fluorescent s aureus atcc 49230 strain  (ATCC)

Journal: Comparative Immunology Reports

Article Title: The synthetic peptide GATR-3 shows significant antibacterial and biofilm-inhibition activity against shellfish- and oyster-associated bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

doi: 10.1016/j.cirep.2025.200266

Figure Lengend Snippet: EC 50 results for Vibrio strains against GATR-3, LL-37-NH 2 , and Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides. Vibrio vulnificus MO6 EC 50 results against A. GATR-3, B. LL-37-NH 2 , and C. Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides. Vibrio vulnificus JY1701 EC 50 results against D. GATR-3, E. LL-37-NH 2 , and F. Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides. Vibrio parahaemolyticus NY477 EC 50 results against G. GATR-3, H. LL-37-NH 2 , and I. Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides. Vibrio parahaemolyticus SAK11 EC 50 results against J. GATR-3, K. LL-37-NH 2 , and L. Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides. Escherichia coli EC 50 results against M. GATR-3, N. LL-37-NH 2 , and O. Mastoparan-AF-NH 2 peptides.

Article Snippet: Against the control strain E. coli ATCC 25922, GATR-3 was extremely potent, with an EC50 of 4.44 × 10−5 μM (1.27 × 10−4 μg/mL), confirming its broad-spectrum and potent efficacy.

Techniques:

Journal: Comparative Immunology Reports

Article Title: The synthetic peptide GATR-3 shows significant antibacterial and biofilm-inhibition activity against shellfish- and oyster-associated bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

doi: 10.1016/j.cirep.2025.200266

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biofilm Formation of Vibrio isolates and E. coli . Quantitative comparison of biofilm formation among Vibrio isolates and E. coli after 24 h incubation. Biofilm biomass was determined by crystal violet staining and measurement of OD₆₀₀. V. vulnificus MO6 and V. parahaemolyticus NY477 exhibited the highest biofilm-forming capacities.

Article Snippet: Against the control strain E. coli ATCC 25922, GATR-3 was extremely potent, with an EC50 of 4.44 × 10−5 μM (1.27 × 10−4 μg/mL), confirming its broad-spectrum and potent efficacy.

Techniques: Comparison, Incubation, Staining

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on planktonic S mutans . (A) Growth inhibition rate (%) of S mutans cells after THC treatment. THC concentrations of 2 μg/mL and above inhibited 90% of S mutans cell growth. The experiment was performed in triplicate and repeated 3 times. AMP, ampicillin. (B) The pH of the culture medium of planktonic growing S mutans in Brain Heart Infusion with increasing concentrations of THC. The experiment was repeated 3 times but no triplicates. ** P < .01, **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol on S mutans biofilm formation. (A, B) The crystal violet staining was used to detect the biomass of the S mutans biofilm. (C) The live/dead assay was used to determine the viability of the S mutans biofilm. Relative fluorescent units indicate the value of each treatment group normalized to the solvent control. Those results were determined by the TECAN Spark. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and repeated 3 times. **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Staining, Live Dead Assay, Solvent, Control

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibited S mutans biofilm formation, and viability was examined by immunofluorescence. Each experiment was performed twice, and representative images were used. Pie charts show the proportions of integrated fluorescence intensity (IntDen, analyzed with ImageJ) corresponding to PI (red), SYTO 9 (green), and Cascade Blue Dextran (blue) signals. Scale bars represent 20 µm.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the preformed S mutans biofilm. (A, B) The crystal violet staining was used to detect the biomass of the S mutans biofilm. (C-F) The live/dead assay was used to determine the viability of the S mutans biofilm after 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours of treatment. (G) The methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the metabolic activity of the S mutans biofilm. (H, I) The timeline of the live cells and dead cells after THC treatment for 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours. Those results were determined by the TECAN Spark. Each experiment was performed 3 times in triplicate. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Staining, Live Dead Assay, MTT Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on the preformed S mutans biofilm viability. Biofilms were photographed under a fluorescence microscope after live/dead staining. The live cells are shown in green, and the dead cells in red. The figure shows a merged color of green and red, evaluating the viability of S mutans biofilm. At the 1-hour, 3-hour, and 6-hour time points, compared with the methanol group, the biofilm was more yellow and even red in the THC groups, and as the THC concentration increased, the color of the biofilm became redder, indicating a dose-dependent change. In the different concentration groups, as time increased, the color of the biofilm became increasingly red from 1 to 6 hours, while there was no obvious change in the methanol group, illustrating a time-dependent change. In the 24-hour group, the color of the biofilms in the THC groups was not as red as at 6 hours, consistent with the TECAN results. As shown in Figure 4H-I, the live cells increased, and the dead cells did not change much, suggesting that the effect of THC gradually diminished over 6 to 24 hours. Each experiment was performed twice, and representative images were used. Pie charts show the proportions of integrated fluorescence intensity (IntDen, analyzed with ImageJ) corresponding to PI (red) and SYTO 9 (green) signals. Scale bars represent 20 µm.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Concentration Assay

