Review




Structured Review

Proteintech keap1
Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of <t>Keap1,</t> Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
Keap1, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 2114 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/keap1/NRF2%2C+NFE2L2+Antibody/pmc12963995-423-12-17
Average 96 stars, based on 2114 article reviews
keap1 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
96/100 stars

Images

1) Product Images from "A multimodal ROS logic-gated therapeutic platform disrupts the vicious cycle of senescence to promote aged bone defect repair"

Article Title: A multimodal ROS logic-gated therapeutic platform disrupts the vicious cycle of senescence to promote aged bone defect repair

Journal: Bioactive Materials

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.002

Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
Figure Legend Snippet: Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Techniques Used: Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining, Activation Assay

Related Articles

Incubation:

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rh4 Triggers Ferroptosis in Lung Cancer: Targeting KEAP1 / NRF2 / HO-1 and Remodeling Gut Microbiota for Butyrate-Mediated ATF3 Activation
Article Snippet: Protein samples were resolved on 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gels (UEIandy, Suzhou, China), transferred to PVDF membrane (Keygen BioTECH, Nanjing, China), and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin. .. Primary antibodies against FTH1 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), GPX4 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), HO-1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), KEAP1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), NRF2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC40A1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC7A11 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), TFRC (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-actin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) were incubated with the membrane at 4 °C overnight. .. Following an hour of room temperature incubation with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), protein bands were identified using a ChemiScope 5300 (Clinx Science Instruments Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rh4 Triggers Ferroptosis in Lung Cancer: Targeting KEAP1 / NRF2 / HO-1 and Remodeling Gut Microbiota for Butyrate-Mediated ATF3 Activation.
Article Snippet: Protein samples were resolved on 10% SDS– polyacrylamide gels (UEIandy, Suzhou, China), transferred to PVDF membrane (Keygen BioTECH, Nanjing, China), and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin. .. Primary antibodies against FTH1 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), GPX4 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), HO-1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), KEAP1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), NRF2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC40A1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC7A11 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), TFRC (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-actin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) were incubated with the membrane at 4 ◦C overnight. .. Following an hour of room temperature incubation with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), protein bands were identified using a ChemiScope 5300 (Clinx Science Instruments Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).

Article Title: Propyl gallate mitigates diabetic liver injury via suppressing SLC7A11/GPX4-mediated hepatic ferroptosis and modulating gut-liver axis.
Article Snippet: .. The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and I-κB (all from Cell Signaling Technology) and β-actin (Proteintech) was used as a loading control. .. After incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Proteintech), signals were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagents and imaged using a multifunctional gel documentation system.

Membrane:

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rh4 Triggers Ferroptosis in Lung Cancer: Targeting KEAP1 / NRF2 / HO-1 and Remodeling Gut Microbiota for Butyrate-Mediated ATF3 Activation
Article Snippet: Protein samples were resolved on 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gels (UEIandy, Suzhou, China), transferred to PVDF membrane (Keygen BioTECH, Nanjing, China), and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin. .. Primary antibodies against FTH1 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), GPX4 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), HO-1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), KEAP1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), NRF2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC40A1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC7A11 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), TFRC (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-actin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) were incubated with the membrane at 4 °C overnight. .. Following an hour of room temperature incubation with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), protein bands were identified using a ChemiScope 5300 (Clinx Science Instruments Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).

Article Title: Ginsenoside Rh4 Triggers Ferroptosis in Lung Cancer: Targeting KEAP1 / NRF2 / HO-1 and Remodeling Gut Microbiota for Butyrate-Mediated ATF3 Activation.
Article Snippet: Protein samples were resolved on 10% SDS– polyacrylamide gels (UEIandy, Suzhou, China), transferred to PVDF membrane (Keygen BioTECH, Nanjing, China), and blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin. .. Primary antibodies against FTH1 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), GPX4 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), HO-1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), KEAP1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), NRF2 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC40A1 (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), SLC7A11 (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), TFRC (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and β-actin (Proteintech, Wuhan, China) were incubated with the membrane at 4 ◦C overnight. .. Following an hour of room temperature incubation with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Proteintech, Wuhan, China), protein bands were identified using a ChemiScope 5300 (Clinx Science Instruments Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).

Western Blot:

Article Title: A multimodal ROS logic-gated therapeutic platform disrupts the vicious cycle of senescence to promote aged bone defect repair
Article Snippet: .. Western blotting was employed to evaluate protein expression of key targets, including Keap1 (Affinity, AF5266; 1:1000), Nrf2 (Proteintech, 16396-1-AP; 1:1000), Nqo1 (Abcam, ab80588; 1:10,000), Gclc (Proteintech, 12601-1-AP; 1:25000) and GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig; 1:50,000). ..

