Journal: Toxins
Article Title: PirAB VP Toxin Binds to Epithelial Cells of the Digestive Tract and Produce Pathognomonic AHPND Lesions in Germ-Free Brine Shrimp
doi: 10.3390/toxins11120717
Figure Lengend Snippet: PirAB VP toxins bind to the digestive tract and induce sloughing of epithelial cells in brine shrimp ( Artemia franciscana ) larvae. Immunohistochemistry of brine shrimp ( A. franciscana ) larvae after 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h post PirAB VP toxin challenge. The paraffin sections were treated with anti-his Mab (monoclonal antibody) specific to His-tagged PirAB toxins, then counterstained with haematoxylin. Legend: ( 1 ) Gut cells; ( 2 ) brush border; ( 3 ) gut lumen ( A , B ): 0 h post-challenge; ( C , D ): 12 h post-challenge; ( E , F ): 24 h post-challenge ( G , H ): 36 h post-challenge; ( I , J ): 48 h post-challenge; ( K , L ): 60 h post-challenge. ( C , L ): PirAB VP toxin binds with digestive tract epithelium and induce shedding or sloughing of enterocytes in the midgut and hindgut regions ( arrowhead ). At 48 h and 60 h post-challenge, epithelium was severely damaged and the remaining cellular components including nuclei were further detached into the lumen and showed signs of degeneration such as pyknotic nuclei and lysed cellular membrane ( arrowhead ).
Article Snippet: In the first analysis, the consecutive sections were processed for indirect immunoperoxidase staining using anti-His monoclonal antibody 2D5 (Mab) (Bioss antibodies, USA) specific to His 6 -tagged PirAB VP toxins at 1:1000 dilution, with PBS on each consecutive section.
Techniques: Immunohistochemistry