Journal: International Dental Journal

Article Title: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Tetrahydrocannabinol on Streptococcus mutans and Its Anticariogenic Potential

doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2025.109386

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on S mutans membrane potential. (A) Performance and validation of negative (black bars) and positive (gray bars) controls for the membrane potential assays performed simultaneously in a 96-well microplate under harmonized conditions (Brain Heart Infusion medium, cellular density OD 600 = 0.03) using S mutans in the absence of cannabinoids. (B) The effect of different concentrations of THC on S mutans after a 5-minute treatment. ** P < .01, **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: The S mutans strain (ATCC 25175) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.

Techniques: Membrane, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the oncolytic effects of mutant jin-3 versus R124 reovirus in bladder cancer cell lines in vitro (A) Mean viral S4Q copy number (log fold change S4Q mRNA expression vs. mock treated cells) in bladder cancer cell lines exposed to a range of MOI (0.01–0.1–1–10) of either R124 or jin-3 reoviruses after 24 h. In red, the highest infection with virus is shown. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 3 (2 replicates). UM-UC-3 cells R124 reovirus MOI1 vs. mock p = 0.0184; ∗∗∗ p < .001, $$$ p < .001, asterisks indicate mock versus reovirus infection, and dollar signs indicate R124 versus jin-3. (B) Viral load (% of viable, single cells expressing Sigma-3 protein) in bladder cancer cell lines exposed to MOI10 of either R124 or jin-3 after 72 h mean (SD) ( N = 3). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. ∗∗∗ p < .001, $$$ p < .001, asterisks indicate mock versus reovirus infection, and dollar signs indicate R124 versus jin-3. (C) Confocal images of viral protein (Sigma-3, green) and DAPI (blue)-stained bladder cancer cells treated with MOI10 of R124 or jin-3 for 72h. Scale bars, 25 μm. (D) Mean percentage of viable cells after exposure to a range of MOI of either R124 or jin-3 for 6 days. n = 3 (6 replicates). p values are depicted (vs. mock; when 2 depicted upper p value is R124 vs. jin-3 ); ∗∗∗ p < .001, $$$ p < .001, asterisks indicate mock versus reovirus infection, and dollar signs indicate R124 versus jin-3. (E) Percentage of single, viable, JAM-A protein expressing cells. Mean (SD), n = 3. MOI = multiplicity of infection.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Mutagenesis, In Vitro, Expressing, Infection, Virus, Staining

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the oncolytic effects of reovirus mutant jin-3 versus wild-type reovirus R124 in 3D cultures in vitro TM00024 bladder PDXOs were exposed to the indicated plaque-forming units (PFUs) of reoviruses for 3 or 7 days. (A) Mean (SD) viral copy number of TM00024 PDXOs treated for 3 days with the indicated PFUs of the reoviruses. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparison ( n = 3) ∗∗∗ p < .001. (B–F) Viability (mean [SD] was measured using cell titer glo 3D after days 3 and 7 of reovirus exposure. N = 3 (3 replicates). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparison. ∗∗∗ p < .001. (C) Confocal images of PDXOs (day 7) stained for respectively H&E, panKRT (red); Sigma-3, c-CASP3, or PCNA (green); and DAPI (blue). Scale bars, 20 μm. Cells expressing the respective proteins Sigma-3 (D), c-CASP-3 (E), and nuclear PCNA (F) were counted with ImageJ and divided by the amount of panKRT+_DAPI+ cells. At least five fields were scored per technical replicate. Mean (SD) of N = 3 (3 replicates). ∗∗∗ p < .001, asterisks indicate reovirus infection versus mock same day. Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparison.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Mutagenesis, In Vitro, Staining, Expressing, Infection