Expressing:

Article Title: A multimodal ROS logic-gated therapeutic platform disrupts the vicious cycle of senescence to promote aged bone defect repair
Article Snippet: .. Western blotting was employed to evaluate protein expression of key targets, including Keap1 (Affinity, AF5266; 1:1000), Nrf2 (Proteintech, 16396-1-AP; 1:1000), Nqo1 (Abcam, ab80588; 1:10,000), Gclc (Proteintech, 12601-1-AP; 1:25000) and GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig; 1:50,000). ..

Blocking Assay:

Article Title: Tubuloside A attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by modulating the NF-κB p50-Nrf2/GPX4 axis to suppress inflammation, oxidative stress and ferroptosis.
Article Snippet: This is a PDF of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability.. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form.. As such, this version is no longer the Accepted Manuscript, but it is not yet the definitive Version of Record; we are providing this early version to give early visibility of the article.

Control:

Article Title: Propyl gallate mitigates diabetic liver injury via suppressing SLC7A11/GPX4-mediated hepatic ferroptosis and modulating gut-liver axis.
Article Snippet: .. The membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, and I-κB (all from Cell Signaling Technology) and β-actin (Proteintech) was used as a loading control. .. After incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Proteintech), signals were visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagents and imaged using a multifunctional gel documentation system.



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Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in breast muscle of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Relative expression level of <t>Keap1</t> mRNA in the four groups; ( B ) relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the four groups; ( C ) relative expression level of GSH-Px mRNA in the four groups; ( D ) relative expression level of CAT mRNA in the four groups; ( E ) relative expression level of SOD mRNA in the four groups. Note: Differences marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant statistical differences ( p < 0.05), and data are presented as means ± SEM ( n = 6).
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Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of <t>Keap1,</t> Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
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Image Search Results


GEP reverses oxidative stress in aging mice via the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway. (A–C) Levels of MDA (A), SOD activity (B), and CAT activity (C) in mouse serum. (D–F) Levels of MDA (D), SOD activity (E), and CAT activity (F) in mouse brain tissues. (G, H) Representative protein bands of the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway in mouse brain tissues (G) and their quantitative analysis (H–K). All experimental data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 6, ns > 0.05, #### p < 0.0001 versus Control group; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 versus Aging group.

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Gastrodia elata Polysaccharide Attenuates Aging by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.72413

Figure Lengend Snippet: GEP reverses oxidative stress in aging mice via the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway. (A–C) Levels of MDA (A), SOD activity (B), and CAT activity (C) in mouse serum. (D–F) Levels of MDA (D), SOD activity (E), and CAT activity (F) in mouse brain tissues. (G, H) Representative protein bands of the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant signaling pathway in mouse brain tissues (G) and their quantitative analysis (H–K). All experimental data are presented as mean ± SD. n = 6, ns > 0.05, #### p < 0.0001 versus Control group; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 versus Aging group.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against Nrf2 (1:400, sc‐365949, Santa Cruz), Keap1 (1:800, A25951 , ABclonal), HO‐1 (1:500, ab13248, Abcam), NQO1 (1:5000, A19586, ABclonal), TLR4 (1:600, Sc‐293072; Santa Cruz), P65 (1:600, Sc‐8008; Santa Cruz), phospho‐P65 (1:600, Sc‐136548, Santa Cruz), and GAPDH (1:10,000, 60004‐1‐Ig, Proteintech).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Analysis, Control

Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in breast muscle of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Relative expression level of Keap1 mRNA in the four groups; ( B ) relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the four groups; ( C ) relative expression level of GSH-Px mRNA in the four groups; ( D ) relative expression level of CAT mRNA in the four groups; ( E ) relative expression level of SOD mRNA in the four groups. Note: Differences marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant statistical differences ( p < 0.05), and data are presented as means ± SEM ( n = 6).

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Effects of Dietary DL-Methionine Supplementation on Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Wenchang Chickens Subjected to Chronic Heat Stress

doi: 10.3390/ani16142164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in breast muscle of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Relative expression level of Keap1 mRNA in the four groups; ( B ) relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the four groups; ( C ) relative expression level of GSH-Px mRNA in the four groups; ( D ) relative expression level of CAT mRNA in the four groups; ( E ) relative expression level of SOD mRNA in the four groups. Note: Differences marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant statistical differences ( p < 0.05), and data are presented as means ± SEM ( n = 6).

Article Snippet: KEAP1 Rabbit pAb , 1:500 , ABclonal (Woburn, MA, USA) , A1820.

