calcium chelator bapta am  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Gut Microbiota-Derived Propionic Acid Mediates ApoA-I-Induced Amelioration of MASLD via Activation of GPR43–Ca 2+ –CAMKII–ATGL Hepatic Lipolysis

doi: 10.3390/ijms27010468

Figure Lengend Snippet: PPA promotes activation of CAMKII and ATGL in a Ca 2 ⁺-dependent manner in OA-overloaded HepG2 cells. ( A ) After a 24 h incubation with 500 μM OA or BSA, HepG2 cells were exposed to 0.5 or 1 mM PPA for 48 h. Cytosolic Ca 2+ levels were measured. ( B , C ) Western blot analysis for detecting phosphorylated CAMKII (p-CAMKII) and total CAMKII (t-CAMKII). ( D – F ) HepG2 cells pretreated with OA or BSA for 24 h were co-incubated with PPA (0.5 or 1 mM) in the presence or absence of 10 μM BAPTA. Protein extracts were then assessed for p-CAMKII, t-CAMKII, p-ATGL, and t-ATGL via Western blotting. Groups are denoted by color: control (gray), OA alone (green), OA + PPA (orange), and OA + PPA + BAPTA (lime green). PPA concentrations are as indicated. All groups are labeled on the x-axis. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001; ns represents no significant difference.

Article Snippet: To investigate the role of cytosolic Ca 2 + in the protective effects of PPA on MASLD in vitro, the calcium chelator BAPTA (10 μM; #HY-100168; MCE, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) was used to inhibit intracellular Ca 2 + levels.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Incubation, Western Blot, Control, Labeling