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vsmc line a10  (ATCC)


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    ATCC vsmc line a10
    Gin A inhibits HG-induced proliferation of <t>A10</t> cells (A) Structural formula of Gingerenone A (Gin A). (B) Effect of high glucose (HG) on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were incubated with 10-, 15-, 30-, or 50-mM glucose for 24 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (C,D) Effect of Gin A on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were cultured for 24 h in normal medium or HG (30 mM) with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay (C) , and automated cell counting (D) (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (E) Representative PCNA immunofluorescence images of A10 cells cultured under control, HG (30 mM) and HG plus Gin A (10 μM) conditions for 24 h. Staining was repeated in three independent experiments with similar results; images are shown for qualitative illustration only and were not subjected to statistical analysis. (F) PCNA protein levels in A10 cells after 24 h of treatment with control medium, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative western blots and quantification of PCNA expression quantification of PCNA expression (normalized to H3) are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).
    Vsmc Line A10, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1917 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/vsmc line a10/product/ATCC
    Average 97 stars, based on 1917 article reviews
    vsmc line a10 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-03
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling"

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Gin A inhibits HG-induced proliferation of A10 cells (A) Structural formula of Gingerenone A (Gin A). (B) Effect of high glucose (HG) on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were incubated with 10-, 15-, 30-, or 50-mM glucose for 24 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (C,D) Effect of Gin A on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were cultured for 24 h in normal medium or HG (30 mM) with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay (C) , and automated cell counting (D) (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (E) Representative PCNA immunofluorescence images of A10 cells cultured under control, HG (30 mM) and HG plus Gin A (10 μM) conditions for 24 h. Staining was repeated in three independent experiments with similar results; images are shown for qualitative illustration only and were not subjected to statistical analysis. (F) PCNA protein levels in A10 cells after 24 h of treatment with control medium, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative western blots and quantification of PCNA expression quantification of PCNA expression (normalized to H3) are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Gin A inhibits HG-induced proliferation of A10 cells (A) Structural formula of Gingerenone A (Gin A). (B) Effect of high glucose (HG) on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were incubated with 10-, 15-, 30-, or 50-mM glucose for 24 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (C,D) Effect of Gin A on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were cultured for 24 h in normal medium or HG (30 mM) with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay (C) , and automated cell counting (D) (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (E) Representative PCNA immunofluorescence images of A10 cells cultured under control, HG (30 mM) and HG plus Gin A (10 μM) conditions for 24 h. Staining was repeated in three independent experiments with similar results; images are shown for qualitative illustration only and were not subjected to statistical analysis. (F) PCNA protein levels in A10 cells after 24 h of treatment with control medium, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative western blots and quantification of PCNA expression quantification of PCNA expression (normalized to H3) are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Techniques Used: Incubation, MTT Assay, Control, Cell Culture, Cell Counting, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

    Gin A reduces HG-induced migration of A10 cells (A) Representative Transwell images showing A10 cell migration after 24 h of culture under control conditions, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM). (B) Representative wound-healing images at 0 and 24 h for A10 cells treated as in (A) . (C) Effect of Gin A on the increase in the number of migrating cells induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (D) Effect of Gin A on the increased migration distance induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Gin A reduces HG-induced migration of A10 cells (A) Representative Transwell images showing A10 cell migration after 24 h of culture under control conditions, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM). (B) Representative wound-healing images at 0 and 24 h for A10 cells treated as in (A) . (C) Effect of Gin A on the increase in the number of migrating cells induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (D) Effect of Gin A on the increased migration distance induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Techniques Used: Migration, Control

    Gin A attenuates HG-induced oxidative stress in A10 cells (A) Intracellular ROS levels in A10 cells cultured for 24 h in control medium or HG (30 mM) in the absence or presence of Gin A (10 μM). ROS was evaluated by DHE staining and quantitative statistical data (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (B–D) Oxidative stress-related indicators in A10 cells treated with control medium, Gin A alone (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. MDA (B) , T-AOC (C) and SOD activity (D) measured using assay kits (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (E) NOX4 protein expression in A10 cells cultured for 24 h under control, HG or HG plus Gin A conditions. Representative western blots and NOX4/GAPDH ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Gin A attenuates HG-induced oxidative stress in A10 cells (A) Intracellular ROS levels in A10 cells cultured for 24 h in control medium or HG (30 mM) in the absence or presence of Gin A (10 μM). ROS was evaluated by DHE staining and quantitative statistical data (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (B–D) Oxidative stress-related indicators in A10 cells treated with control medium, Gin A alone (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. MDA (B) , T-AOC (C) and SOD activity (D) measured using assay kits (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (E) NOX4 protein expression in A10 cells cultured for 24 h under control, HG or HG plus Gin A conditions. Representative western blots and NOX4/GAPDH ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Techniques Used: Cell Culture, Control, Staining, Activity Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