Techniques: Expressing

Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in thigh muscles of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Relative expression level of Keap1 mRNA in the four groups; ( B ) relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the four groups; ( C ) relative expression level of GSH-Px mRNA in the four groups; ( D ) relative expression level of CAT mRNA in the four groups; ( E ) relative expression level of SOD mRNA in the four groups. Note: Differences marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant statistical differences ( p < 0.05), and data are presented as means ± SEM ( n = 6).

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Effects of Dietary DL-Methionine Supplementation on Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Wenchang Chickens Subjected to Chronic Heat Stress

doi: 10.3390/ani16142164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of DL-methionine supplementation on relative mRNA expression levels of antioxidant-related genes in thigh muscles of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Relative expression level of Keap1 mRNA in the four groups; ( B ) relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA in the four groups; ( C ) relative expression level of GSH-Px mRNA in the four groups; ( D ) relative expression level of CAT mRNA in the four groups; ( E ) relative expression level of SOD mRNA in the four groups. Note: Differences marked with different lowercase letters indicate significant statistical differences ( p < 0.05), and data are presented as means ± SEM ( n = 6).

Article Snippet: KEAP1 Rabbit pAb , 1:500 , ABclonal (Woburn, MA, USA) , A1820.

Techniques: Expressing, Muscles

Effects of DL-methionine supplementation on Keap1 and Nrf2 protein expression levels in breast muscle of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Representative Western blot images of Keap1 protein in breast muscle samples from Group 1 (control, 0.00%) and 0.20% (Group 3). β-Actin was used as a loading control. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of Keap1 protein expression normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as means ± SD. p < 0.05 vs. Group 1. ( C ) Representative Western blot images of Nrf2 protein in breast muscle samples from Group 1 (control, 0.00%) and 0.20% (Group 3). β-Actin was used as a loading control. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of Nrf2 protein expression normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as means ± SD. p < 0.05 vs. Group 1. Note: * Asterisks in the figure indicate significant differences compared with Group 1 (control group). *: p < 0.05.

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: Effects of Dietary DL-Methionine Supplementation on Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Wenchang Chickens Subjected to Chronic Heat Stress

doi: 10.3390/ani16142164

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of DL-methionine supplementation on Keap1 and Nrf2 protein expression levels in breast muscle of Wenchang chickens under heat stress conditions. ( A ) Representative Western blot images of Keap1 protein in breast muscle samples from Group 1 (control, 0.00%) and 0.20% (Group 3). β-Actin was used as a loading control. ( B ) Quantitative analysis of Keap1 protein expression normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as means ± SD. p < 0.05 vs. Group 1. ( C ) Representative Western blot images of Nrf2 protein in breast muscle samples from Group 1 (control, 0.00%) and 0.20% (Group 3). β-Actin was used as a loading control. ( D ) Quantitative analysis of Nrf2 protein expression normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as means ± SD. p < 0.05 vs. Group 1. Note: * Asterisks in the figure indicate significant differences compared with Group 1 (control group). *: p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: KEAP1 Rabbit pAb , 1:500 , ABclonal (Woburn, MA, USA) , A1820.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A multimodal ROS logic-gated therapeutic platform disrupts the vicious cycle of senescence to promote aged bone defect repair

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptomic and molecular analysis of the potential pathways involved in MMBOx-mediated BMSCs rejuvenation. (A) Circular heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell senescence, inflammation, and osteogenesis in senescent BMSCs treated with MMBOx@GPP compared to GPP. (B) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (C) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs. (D) Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) plots of the glutathione metabolic process (ES: enrichment score; NES: normalized enrichment score; FDR: false discovery rate). (E) Heatmap of DEGs enriched in aging-related GO terms. (F) Western blot analysis of Keap1, Nrf2, Nqo1, Gclc, and GAPDH protein expression in BMSCs. (G) Quantitative analysis of protein band intensities ( n = 3). (H) Representative flow cytometry plots of ThiolTracker™ fluorescence staining indicating intracellular glutathione levels. (I) Quantification of intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio in BMSCs ( n = 3). (J) Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which MMBOx attenuates BMSCs senescence via Nrf2 pathway activation and glutathione metabolism enhancement. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Western blotting was employed to evaluate protein expression of key targets, including Keap1 (Affinity, AF5266; 1:1000), Nrf2 (Proteintech, 16396-1-AP; 1:1000), Nqo1 (Abcam, ab80588; 1:10,000), Gclc (Proteintech, 12601-1-AP; 1:25000) and GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig; 1:50,000).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Staining, Activation Assay