penicillium radicum atcc 201836  (ATCC)

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: A novel GntR-ABC efflux system mediates oxidative stress response, drug resistance, motility and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1748186

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of the operon encoding the GntR-ABC efflux system in A. baumannii ATCC 17978. (A) Schematic representation of the GntR-ABC operon and surrounding gene cluster in the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 genome. Small arrows indicate the oligonucleotides used for RT-PCR analysis. The intergenic region between the AUO97_RS16335 and AUO97_RS16340 (241 bp) corresponds to the putative promoter region. Distances between adjacent protein-coding sequences within the operon are as follows: RS16340-RS16345 , 28 bp; RS16345-RS16350 , 74 bp; RS16350-RS16355 , 19 bp; RS16355-RS16360 , 34 bp; and RS16360-RS16365 , 16 bp. (B) RT-PCR amplifications of the indicated intergenic regions showed (small black arrows). Each primer pair was used in PCR reactions containing cDNA, RNA (negative control), or genomic DNA (positive control) from A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT as templates. V Ladder (NzyTech) was used as the DNA size marker (M). (C) Representative EMSA of purified GntR protein and digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe containing the AUO97_RS16335-RS16340 intergenic region. Competition assays were performed using 10-fold excess of unlabeled specific DNA as competitor.

Article Snippet: The GntR transcriptional regulator gene ( AUO97_RS16340 ) was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT by PCR using gene-specific primers ( ) to generate an N-terminal 6 × His-tagged construct.

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Negative Control, Positive Control, Marker, Purification, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: A novel GntR-ABC efflux system mediates oxidative stress response, drug resistance, motility and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1748186

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of GntR regulator and ABC efflux pump on the A. baumannii survival under oxidative stress and within macrophages. (A) Survival of the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT, knockout mutants and complemented strains following oxidative stress exposure. Bacterial cultures at the stationary growth phase were treated with 30 mM H 2 O 2 for 30 min. Relative survival was determined by viable cell counting. Error bars represent the standard deviation from three independent biological replicates; each performed in triplicate. (B) Relative intracellular survival of the indicated A. baumannii strains within J774A.1 murine macrophages. Values correspond to the average CFU recovered after macrophages infection, normalized to the initial bacterial inoculum. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from four technical replicates across three independent experiments. Asterisks denote statistical significance: p < 0.01 (*), p < 0.001 (**), and p < 0.0001 (***), (ns) indicate non-significant differences.

Article Snippet: The GntR transcriptional regulator gene ( AUO97_RS16340 ) was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT by PCR using gene-specific primers ( ) to generate an N-terminal 6 × His-tagged construct.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Cell Counting, Standard Deviation, Infection

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: A novel GntR-ABC efflux system mediates oxidative stress response, drug resistance, motility and virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1748186

Figure Lengend Snippet: Surface-associated motility of the A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT, GntR and ABC-efflux pump defective mutants. Representative images of motility on modified LB plates of the different strains are shown. WT carrying the empty vector, and complemented strains were also assessed as controls. Motility assays were performed in at least three independent experiments, all yielding reproducible results.

Article Snippet: The GntR transcriptional regulator gene ( AUO97_RS16340 ) was amplified from the chromosomal DNA of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 WT by PCR using gene-specific primers ( ) to generate an N-terminal 6 × His-tagged construct.

Techniques: Modification, Plasmid Preparation