Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Randomized cross-over trial comparing stress responses amongst undergraduates and surgeons with and without background music during simulated surgery
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02202-9
Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental set-up. Panel ( A ), the monitoring of blood pressure (BP; automated sphygmomanometer), middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCA Vm; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), heart rate (HR; electrocardiography), respiratory frequency and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (R f and P ET CO 2 ; nasal cannula). Panel ( B ), the surgical model with (from left top) suture scissors, suture holder, fine Potts scissors, Castro needle holder, Gerald forceps, head, and neck model with self-retainer within wound, green drapes to cover the handles, and (from bottom left) 5–0 prolene suture packets, artery clip forceps, basic forceps. Panel ( C ), an example of the completed carotid patch-angioplasty procedure using a 5–0 prolene suture to join a bovine pericardial patch (Xenosure) to the model artery (Omniflow).
Article Snippet: Participants were instrumented for continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR) by a lead II electrocardiogram (BioAmp, FE231, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia) and intermittent monitoring of blood pressure by an automated digital sphygmomanometer fixed to the left upper arm (HEM-7121, Omron Healthcare, Kyoto Japan) (Fig. ).
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