Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms for nifedipine:PEG 6000 spray dried mixtures at mass ratios of 1:5, and 1:9.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical structures of a. nifedipine, b. sulfamethoxazole, c. polyethylene glycol, and d. Soluplus®.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine and lyophilized NIF with Soluplus® or PEG 6000 in SGF ( n = 3). Error bars represent standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms for the nifedipine:Soluplus® lyophilized mixtures at mass ratios of 1:1, 1:5, and 1:9.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine and spray dried NIF with Soluplus® or PEG 6000 in SIF ( n = 3). NIF alone in deionized water was added for comparison. Error bars represent standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms for nifedipine:PEG 6000 lyophilized mixtures at mass ratios of 1:1, 1:5, and 1:9.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine and lyophilized NIF with Soluplus® or PEG 6000 in SIF ( n = 3). Error bars represent standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms for (top to bottom) sulfamethoxazole, PEG 6000, Soluplus®, and nifedipine.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine and spray dried NIF with Soluplus® or PEG 6000 in SGF ( n = 3). Error bars represent standard deviation.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: Investigation of the in vitro performance difference of drug-Soluplus® and drug-PEG 6000 dispersions when prepared using spray drying or lyophilization

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermograms of nifedipine:Soluplus® spray dried mixtures at mass ratios of 1:1, 1:5, and 1:9.

Article Snippet: Methods: Nifedipine (NIF) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) of 99.3% and 99.5% purity, respectively, were selected as BCS II model drugs, such that an improved dissolution rate and concentration in the gastrointestinal tract should increase oral bioavailability.

Techniques:

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Molecular tuning of electroreception in sharks and skates

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0160-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shark I CaV properties a. Isolated shark ampullary organs with attached canals and nerve fibers ( Top, scale 100μm) and a representative electrosensory cell patch clamp experiment ( Bottom, scale 10μm). b. I Cav currents elicited by increasing voltage pulses from −100mV ( Left ) and average current–voltage ( I – V ) relationship ( Right , n = 7). c. I Cav exhibited an L-type Ca V pharmacological profile: Peak currents were regulated by Bay K (agonist), Cd 2+ (blocker), nifedipine (antagonist), but not mibefradil (T-type antagonist). n = 4. p

Article Snippet: The pharmacological inhibitors or agonists Bay K, nifedipine, mibefradil, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), XE991, NS11021, and quinidine were from Tocris.

Techniques: Isolation, Patch Clamp

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Article Title: Ca2+ entry-independent effects of L-type Ca2+ channel modulators on Ca2+ sparks in ventricular myocytes

doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: DHPR channel blocker nifedipine did not affect SR Ca 2+ load of permeabilized myocytes Confocal linescan images and correspondingΔF/F0 profiles of Ca 2+ release induced by application of 20 mM caffeine under control conditions, and after addition of 5 μM nifedipine.

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, nimodipine, FPL-64176 and Bay-K8644 were from Alomone Lab, or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Article Title: Ca2+ entry-independent effects of L-type Ca2+ channel modulators on Ca2+ sparks in ventricular myocytes

doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Verapamil did not affect Ca 2+ sparks in permeabilized myocytes A. Top , confocal linescan images of Ca2+ sparks. Bottom, local ΔF/F 0 profiles of Ca 2+ release events.ΔF/F 0 plots were obtained by averaging fluo-3 fluorescence from 1 μm-wide region marked by boxes. Measurements were done under control conditions, and after subsequent addition of verapamil (10 μM), and then of nifepidine (5 μM). B. Average data of spark frequency under the named conditions, control, verapamil and verapamil plus nifedipine. *Statistically different at P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, nimodipine, FPL-64176 and Bay-K8644 were from Alomone Lab, or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Article Title: Ca2+ entry-independent effects of L-type Ca2+ channel modulators on Ca2+ sparks in ventricular myocytes

doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: DHPR channel agonists and blockers did not affect SR Ca 2+ uptake by cardiac SR vesicles A. SR Ca 2+ uptake measured in control conditions, in the presence of nifedipine (10 μM) and in the presence of BayK (5 μM). Ca 2+ uptake was initiated by addition of CaCl 2 (20 μM). Experimental data were fitted by a single exponential function from which the time constant of Ca 2+ uptake was derived. Average time constant under control conditions was 130 ± 35 s (n = 6). B. Relative time constants of SR Ca 2+ uptake (expressed as % of control values, n=6 each) for Nifedipine (10 μM), Nimodipine (5 μM), Calciseptine (1 μM), FS-2 (1 μM), Verapamil (10 μM), BayK (5 μM), and FPL (5 μM). Values between groups were not statistically different.