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of jin-3 and R124 reovirus infection in ex vivo cultured tumor tissue Explanted tissue slices from either RT-112 CDX (A–E) or TM00024 PDX (F–J) were exposed to the indicated PFU of R124 or jin-3 reovirus for 3 days. Tissues were stained for H&E, panKRT (red); Sigma-3, c-CASP3 or PCNA (green), type I collagen (white), and DAPI (blue). Representative confocal images are shown. Scale bars, 20 μm. Cells expressing the respective proteins were counted with ImageJ and divided by the number of panKRT+_DAPI+ cells. At least four fields were scored per technical replicate. Mean (SD) of N = 2 (4 replicates). The ratio fragmented tumor cells was measured by the number of fragmented cells/total tumor cells (E and J). ∗∗∗ p < .001, reovirus infection versus mock. Mean (SD), n = 2 (4 replicates). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparison.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Infection, Ex Vivo, Cell Culture, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of jin-3 and R124 reovirus infection in ex vivo cultured tumor tissue slices from human bladder cancer patients Explanted tissue slices from patients ( n = 15) diagnosed with bladder cancer were exposed to either mock, R124, or jin-3 reovirus for 3 days and stained for viral protein, c-CASP-3, PCNA (proliferation), and integrity of the cell (nuclear DAPI and panKRT tumor marker). (A–E) Representative confocal images of the mock and 10 7 PFU condition of both viruses from five patients ranging from low-risk NMIBC to MIBC (viral protein [green, Sigma-3], tumor markers [red, panKRT], and nuclei [DAPI, blue]. Scale bars, 20 μm). Cells expressing the respective proteins [(B) Sigma-3, (C) c-CASP3, or (D) nuclear PCNA] were counted with ImageJ and divided by the number of panKRT+_DAPI+ cells. At least four fields were scored per technical replicate. Mean (SD) (3–4 replicates) with each dot representing one bladder cancer patient. The ratio of fragmented tumor cells was measured by the number of fragmented cells/total tumor cells (E). ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, reovirus infection versus mock, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’ post hoc comparison.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Infection, Ex Vivo, Cell Culture, Staining, Marker, Expressing

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of immune modulation induced by jin-3 and R124 reovirus treatment of bladder cancer cell lines Heat maps of various inflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes (log fold change mRNA expression [2 −ΔΔCt ] vs. mock treated cells) in bladder cancer cell lines UM-UC-3 (A), T24 (B), HT-1197 (C), RT-112 (D), RT-4 (E), TCCSUP (F), J82 (G), and PDXOs (H) exposed to a range of either R124 or jin-3 reoviruses after respectively 24 h (cell lines) and 3 days (PDXOs). p values are depicted (vs. mock; when 2 depicted upper p value is R124 vs. jin-3 ) ∗∗∗ p < .001, $$$ p < .001, asterisks indicate mock versus reovirus infection, and dollar signs indicate R124 versus jin-3.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Expressing, Infection

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of immunogenic cell death induced by jin-3 and R124 reovirus treatment of bladder cancer cell lines (A–C) Cell lines were treated with oncolytic viruses for 48 h at an MOI of 10, and the DAMPs ecto-calreticulin (A) and ecto-HSP90 (B) were measured using flow cytometry. Secreted HMGB1 protein was measured with an ELISA after 48 h of treatment with a dose range of oncolytic viruses (C). ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, $$$ p < 0.001, asterisks indicate reovirus infection versus mock same day, and dollar signs indicate R124 vs. jin-3. Mean (SD), N = 3 (2 replicates). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s posthoc comparison. (D) Correlation graph of the HMGB1 release ( x axis), percentage of viable cells (size of the dots), and fold change of ecto-CRT ( y axis)-positive cells at MOI 10 of the indicated virus.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Comparison, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Virus

Journal: Molecular Therapy Oncology

Article Title: Improved oncolytic and immunostimulatory activity of the spontaneous jin-3 reovirus mutant in preclinical bladder cancer models

doi: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of PBMCs in RT-112 co-cultures (A) Brightfield images of RT-112 bladder cancer cells that were cultured in 60% Matrigel and allowed to form 3D structures for approximately 3 days. Subsequently, PBMCs were added at an effector: target ratio of 20:1 in absence or presence of either R124 or jin-3 reovirus at the indicated PFU for an additional 3 days. (B) Fragmented KRT18 was determined as an outcome measure for tumor cell killing 3 days after OV exposure. (C–E) CXCL10 levels and (D) IFN-γ levels were measured 3 days after OV exposure. ( n = 3, 2 replicates). Mean (SD). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. (E) Heatmap of various inflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes (log fold change mRNA expression [2 −ΔΔCt ] vs. mock treated cells) in 3D cultured RT-112 cells or RT-112 cells co-cultured with PBMCs exposed to either R124 or jin-3 reoviruses. Mean (SD). p values are depicted (vs. mock; when two depicted upper p value is R124 vs. jin-3 ) ∗∗∗ p < .001, $$$ p < .001, asterisks indicate mock versus reovirus infection and dollar signs R124 versus jin-3. , n = 2 (2 replicates). Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc comparison.

Article Snippet: Wild-type T3D reovirus strain R124 was plaque-purified from the wild-type reovirus T3D (ATCC) on HER911 cells., Reovirus mutant jin-3 was isolated from JAM-A-deficient U118MG cells after passaging of the wild-type T3D strain R124.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Comparison, Expressing, Infection