Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
Article Title: RNA–RNA interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and miR-26 and miR-27 are associated with regulation of cell cycle and antiviral immunity
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae116
Figure Lengend Snippet: Pseudogenes and lncRNAs are HC miRNA targets and nuclear localisation of AGO2-miR-27 suggests potential roles in transcriptional gene regulation. ( A ) Enrichment of HC target sites in regulatory regions compared to non-filtered target sites. Target sites were filtered to remove sites overlapping 3′UTRs and CDS. Shown are the mean ± SD for three Mock and four RSV CLEAR-CLIP replicates combined. Red asterisks indicate significant enrichment; One Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 multiple comparisons test. Due to low number of target sites in some of the categories, Mock and RSV samples were analysed together for more statistical power, * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, **** P ≤ 0.0001. ‘Overlapping’ indicates regulatory regions overlapping other genome annotations (pseudogenes (PSG), lncRNAs, introns, and other). (B ) Genome browser view of the genomic location of top miR-27 regulatory target overlapping a PSG, showing the conservation using PhyloP100, features of the genomic locus, total RNA-seq coverage in Mock and RSV-infected samples ( n = 3), as well as miRNA target sites coverage in Mock and RSV-infected CLEAR-CLIP samples. ( C ) RT-qPCR results for Malat1, RPL30, ZFAND5, ZFAND5 PSG lncRNA and miR-27a (left to right) levels in cytoplasmic (cyto) and nuclear (nuc) fractions in Mock and RSV-infected cells. Data is shown as mean ± SD for two biological replicates. ( D ) Western blot analysis of AGO2 protein levels in subcellular fractions showing whole cell lysate (WCL), cytoplasmic (cyto), and nuclear (nuc) fractions for Mock and RSV-infected cells. α-Tubulin and Calreticulin were used as cytoplasmic markers and Histone H3 as nuclear marker. ( E ) Quantification of AGO2 protein levels in (D). Data is shown as mean ± SD for four biological replicates and normalised to WCL Mock. ( F ) Western blot analysis of cellular fractionation of naïve A549 showing cytoplasmic fraction as well as the soluble and insoluble nuclear fractions. α-Tubulin and Calreticulin were used as cytoplasmic markers and Histone H3 as nuclear marker associated with chromatin. ( G ) RT-qPCR results of PSG lncRNA expression after treatment with 5 nM GapmeR targeting PSG lncRNA (anti-PSG lncRNA) or control. Shown are three biological replicates with mean ± SD. Significance was tested with unpaired two-tailed t -test (* P ≤ 0.05). ( H ) Western blot analysis of CEACAM1 after treatment with anti-PSG lncRNA GapmeR, siRNAs against ZFAND5 (siZFAND5) and CEACAM1 (siCEACAM1) and controls compared to β-Actin loading control. ( I ) Quantification of CEACAM1 protein levels from (H) corrected for β-Actin and normalised to Untreated control. Shown are two biological replicates with mean ± SD. Significance was tested with One Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 multiple comparisons test.
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study: AGO2 (1:1500, clone C34C6, Cell signalling, 2897), α-Tubulin (1:2000, Cusabio, CSB-PA004344), β-Actin (1:1000, Cell signalling, 4967), Calreticulin (1:2000, Cell signalling, 2891), CEACAM1 (1:20000, Abcam, ab235598), Histone H3 (1:2000, Cell signalling, 4499), ZFAND5 (1:1000, Sigma, HPA018129).
Techniques: RNA Sequencing Assay, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Marker, Cell Fractionation, Expressing, Two Tailed Test