apoptosis assays  (Biotium)

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity determines nitrate reduction partitioning in nitrate-reducing communities

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02220-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nitrate reduction characterization. ( A ) Nitrate reduction pathway and nitrogen conversion of G. metallireducens during nitrate reduction. G. metallireducens conducted DNRA when grown in a nitrate medium. ( B ) Nitrite reduction pathway and nitrogen conversion of A. faecalis during nitrite reduction. A. faecalis performed denitrification in coculture medium. ( C ) Nitrogen conversion of the G. metallireducens and A. faecalis coculture during the primary coculturing. The coculture performed DNRA in the coculture medium. ( D ) Nitrogen conversion of the G. metallireducens and A. faecalis coculture after the primary coculture had been transferred to a fresh coculture medium. The coculture mainly conducted denitrification.

Article Snippet: G. metallireducens strain GS15 (ATCC 53774) and A. faecalis (DSM 30030) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity determines nitrate reduction partitioning in nitrate-reducing communities

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02220-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of nitrate-reduction-related genes in the G. metallireducens and A. faecalis denitrification coculture. G. metallireducens cells that perform DNRA and A. faecalis cells that execute denitrification were selected as the references. Nar: nitrate reductase; Nir and Nrf: nitrite reductase; Nor: nitric oxide reductase; Nos: nitrous oxide reductases; FeoB/Fur: iron importer; FieF/DmeF: iron exporters; NarK: nitrate/nitrite transporter; NarT: nitrate/nitrite antiporter. *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: G. metallireducens strain GS15 (ATCC 53774) and A. faecalis (DSM 30030) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), respectively.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity determines nitrate reduction partitioning in nitrate-reducing communities

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02220-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nitrate reduction characterization. ( A ) Nitrate reduction by G. metallireducens in a coculture medium. G. metallireducens was washed twice with a coculture medium before inoculation. G. metallireducens was not able to reduce nitrate until the addition of A. faecalis to the medium. ( B ) Nitrate reduction of the G. metallireducens nitrate reductase-deficient strain (strain G.m-Δ narG ) in a coculture medium. The addition of A. faecalis was not able to recover the nitrate reduction of the strain G.m-Δ narG . ( C ) Nitrate reduction of the G. metallireducens nitrite reductase-deficient strain (strain G.m-Δ nrfA ) in a coculture medium. The addition of A. faecalis was able to recover the nitrate reduction of the G.m-Δ nrfA strain . ( D ) Nitrogen conversion of the G. metallireducens and A. faecalis coculture that was intermittently treated with Fe(III) during six transfers. The availability of Fe(III) modulated the nitrate reduction partitioning of the coculture between DNRA and denitrification.

Article Snippet: G. metallireducens strain GS15 (ATCC 53774) and A. faecalis (DSM 30030) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity determines nitrate reduction partitioning in nitrate-reducing communities

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02220-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity on the nitrate reduction in the coculture. ( A ) Nrf activity of G. metallireducens cell lysates grown in nitrate medium supplemented with varying Fe(III) concentrations. ( B ) Nitrogen conversion of the G. metallireducens mutant strain G.m-Δ nrfA (deficient in nitrite reductase) growing in a nitrate medium. ( C ) Nitrogen conversion of the G.m-Δ nrfA and A. faecalis coculture growing in a coculture medium. ( D ) Nitrogen conversion of the G.m-Δ nrfA and A. faecalis coculture growing in a coculture medium supplemented with Fe(III). The coculture still performed denitrification in the presence of Fe(III).

Article Snippet: G. metallireducens strain GS15 (ATCC 53774) and A. faecalis (DSM 30030) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), respectively.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Fe(III)-dependent Nrf activity determines nitrate reduction partitioning in nitrate-reducing communities

doi: 10.1128/mbio.02220-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of how Fe(III) modulates nitrate reduction partitioning in the G. metallireducens and A. faecalis coculture. Theoretically, G. metallireducens reduces nitrate to ammonium, and A. faecalis reduces nitrite to nitrogen. After being cocultured in a coculture medium, G. metallireducens reduces nitrate to nitrite. In the presence of Fe(III), the nitrite reductase of G. metallireducens is active and directly reduces nitrite to ammonium. As a result, a nitrate ammonification coculture forms. However, when Fe(III) is not supplied in the coculture medium, the nitrite reductase of G. metallireducens is inactive, and the nitrite cannot be reduced by G. metallireducens . Otherwise, nitrite is secreted and transferred to A. faecalis for further reduction. Thereafter, a denitrification coculture is established.

Article Snippet: G. metallireducens strain GS15 (ATCC 53774) and A. faecalis (DSM 30030) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), respectively.

Techniques: