Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Recovery of an 18 th Century Rhinovirus Genome through Ancient RNA Isolation of Human Lungs
doi: 10.64898/2026.01.29.702071
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Amino acid (AA) variation in the historical HRV-A genome. The bottom panel shows AA differences across the CDS between the historical HRV A and any HRV A19 (green lines) and AA positions that are unique to the historical HRV A relative to all HRV A sequences (purple lines). Green line height indicates the proportion of HRV A19 sequences differing at each position. Historical HRV A genome coverage is shown in the background, with coding sequence annotations below. The top panel shows Shannon entropy per AA position (blue). Purple arrows mark the two historical-specific AAs with near-zero entropy (∼0.01). Dashed and dotted red lines denote highly (>2) and moderately (>1) variable positions, respectively. ( B) BETS analyses displaying the log Bayes Factor (Δ MLE ) from BEAST trees including tip dates (heterochronous) and those not including tip dates (isochronous). The Marginal Likelihood Estimates are calculated from BEAST trees utilizing a Generalized Stepping-Stone Sampling analyses. A Δ MLE greater than 3 is sufficient to assume strong temporal signal(44). The 95% HPD of the mean substitution rate and root age are annotated in brackets. ( C) Time-calibrated maximum clade credibility (MCC) BEAST tree under a strict molecular clock and coalescent constant population prior utilizing full-genome sequences of genotypes A22, A82, A94 and A19 (indicated in color). The 95% HPD of each node is shown by the blue horizontal bars and the posteriors for each node are displayed as a number, 0-1. Estimated time (years) is displayed on the x-axis.
Article Snippet: We observed that the coding sequence (CDS) of the historical HRV A genome has the highest nucleotide (86.24%) and amino acid (93.8%) identity to the ATCC reference sequence of HRV A19 (accession: FJ445119.1 ).
Techniques: Sequencing, Sampling