    Gin A activates AMPK and suppresses mTOR/S6K1 signaling in A10 cells (A) Concentration-dependent effects of Gin A on AMPK phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios were determined by Western blot. (B) Time course of AMPK activation by Gin A. Cells were exposed to Gin A (10 μM) for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK levels were determined by Western blot. (C) Effects of Gin A on mTOR phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were determined by Western blot. (D) Effects of Gin A on S6K1 phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-S6K1/S6K1 ratios determined by Western blot (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Gin A activates AMPK and suppresses mTOR/S6K1 signaling in A10 cells (A) Concentration-dependent effects of Gin A on AMPK phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios were determined by Western blot. (B) Time course of AMPK activation by Gin A. Cells were exposed to Gin A (10 μM) for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK levels were determined by Western blot. (C) Effects of Gin A on mTOR phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were determined by Western blot. (D) Effects of Gin A on S6K1 phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-S6K1/S6K1 ratios determined by Western blot (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control).

    Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Activation Assay, Control

    Role of AMPK activation in the Gin A-mediated inhibition of the proliferation and migration of HG-treated A10 cells (A) Effect of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C on Gin A-induced AMPK activation in HG-treated A10 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with Compound C for 1 h and then exposed to HG (30 mM) with or without Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative blots and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. Gin A alone). (B–D) Effects of Compound C on the Gin A-induced inhibition of A10 cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay (B) . Cell migration was determined by Transwell (C) and wound healing (D) assays (n = 8; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A). (E,F) Effects of Compound C on Gin A-mediated inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 signaling in HG-treated A10 cells. Representative blots and quantification of p-mTOR/mTOR (E) and p-S6K1/S6K1 (F) ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Role of AMPK activation in the Gin A-mediated inhibition of the proliferation and migration of HG-treated A10 cells (A) Effect of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C on Gin A-induced AMPK activation in HG-treated A10 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with Compound C for 1 h and then exposed to HG (30 mM) with or without Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative blots and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. Gin A alone). (B–D) Effects of Compound C on the Gin A-induced inhibition of A10 cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay (B) . Cell migration was determined by Transwell (C) and wound healing (D) assays (n = 8; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A). (E,F) Effects of Compound C on Gin A-mediated inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 signaling in HG-treated A10 cells. Representative blots and quantification of p-mTOR/mTOR (E) and p-S6K1/S6K1 (F) ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A).

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Inhibition, Migration, Incubation, Control, MTT Assay



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    Gin A inhibits HG-induced proliferation of A10 cells (A) Structural formula of Gingerenone A (Gin A). (B) Effect of high glucose (HG) on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were incubated with 10-, 15-, 30-, or 50-mM glucose for 24 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (C,D) Effect of Gin A on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were cultured for 24 h in normal medium or HG (30 mM) with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay (C) , and automated cell counting (D) (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (E) Representative PCNA immunofluorescence images of A10 cells cultured under control, HG (30 mM) and HG plus Gin A (10 μM) conditions for 24 h. Staining was repeated in three independent experiments with similar results; images are shown for qualitative illustration only and were not subjected to statistical analysis. (F) PCNA protein levels in A10 cells after 24 h of treatment with control medium, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative western blots and quantification of PCNA expression quantification of PCNA expression (normalized to H3) are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Gin A inhibits HG-induced proliferation of A10 cells (A) Structural formula of Gingerenone A (Gin A). (B) Effect of high glucose (HG) on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were incubated with 10-, 15-, 30-, or 50-mM glucose for 24 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (C,D) Effect of Gin A on the proliferation of A10 cells. A10 cells were cultured for 24 h in normal medium or HG (30 mM) with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay (C) , and automated cell counting (D) (n = 8, * P < 0.05 vs. control). (E) Representative PCNA immunofluorescence images of A10 cells cultured under control, HG (30 mM) and HG plus Gin A (10 μM) conditions for 24 h. Staining was repeated in three independent experiments with similar results; images are shown for qualitative illustration only and were not subjected to statistical analysis. (F) PCNA protein levels in A10 cells after 24 h of treatment with control medium, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative western blots and quantification of PCNA expression quantification of PCNA expression (normalized to H3) are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Article Snippet: The VSMC line A10 (CRL-1476, ATCC, United States) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, #30-2002, ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, #30-2020, ATCC), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin.

    Techniques: Incubation, MTT Assay, Control, Cell Culture, Cell Counting, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

    Gin A reduces HG-induced migration of A10 cells (A) Representative Transwell images showing A10 cell migration after 24 h of culture under control conditions, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM). (B) Representative wound-healing images at 0 and 24 h for A10 cells treated as in (A) . (C) Effect of Gin A on the increase in the number of migrating cells induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (D) Effect of Gin A on the increased migration distance induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Gin A reduces HG-induced migration of A10 cells (A) Representative Transwell images showing A10 cell migration after 24 h of culture under control conditions, Gin A (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM). (B) Representative wound-healing images at 0 and 24 h for A10 cells treated as in (A) . (C) Effect of Gin A on the increase in the number of migrating cells induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (D) Effect of Gin A on the increased migration distance induced by HG (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Article Snippet: The VSMC line A10 (CRL-1476, ATCC, United States) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, #30-2002, ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, #30-2020, ATCC), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin.

    Techniques: Migration, Control

    Gin A attenuates HG-induced oxidative stress in A10 cells (A) Intracellular ROS levels in A10 cells cultured for 24 h in control medium or HG (30 mM) in the absence or presence of Gin A (10 μM). ROS was evaluated by DHE staining and quantitative statistical data (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (B–D) Oxidative stress-related indicators in A10 cells treated with control medium, Gin A alone (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. MDA (B) , T-AOC (C) and SOD activity (D) measured using assay kits (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (E) NOX4 protein expression in A10 cells cultured for 24 h under control, HG or HG plus Gin A conditions. Representative western blots and NOX4/GAPDH ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Gin A attenuates HG-induced oxidative stress in A10 cells (A) Intracellular ROS levels in A10 cells cultured for 24 h in control medium or HG (30 mM) in the absence or presence of Gin A (10 μM). ROS was evaluated by DHE staining and quantitative statistical data (n = 10; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (B–D) Oxidative stress-related indicators in A10 cells treated with control medium, Gin A alone (10 μM), HG (30 mM) or HG plus Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. MDA (B) , T-AOC (C) and SOD activity (D) measured using assay kits (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone). (E) NOX4 protein expression in A10 cells cultured for 24 h under control, HG or HG plus Gin A conditions. Representative western blots and NOX4/GAPDH ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone).

    Article Snippet: The VSMC line A10 (CRL-1476, ATCC, United States) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, #30-2002, ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, #30-2020, ATCC), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin.

    Techniques: Cell Culture, Control, Staining, Activity Assay, Expressing, Western Blot

    Gin A activates AMPK and suppresses mTOR/S6K1 signaling in A10 cells (A) Concentration-dependent effects of Gin A on AMPK phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios were determined by Western blot. (B) Time course of AMPK activation by Gin A. Cells were exposed to Gin A (10 μM) for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK levels were determined by Western blot. (C) Effects of Gin A on mTOR phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were determined by Western blot. (D) Effects of Gin A on S6K1 phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-S6K1/S6K1 ratios determined by Western blot (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Gin A activates AMPK and suppresses mTOR/S6K1 signaling in A10 cells (A) Concentration-dependent effects of Gin A on AMPK phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios were determined by Western blot. (B) Time course of AMPK activation by Gin A. Cells were exposed to Gin A (10 μM) for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h, and p-AMPK/AMPK levels were determined by Western blot. (C) Effects of Gin A on mTOR phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-mTOR/mTOR ratios were determined by Western blot. (D) Effects of Gin A on S6K1 phosphorylation. A10 cells were treated with Gin A at 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM for 24 h, and p-S6K1/S6K1 ratios determined by Western blot (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control).

    Article Snippet: The VSMC line A10 (CRL-1476, ATCC, United States) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, #30-2002, ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, #30-2020, ATCC), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin.

    Techniques: Concentration Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Activation Assay, Control

    Role of AMPK activation in the Gin A-mediated inhibition of the proliferation and migration of HG-treated A10 cells (A) Effect of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C on Gin A-induced AMPK activation in HG-treated A10 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with Compound C for 1 h and then exposed to HG (30 mM) with or without Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative blots and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. Gin A alone). (B–D) Effects of Compound C on the Gin A-induced inhibition of A10 cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay (B) . Cell migration was determined by Transwell (C) and wound healing (D) assays (n = 8; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A). (E,F) Effects of Compound C on Gin A-mediated inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 signaling in HG-treated A10 cells. Representative blots and quantification of p-mTOR/mTOR (E) and p-S6K1/S6K1 (F) ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A).

    Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

    Article Title: Gingerenone A attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling through AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling

    doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1706103

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of AMPK activation in the Gin A-mediated inhibition of the proliferation and migration of HG-treated A10 cells (A) Effect of the AMPK inhibitor Compound C on Gin A-induced AMPK activation in HG-treated A10 cells. Cells were pre-incubated with Compound C for 1 h and then exposed to HG (30 mM) with or without Gin A (10 μM) for 24 h. Representative blots and p-AMPK/AMPK ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. Gin A alone). (B–D) Effects of Compound C on the Gin A-induced inhibition of A10 cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay (B) . Cell migration was determined by Transwell (C) and wound healing (D) assays (n = 8; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A). (E,F) Effects of Compound C on Gin A-mediated inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 signaling in HG-treated A10 cells. Representative blots and quantification of p-mTOR/mTOR (E) and p-S6K1/S6K1 (F) ratios are shown (n = 6; * P < 0.05 vs. control; # P < 0.05 vs. HG alone; & P < 0.05 vs. HG + Gin A).

    Article Snippet: The VSMC line A10 (CRL-1476, ATCC, United States) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, #30-2002, ATCC) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, #30-2020, ATCC), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition, Migration, Incubation, Control, MTT Assay