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, nimodipine, FPL-64176 and Bay-K8644 were from Alomone Lab, or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Article Title: Ca2+ entry-independent effects of L-type Ca2+ channel modulators on Ca2+ sparks in ventricular myocytes

doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine and nimodipine decreased Ca 2+ spark frequency in saponin-permeabilized rat ventricular myocytes A (a) Confocal linescan images of Ca 2+ sparks in control conditions, and 5 minutes after addition of nifedipine (5 μM). Bottom traces are local ΔF/F0 profiles of Ca 2+ release events. These ΔF/F 0 plots were obtained by averaging fluo-3 fluorescence from 1 μm wide region marked by boxes on the left of the linescan images. (b) Average linescan images of sparks (n=18 events each) observed under control conditions and with nifedipine (5 μM). (c, d, e, f) Numerical data of spark characteristics (frequency, amplitude, duration and width) under control conditions (Ctrl, black) and in the presence of nifedipine (Nif, red). B (a) Confocal linescan images of Ca 2+ sparks in control conditions and in the presence of nimodipine (1 μM). Bottom traces are localΔF/F 0 profiles of Ca 2+ release events in the region marked by boxes. (b, c, d, e) Average data of Ca 2+ release events (frequency, amplitude, duration and width) under control conditions (Ctrl, black) and in the presence of nimodipine (Nimod, red). *Significant nifedipine or nimodipine effects on Ca 2+ spark frequency compared to control, P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, nimodipine, FPL-64176 and Bay-K8644 were from Alomone Lab, or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence

Journal: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Article Title: Ca2+ entry-independent effects of L-type Ca2+ channel modulators on Ca2+ sparks in ventricular myocytes

doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00437.2006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nifedipine decreased Ca 2+ spark frequency in patch-clamped cat ventricular myocytes bathed with Ca 2+ -free solutions Intact myocytes were loaded with Fluo-4 by internal perfusion via a patch pipette. Pipette (intracellular) and bathing solutions were the same as the intracellular solution utilized for bathing saponin permeabilized myocytes (see Methods). The figure shows confocal linescan images of Ca 2+ sparks in control conditions and after addition of nifedipine (5 μM). In all cases, local ΔF/F 0 profiles of Ca 2+ release events are shown, which were obtained by averaging fluo-3 fluorescence from 1 μm wide region marked by boxes.

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, nimodipine, FPL-64176 and Bay-K8644 were from Alomone Lab, or Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Transferring, Fluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Protective and therapeutic effect of felodipine against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03676-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of other calcium channel blockers on TGF-β1-induced collagen production. LL29 cells were incubated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) for 48 h ( a ) or 24 h ( b ) in the presence of indicated concentrations (µM) of nifedipine (Nif) or benidipine (Beni). Level of collagen in culture medium was determined by Sircol assay ( a ). Viable cell number was determined by MTT method ( b ). Values represent mean ± S.E.M. * * or ## P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, benidipine, isoflurane, L-hydroxyproline, sodium acetate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), perchloric acid, azophloxin, aniline blue, and formalin neutral buffer solution were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Incubation, MTT Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Protective and therapeutic effect of felodipine against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03676-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of other calcium blockers on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, alteration of lung mechanics, and respiratory dysfunction. Mice were intratracheally administered with bleomycin (BLM, 2 mg/kg) or vehicle once only on day 0. Mice were intratracheally administered indicated doses (mg/kg) of nifedipine (Nif) or benidipine (Beni) once daily for 14 days (from day 0–13). Sections of pulmonary tissue were prepared on day 14 (24 h after final calcium blockers administration) and subjected to histopathological examination. H E staining (upper images) and Masson’s trichrome staining (lower images); scale bar = 1.0 mm ( a ). Percentage of collagen-positive area was determined based on images of Masson’s trichrome staining ( b ). Pulmonary hydroxyproline level was determined on day 14 ( c ). Total respiratory system elastance and FVC were measured on day 14 ( d ). Values represent mean ± S.E.M. * * or ## P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, benidipine, isoflurane, L-hydroxyproline, sodium acetate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), perchloric acid, azophloxin, aniline blue, and formalin neutral buffer solution were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Mouse Assay, Staining

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on the changes of total cellular protein concentrations in rat VSMC. The results were derived from five separate experiments, and each experiment was performed in triplicate. Each bar represents the mean±s.e.mean. * P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Derivative Assay

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on the phosphorylation and protein level of ERK 1/2 (p44/42) in rat VSMC. (A) The phosphorylation or protein level of ERK 1/2 was detected by immunoblot analysis using antibody phosphospecific or specific for ERK 1/2, as described in Methods. p-ERK 1/2 or ERK 1/2 shows the phosphorylation or the protein level of ERK 1/2, respectively. (B) The quantitation of the phosphorylated ERK 1/2 from three separate experiments is shown, and each bar represents the mean±s.e.mean. * P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on the value of I/M ratio from rat left common carotid artery 14 days after balloon catheterization. C: mixtur of ethanol and polyethylen-glycol 400 only ( n =9); L: treatment with 0.3 mg kg −1 day −1 of nifedipine ( n =9); H: treatment with 3 mg kg −1 day −1 of nifedipine ( n =9). Values are the mean±s.e.mean. ** P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effect of nifedipine in VSMC

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on the phosphorylation and protein level of Pyk2 in rat VSMC. (A) The phosphorylation or protein level of Pyk2 was detected by immunoblot analysis using antibody specific for phosphotyrosine (PY20) or for Pyk2, as described in Methods. p-Pyk2 or Pyk2 shows the phosphorylation or protein level of Pyk2, respectively. (B) The quantitation of the phosphorylated Pyk2 from three separate experiments is shown, and each bar represents the mean±s.e.mean. * P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on DNA synthesis in rat VSMC. The results were derived from five separate experiments, and each experiment was performed in triplicate. Each bar represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: DNA Synthesis, Derivative Assay

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cross-sections of rat left common carotid artery 14 days after balloon catheterization. EM stains (A–C) and immunohistological stainings with anti-SMA antibody and developed by the ABC method (D–F). 0.4 mg ml −1 of DAB was used as the chromogen of the ABC method, and the antibody-positive staining is shown as brown. (A,D) C: mixture of ethanol and polyethylen-glycol 400 only; (B,E) L: treatment with 0.3 mg kg −1 day −1 of nifedipine; (C,F) H: treatment with 3 mg kg −1 day −1 of nifedipine. Arrowheads indicate the position of the internal elastic lamina. The preparations were examined under ×20 magnification.

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Nifedipine suppresses neointimal thickening by its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth via a MEK-ERK pathway coupling with Pyk2

doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703730

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on the phosphorylation and protein level of MEK 1/2 in rat VSMC. (A) The phosphorylation or protein level of MEK 1/2 was detected by immunoblot analysis using antibody phosphospecific or specific for MEK 1/2, as described in Methods. p-MEK 1/2 or MEK 1/2 shows the phosphorylation or the protein level of MEK 1/2, respectively. (B) The quantitation of the phosphorylated MEK 1/2 from three separate experiments is shown, and each bar represents the mean±s.e.mean. * P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was supplied by Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay

Journal: The Journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Blocking L-type Calcium Channels Reduced the Threshold of Cyclic AMP-induced Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Gene Expression in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Cells

doi: 10.1677/JOE-09-0206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking Ca 2+ influx through L-type Ca 2+ channel enhanced cAMP-induced steroidogenesis and StAR protein expression in MA-10 mouse Leydig cells. MA-10 cells were cultured in serum-free Waymouth’s medium with increasing concentrations of the selective L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker, nifedipine, for 30 min and then 0.05 mM dbcAMP was added to the culture for 6 h. A , the cells were collected and 20μg of cell lysate protein was used for Western blot analysis of StAR protein. B , progesterone concentration in the medium was assessed by RIA. **, p

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, verapamil, isadipine and diltiazem were purchased from BIOMOL (Plymouth Meeting, PA).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Expressing, Cell Culture, Western Blot, Concentration Assay

Journal: The Journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Blocking L-type Calcium Channels Reduced the Threshold of Cyclic AMP-induced Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Gene Expression in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Cells

doi: 10.1677/JOE-09-0206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blocking Ca 2+ influx through L-type Ca 2+ channel enhanced cAMP-induced Star gene transcription in MA-10 mouse Leydig cells. MA-10 cells were cultured in serum-free Waymouth’s medium with increasing concentrations of the selective L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker, nifedipine, for 30 min and then 0.05 mM dbcAMP was added to the culture for 6 h. A, the cells were collected for total RNA isolation and Star mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR with β-actin as an internal marker. B, MA-10 cells were transfected with a Star promoter/luciferase plasmid (PGL2/ Star ) and a pRLSV40 vector, a plasmid that constitutively expresses Renilla luciferase. The cells were then treated as described above and the cell lysate was used for luciferase assays using a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. The Relative Light Unit (RLU) was determined by dividing the reading from the PGL2/ Star promoter by the reading from Renilla luciferase. The promoter activities were expressed as fold over RLU of control. ***, p

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, verapamil, isadipine and diltiazem were purchased from BIOMOL (Plymouth Meeting, PA).

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Cell Culture, Isolation, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker, Transfection, Luciferase, Plasmid Preparation, Reporter Assay

Journal: The Journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Blocking L-type Calcium Channels Reduced the Threshold of Cyclic AMP-induced Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Gene Expression in MA-10 Mouse Leydig Cells

doi: 10.1677/JOE-09-0206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synergistic interaction between nifedipine and cAMP in steroidogenesis of MA-10 mouse Leydig cells. MA-10 cells were cultured for 30 min in serum-free Waymouth’s medium with or without 20 μM of nifedipine, and then increasing concentrations of dbcAMP were added to the cultures for 6 h. A, the cells were collected and 20 μg of cell lysate protein was used for Western blot analysis of StAR protein. B, progesterone production in the culture medium was assessed by RIA. *, p

Article Snippet: Nifedipine, verapamil, isadipine and diltiazem were purchased from BIOMOL (Plymouth Meeting, PA).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Semen cassiae Extract Inhibits Contraction of Airway Smooth Muscle

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01389

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aurantio-obtusin inhibits ion channel-mediated currents in single tracheal smooth muscle cells. (A) LVDCC-mediated currents were recorded using the voltage steps ( top ). The representative traces show that the currents are blocked by nifedipine and aurantio-obtusin ( middle ). The current-voltage curves were plotted ( bottom ), showing that the currents were completely blocked by nifedipine and markedly inhibited by aurantio-obtusin . ∗ P

Article Snippet: Reagents Nifedipine, acetylcholine chloride (ACh), pyrazole 3 (Pyr3), YM-58483, and agarose were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Semen cassiae Extract Inhibits Contraction of Airway Smooth Muscle

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01389

Figure Lengend Snippet: EESC via inhibiting ion channel-mediated Ca 2+ influx inhibits ACh-induced contraction. (A) A TR was contracted by ACh, and the contraction was inhibited by nifedipine and then blocked by EESC. (B) The contraction was reduced by nifedipine and then blocked by YM-58483. (C) In the presence of nifedipine, ACh induced a transient contraction in Ca 2+ -free conditions (0 Ca 2+ and 0.5 mM EGTA). After the addition of 2 mM Ca 2+ , a sustained contraction occurred, which was blocked by EESC. (D) These contractions were markedly inhibited in an EESC-incubated TR. Each of the above experiments was conducted in 6–8 TRs, and the same results were observed. These results demonstrate that EESC-induced relaxation is due to the inhibition of LVDCCs and other pathways.

Article Snippet: Reagents Nifedipine, acetylcholine chloride (ACh), pyrazole 3 (Pyr3), YM-58483, and agarose were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States).

Techniques: Incubation, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Semen cassiae Extract Inhibits Contraction of Airway Smooth Muscle

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01389

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyr3 inhibits ASM contraction. ACh induced a sustained contraction in a TR in the presence of nifedipine, which was inhibited by Pyr3 and the remainder was blocked by EESC. This experiment was performed in 6 TRs. These data indicate that EESC-induced relaxation is partially due to the inhibition of Pyr3 sensitive channels.

Article Snippet: Reagents Nifedipine, acetylcholine chloride (ACh), pyrazole 3 (Pyr3), YM-58483, and agarose were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, United States).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Aging Reduces L-Type Calcium Channel Current and the Vasodilatory Response of Small Mesenteric Arteries to Calcium Channel Blockers

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00171

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of nifedipine on diameter and relative intracellular calcium level changes . Average data of diameter changes (A) and intracellular calcium level as indicated by R340/380 (B) of small mesenteric arteries isolated from young and old rats that were pre-contracted with 60 mM KCl and then relaxed with 1 μM nifedipine. Values are mean ± SEM of % changes from KCl contraction. * denotes significance at P ≤ 0.05.

Article Snippet: Chemicals Nifedipine, PE, SNP, and acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from Sigma (Germany).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Aging Reduces L-Type Calcium Channel Current and the Vasodilatory Response of Small Mesenteric Arteries to Calcium Channel Blockers

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00171

Figure Lengend Snippet: L-type voltage-gated calcium channel currents . (A) Representative traces of inward Ba 2+ currents generated by 8 mV steps from a holding potential of −70 to +58 mV in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from mesenteric arteries of young and old rats. Membrane capacitances were 32 and 48 pF, respectively. Currents from both animal groups (cont) were equally blocked by 1 μM nifedipine (nif). (B) Averaged current-voltage (I-V) relationships showing current density in VSMCs of arteries from young compared to old. Steady state activation (C) , and inactivation (D) curves are represented as I/I max and G/G max ; respectively.

Article Snippet: Chemicals Nifedipine, PE, SNP, and acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from Sigma (Germany).

Techniques: Generated, Isolation, Activation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Aging Reduces L-Type Calcium Channel Current and the Vasodilatory Response of Small Mesenteric Arteries to Calcium Channel Blockers

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00171

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of calcium channel blockers on KCl-induced contraction . Responses of mesenteric arteries isolated from young and old rats that were pre-contracted with 100 mM KCl and relaxed with cumulative concentrations of three calcium channel blockers, nifedipine (A) , verapamil (B) , and diltiazem (C) . (D) Shows the relationship between cumulative concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and % relaxation of phenylephrine (PE; 4 μM)-induced contraction.

Article Snippet: Chemicals Nifedipine, PE, SNP, and acetylcholine (ACh) were obtained from Sigma (Germany).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: OptoDyCE as an automated system for high-throughput all-optical dynamic cardiac electrophysiology

doi: 10.1038/ncomms11542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental comparison of OptoHTS versus ‘spark'-OptoHTS for functional drug testing. ( a – d ) OptoHTS (left) and sOptoHTS (right) provide qualitatively and quantitatively similar results for measured effects on APD ( a , c ) and CTD ( b , d ) for both nifedipine ( a , b ) and dofetilide, a blocker of the rapid delayed-rectifier, I Kr ( c , d ). N =3–16 samples (at least 600 single-cell records or more) for each condition and each data point in the panels above. Data are presented as mean±s.e.m., and each well is considered an independent sample.

Article Snippet: Drugs Nifedipine (MW 346.33 g mol−1 ; Sigma) concentrations of 50 μM, 10 μM, 5 μM, 1μM, 0.5 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.05 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.005 μM, 0.001 μM and 0.0001 μM were prepared in Tyrode's solution.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: OptoDyCE as an automated system for high-throughput all-optical dynamic cardiac electrophysiology

doi: 10.1038/ncomms11542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Demonstration of OptoHTS for HT dose–response drug testing. Nifedipine, an L-type Ca 2+ channel ( I CaL ) blocker, is applied at 12-concentration-graded dosing (0–50 μM) to ChR2-CMs in 96-well plates ( a ). Optical recordings of multiple voltage ( b – d ) or calcium events ( e – g ) are obtained during optical pacing at 1 Hz, screening the full plate in under 10 min (see also Supplementary Fig. 5 ). Example averaged over 10 s ( b , e ) and quantitative results for APD and CTD ( c , d , f , g ) are shown. Expected APD ( n =4–7 samples, at least 800 single-cell records per concentration) ( b – d ) and CTD ( n =4–6 samples, at least 800 single-cell records per concentration) ( e – g ) shortening, especially at the APD25/CTD25 and APD50/CTD50 levels, occurred due to nifedipine blocking the inward L-type calcium current. Maximum APD shortening is observed at around 1 μM, consistent with maximum block of I CaL reached at that concentration ( d , inset). Beyond 1 μM, indirect (voltage-mediated) or non-specific action on other ion channels partially counters the block of inward Ca 2+ current and can reduce or eliminate the APD shortening ( d ). Nifedipine appears to monotonically shorten CTD up to 10 μM ( f , g ). Data are presented as mean±s.e.m, and each well is considered an independent sample, represented by a spatially averaged trace.

Article Snippet: Drugs Nifedipine (MW 346.33 g mol−1 ; Sigma) concentrations of 50 μM, 10 μM, 5 μM, 1μM, 0.5 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.05 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.005 μM, 0.001 μM and 0.0001 μM were prepared in Tyrode's solution.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Blocking Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: OptoDyCE as an automated system for high-throughput all-optical dynamic cardiac electrophysiology

doi: 10.1038/ncomms11542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dynamic functional drug testing. A demonstration of the utility of OptoDyCE for spatio-temporal characterization. Dynamic pacing provides a means of studying pacing-induced V m and Ca 2+ restitution and instabilities ( a ), or drug-induced instabilities, that is, 2 μM dofetilide leading to voltage alternans at relatively low pacing frequency (2 Hz) ( b ). High-content dynamic information is obtained from a single data run ( c – h ). For example, restitution and temporal or spatial variability (quantified by MAD) are shown as function of both drug dose and pacing frequency for peak calcium in the presence of nifedipine ( c – e ) and for APD in the presence of dofetilide ( f , g ). Nifedipine action on peak calcium (per cent change) is dose-dependent but frequency-independent ( c , d ). Nifedipine appears to reduce temporal variability of peak calcium (assessed by MAD), and this reduction is augmented by higher frequency pacing ( e ). Dofetilide shows enhanced action on APD50 at higher frequency (opposite to reverse-use dependence) ( f , g ). Spatial variation as a function of drug dose can also be assessed by analysing multiple ROI within the same well ( h ) (see also Supplementary Figs 5–6 ). Dofetilide at 2 μM seems to increase spatial variability in APD, that is, increase dispersion of repolarization, compared with control during 1-Hz pacing ( P

Article Snippet: Drugs Nifedipine (MW 346.33 g mol−1 ; Sigma) concentrations of 50 μM, 10 μM, 5 μM, 1μM, 0.5 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.05 μM, 0.01 μM, 0.005 μM, 0.001 μM and 0.0001 μM were prepared in Tyrode's solution.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Attenuation of L-Type Ca2+ Channel Expression and Vasomotor Response in the Aorta with Age in Both Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Profiles of Relaxation by VDCC Blockers in Both WKY and SHR. Representative traces of nifedipine (A)-, verapamil (C)-, and Trp-His (E)-induced relaxation in PE (1 µM)-contracted aortic rings from both 8- and 40-week WKY and SHR. The relaxation activity was represented as EC 50 values for nifedipine (B), verapamil (D), and Trp-His (F). Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM values (n = 3–7). * P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Polybrene induces neural degeneration by bidirectional Ca2+ influx-dependent mitochondrial and ER–mitochondrial dynamics

doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-1009-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuritic degeneration induced by polybrene is dependent on Ca 2+ influx. a , b Ca 2+ influx induced by polybrene was inhibited by EGTA or nifedipine. Neurons were labeled by Fluo-4. a The time course of relative Fluo-4 fluorescence intensity was recorded. b The relative Fluo-4 fluorescence intensity at 3000 s. The fluorescence intensity of Fluo-4 at initiating time was normalized to 100 ( n ≥ 6, *** P

Article Snippet: Briefly, neurons were treated with polybrene for 24 h. For the polybrene treatment with 5 mM EGTA or 50 µM nifedipine (S1808, Selleck), drugs were added simultaneously with polybrene for 12 h. Neurons were observed under a phase-contrast microscope.

Techniques: Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SNAP, Ca 2+ channel inhibitors, Ca 2+ chelators, and CaM antagonists on calmodulin content. NAP, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl 3 , nifedipine, W-7, and TFP were used at 100 120, 30, 500, 150, 80, and 100 μM, respectively. Error bars represent standard error and each data in figure represents the mean ± SE of three experiments. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test ( P

Article Snippet: Experiment 2: 10 treatments were applied: (1) Control (distilled water); (2) 100 μM S-nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP); (3) 20 mM calcium dichloride (CaCl2 ); (4) 120 μM [Ethylene glycol-bis (-aminoethy ether) N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid] (EGTA) + SNAP; (5) 30 μM [1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane–N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester)] (BAPTA/AM, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) + SNAP; (6) 500 μM lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 , Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (7) 150 μM nifedipine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) +SNAP; (8) 80 μM [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide] (W-7, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan)+ SNAP; (9) 100 μM trifluoperazine (TFP, Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (10) 150 μM nifedipine.

Techniques: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SNAP, Ca 2+ channel inhibitors, Ca 2+ chelators, and CaM antagonists on calcium content. SNAP, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl 3 , nifedipine, W-7, and TFP were used at 100 120, 30, 500, 150, 80, and 100 μM, respectively. Error bars represent standard error and each data in figure represents the mean ± SE of three experiments. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test ( P

Article Snippet: Experiment 2: 10 treatments were applied: (1) Control (distilled water); (2) 100 μM S-nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP); (3) 20 mM calcium dichloride (CaCl2 ); (4) 120 μM [Ethylene glycol-bis (-aminoethy ether) N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid] (EGTA) + SNAP; (5) 30 μM [1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane–N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester)] (BAPTA/AM, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) + SNAP; (6) 500 μM lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 , Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (7) 150 μM nifedipine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) +SNAP; (8) 80 μM [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide] (W-7, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan)+ SNAP; (9) 100 μM trifluoperazine (TFP, Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (10) 150 μM nifedipine.

Techniques: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SNAP, Ca 2+ channel inhibitors, Ca 2+ chelators, and CaM antagonists on the expression levels of (A) CaM , (B) CBL1 , and (C) CBL3 . NAP, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl 3 , nifedipine, W-7, and TFP were used at 100 120, 30, 500, 150, 80, and 100 μM, respectively. Error bars represent standard error and each data in figure represents the mean ± SE of three experiments. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test ( P

Article Snippet: Experiment 2: 10 treatments were applied: (1) Control (distilled water); (2) 100 μM S-nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP); (3) 20 mM calcium dichloride (CaCl2 ); (4) 120 μM [Ethylene glycol-bis (-aminoethy ether) N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid] (EGTA) + SNAP; (5) 30 μM [1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane–N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester)] (BAPTA/AM, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) + SNAP; (6) 500 μM lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 , Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (7) 150 μM nifedipine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) +SNAP; (8) 80 μM [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide] (W-7, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan)+ SNAP; (9) 100 μM trifluoperazine (TFP, Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (10) 150 μM nifedipine.

Techniques: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Plant Science

Article Title: Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in Nitric Oxide-Regulated Senescence of Cut Lily Flowers

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SNAP, Ca 2+ channel inhibitors, Ca 2+ chelators, and CaM antagonists on Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. NAP, EGTA, BAPTA/AM, LaCl 3 , nifedipine, W-7, and TFP were used at 100 120, 30, 500, 150, 80, and 100 μM, respectively. Error bars represent standard error and each data in figure represents the mean ± SE of three experiments. Bars not sharing the same letters were significantly different by Duncan’s multiple range test ( P

Article Snippet: Experiment 2: 10 treatments were applied: (1) Control (distilled water); (2) 100 μM S-nitro-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP); (3) 20 mM calcium dichloride (CaCl2 ); (4) 120 μM [Ethylene glycol-bis (-aminoethy ether) N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid] (EGTA) + SNAP; (5) 30 μM [1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxy) ethane–N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid tetrakis (acetoxymethyl ester)] (BAPTA/AM, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) + SNAP; (6) 500 μM lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 , Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (7) 150 μM nifedipine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan) +SNAP; (8) 80 μM [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide] (W-7, Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan)+ SNAP; (9) 100 μM trifluoperazine (TFP, Solarbio, Beijing, China) + SNAP; (10) 150 μM nifedipine.

Techniques: Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: Clinical and Translational Science

Article Title: Therapeutic Differences in 24‐h Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Patients Switched Between Bioequivalent Nifedipine Osmotic Systems With Differing Delivery Technologies

doi: 10.1111/cts.12442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Curves for ABPM data plotted using the local regression LOESS function in R statistical software. Readings from 64 timepoints over 24 h for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate (HR) provided 2,560 values for each parameter from 20 patients over two study periods. Solid‐red lines represent data fit from Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL. Dashed‐green lines represent data fit from Nifedipine‐GITS. SBP curves for two patients are statistically different and continue to further separate during the terminal 8 h (nocturnal period) of the dosing interval, as delivery from Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL is predicted to decline in a first‐order pattern. DBP curves follow a similar pattern, but are less affected by action of dihydropyridines and were not statistically different. HR remains clinically unaffected by constant, low‐rate delivery of nifedipine, varying by only 15 bpm over the course of the day.

Article Snippet: In conclusion, the observation of blood pressure differences in patients being switched between Nifedipine‐GITS and Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL suggests that concerns about the adequacy of using current bioequivalence criteria to assess highly‐modified‐release formulations have a real foundation.

Techniques: Software

Journal: Clinical and Translational Science

Article Title: Therapeutic Differences in 24‐h Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Patients Switched Between Bioequivalent Nifedipine Osmotic Systems With Differing Delivery Technologies

doi: 10.1111/cts.12442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plots of mixed‐effects fit of SBP data over time using GAMM function in R statistical software. Solid‐red lines represent data fit from Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL. Dashed‐green lines represent data fit from Nifedipine‐GITS. There is a clear, statistically significant separation of 3 ± 1.1 mmHg ( P = 0.0173) between the curves of best population fit for each formulation, which was even larger during the last 8 h of the dosing interval.

Article Snippet: In conclusion, the observation of blood pressure differences in patients being switched between Nifedipine‐GITS and Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL suggests that concerns about the adequacy of using current bioequivalence criteria to assess highly‐modified‐release formulations have a real foundation.

Techniques: Software

Journal: Clinical and Translational Science

Article Title: Therapeutic Differences in 24‐h Ambulatory Blood Pressures in Patients Switched Between Bioequivalent Nifedipine Osmotic Systems With Differing Delivery Technologies

doi: 10.1111/cts.12442

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart of treatment assignment and timing of ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) assessments. Vertical arrows mark time of study initiation and ABPM measurements for either Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL (Mylan) or Nifedipine‐GITS (N‐GITS).

Article Snippet: In conclusion, the observation of blood pressure differences in patients being switched between Nifedipine‐GITS and Mylan‐Nifedipine‐XL suggests that concerns about the adequacy of using current bioequivalence criteria to assess highly‐modified‐release formulations have a real foundation.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmacology Research & Perspectives

Article Title: Fasiglifam (TAK‐875) has dual potentiating mechanisms via Gαq‐GPR40/FFAR1 signaling branches on glucose‐dependent insulin secretion. Fasiglifam (TAK‐875) has dual potentiating mechanisms via Gαq‐GPR40/FFAR1 signaling branches on glucose‐dependent insulin secretion

doi: 10.1002/prp2.237

Figure Lengend Snippet: Synergistic effects on insulin secretion elicited by the induction of Ca 2+ influx and activation of protein kinase C. (A) Effects of nifedipine on the glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion potentiating effect of fasiglifam. Data are normalized to the vehicle (0 mmol/L glucose) group and shown as means ± SEM ( n = 3). *** P

Article Snippet: Nifedipine was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Applications of linking PBPK and PD models to predict the impact of genotypic variability, formulation differences, differences in target binding capacity and target site drug concentrations on drug responses and variability

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00258

Figure Lengend Snippet: Predicted and observed (A) plasma concentration profile and (B) change in systolic blood pressure after a single dose of nifedipine 60 mg GITS in North European hypertensive subjects ( Meredith and Elliott, 2004 ). Predicted and observed (C) plasma concentration profile and (D) change in systolic blood pressure after the initial dose and daily dosing of nifedipine 30 mg GITS for 15 days in North European hypertensive subjects ( Brown and Toal, 2008 ).

Article Snippet: The PK and PD profiles for nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension were simulated using the Simcyp nifedipine compound file ( Table ), a minimal PBPK distribution model and elimination by enzyme kinetics.

Techniques: Concentration Assay