Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism by AdHy@Pae in LPS-induced chondrocytes. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the expression of COL2A1, SOX9, MMP9, and ADAMTS5 in different treatment groups and corresponding (B) quantitative analysis. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3, ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Rat chondrocytes (P1) were seeded in 24-well plates (5 × 10 4 cells per well) and cultured to ∼70–80% confluence, stimulated with LPS (10 μg mL −1 , 12 h) to induce an inflammatory phenotype, and then treated with hydrogel extracts (Hy, AdHy, AdHy@Pae) for 24 h. Cells were washed three times with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (Aladdin, T434386) for 10 min, and blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio, SW3015) at room temperature for 1 h. Primary antibodies were applied overnight at 4 °C: COL2A1 (Proteintech, 28459-1-AP, 1:200), SOX9 (HUABIO, HA723548, 1:1000), MMP9 (HUABIO, ET1704-69, 1:200), and ADAMTS5 (HUABIO, HA722011, 1:100).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression analysis of cartilage-related proteins after treatment with AdHy@Pae. (A) Representative Western blot images showing ECM synthesis–related proteins (COL2A1, ACAN, COMP, and SOX9) and antioxidant markers (NRF2 and HO-1) in different groups. (B) Quantitative analysis of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP13, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS1) and apoptosis-related proteins (BCL-2, Bax, and Caspase-3). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Rat chondrocytes (P1) were seeded in 24-well plates (5 × 10 4 cells per well) and cultured to ∼70–80% confluence, stimulated with LPS (10 μg mL −1 , 12 h) to induce an inflammatory phenotype, and then treated with hydrogel extracts (Hy, AdHy, AdHy@Pae) for 24 h. Cells were washed three times with PBS, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (Aladdin, T434386) for 10 min, and blocked with 5% BSA (Solarbio, SW3015) at room temperature for 1 h. Primary antibodies were applied overnight at 4 °C: COL2A1 (Proteintech, 28459-1-AP, 1:200), SOX9 (HUABIO, HA723548, 1:1000), MMP9 (HUABIO, ET1704-69, 1:200), and ADAMTS5 (HUABIO, HA722011, 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot