological Industries Cat#20-500-120 Table 1. (continued) Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Anti‐DYKDDDDK G1 Affinity Resin GenScript Cat# L00432 Turbo DNA-free Kit Ambion Cat#AM1907 Gravity column Bio-Rad Cat#732-1010 RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit Thermo Scientific Cat#K1691 ABsolute qPCR SYBR Green mix Thermo Scientific Cat#AB1158 Software NIS Elements Advanced Research (AR) version 4.5 Nikon N/A GraphPad Prism v6 GraphPad https://www.graphpad.com/ scientific-software/prism/ © The Author(s) The EMBO Journal 15 D ow nloaded from https://w w w .em bopress.org on January 22, 2024 from IP 139.195.227.239. ..

    Software:

    Article Title: MinD-RNase E interplay controls localization of polar mRNAs in E. coli.
    Article Snippet: .. Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Antibodies The Flag Tag Antibody, mAb, Mouse GenScript Cat#A00187 Anti RNase E Carpousis lab N/A Anti GroEL Abcam Cat#ab90522 Chemicals Ampicillin AppliChem Panreac Cat#A0389 Chloramphenicol Sigma-Aldrich Cat #C0378 Kanamycin sulfate Biological Industries Cat#25389-94-0 Rifampicin Goldbio Cat#R-120-5 GFP-TRAP Chromotek Cat#gta-20 TriReagent Solution Sigma-Aldrich CatT9424 DMSO Sigma Aldrich Cat#D2438 X-Gal Ornat Cat#1758-0300 InstantBlue® Protein Stain Expedeon Cat#ISB1L IPTG Ornat Cat#1758-1400 Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor Takara Cat#2313A Poly-L-lysine Sigma Cat#P8920 Commercial assays Direct-zol RNA Miniprep Kit Zymo Research Cat#R2060 EZ-ECL Biological Industries Cat#20-500-120 Table 1. (continued) Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number Anti‐DYKDDDDK G1 Affinity Resin GenScript Cat# L00432 Turbo DNA-free Kit Ambion Cat#AM1907 Gravity column Bio-Rad Cat#732-1010 RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit Thermo Scientific Cat#K1691 ABsolute qPCR SYBR Green mix Thermo Scientific Cat#AB1158 Software NIS Elements Advanced Research (AR) version 4.5 Nikon N/A GraphPad Prism v6 GraphPad https://www.graphpad.com/ scientific-software/prism/ © The Author(s) The EMBO Journal 15 D ow nloaded from https://w w w .em bopress.org on January 22, 2024 from IP 139.195.227.239. ..



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    Identification of mature osteoclasts (mOC) on bone slices and quantification of resorbing activity 21 days after onset of the differentiation process. A triple staining for OC markers was applied (TRAP, red; F-actin, green; nuclei: blue; (A) . A cell was classified as mOC when it TRAP-positive and had ≥ 3 nuclei (white arrowheads; all mOC showed an actin ring, (B) , precursor (preOC, round with one or two nuclei, yellow arrowheads, (C) , proOC (spindle-shaped with a single nucleus, red arrowhead, (D) . After microscopy, cells were removed, and resorption pits were visualized by Toluidine blue staining (E) . Semi-quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ and masks to measure the resorbed areas per field of view (F) . Scale bar: 50 µm (A-D) , 100 µm (E, F) .

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: Modulation of Differentiation and Bone Resorbing Activity of Human (Pre-) Osteoclasts After X-Ray Exposure

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817281

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of mature osteoclasts (mOC) on bone slices and quantification of resorbing activity 21 days after onset of the differentiation process. A triple staining for OC markers was applied (TRAP, red; F-actin, green; nuclei: blue; (A) . A cell was classified as mOC when it TRAP-positive and had ≥ 3 nuclei (white arrowheads; all mOC showed an actin ring, (B) , precursor (preOC, round with one or two nuclei, yellow arrowheads, (C) , proOC (spindle-shaped with a single nucleus, red arrowhead, (D) . After microscopy, cells were removed, and resorption pits were visualized by Toluidine blue staining (E) . Semi-quantitative image analysis was performed using ImageJ and masks to measure the resorbed areas per field of view (F) . Scale bar: 50 µm (A-D) , 100 µm (E, F) .

    Article Snippet: The staining solution consists of TRAP buffer (0.1 M acetate buffer: 35.2 ml 0.2 M Sodium Acetate solution, 14.8 ml 0.2 M acetic acid, 50 ml; Millipore, Burlington, USA) mixed with 0.3 M Sodium Tartrate (pH 5.5), 10 mg/ml Naphthol AS-MX phosphate, Triton X-100, 0.3 mg/ml Fast Red Violet LB Salt (all from Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Staining, Microscopy