Journal: Drug Delivery

Article Title: Novel reverse electrodialysis-driven iontophoretic system for topical and transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents

doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass detector parameters used for the analysis of vitamin C, lopinavir, ketoprofen, and valsartan (IS).

Article Snippet: Lopinavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Techniques:

Journal: Drug Delivery

Article Title: Novel reverse electrodialysis-driven iontophoretic system for topical and transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents

doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367975

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro hairless mouse skin permeation profiles of lopinavir after the application of lopinavir-soaked gauze dressing without the RED system (control) and lopinavir-loaded RED system (RED) on the mouse skin fixed in the diffusion cells (A) and the arterial plasma concentration versus time profiles of lopinavir after the transdermal application of lopinavir-soaked gauze dressing without the RED system (control) and lopinavir-loaded RED system (RED) in rats (B). Bullet symbols and their error bars represent the means and standard deviations ( n = 3–4). The asterisk (*) represents a value of the RED group significantly different from that of the control group ( p < .05).

Article Snippet: Lopinavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Diffusion-based Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Drug Delivery

Article Title: Novel reverse electrodialysis-driven iontophoretic system for topical and transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents

doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367975

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro skin permeation parameters of lopinavir after the application of lopinavir-soaked gauze dressing without the RED system (control) and lopinavir-loaded RED system (RED) on the hairless mouse skin fixed in the diffusion cells ( n = 3–4).

Article Snippet: Lopinavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Drug Delivery

Article Title: Novel reverse electrodialysis-driven iontophoretic system for topical and transdermal delivery of poorly permeable therapeutic agents

doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1367975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir after the transdermal application of lopinavir-soaked gauze dressing without the RED system (control) and lopinavir-loaded RED system (RED) in rats ( n = 3–4).

Article Snippet: Lopinavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Article Title: Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.

doi: 10.1002/jps.24492

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Scanning electron microscopy images of enteric-coated particles prepared by the coaxial nozzle-equipped ESD (a, lopinavir/ritonavir- ESD4/6; b, lopinavir/ritonavir-ESD2/8; c, lopinavir-ESD4/6; d, ritonavir-ESD4/6).

Article Snippet: Lopinavir and ritonavir were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, Minnesota).

Techniques: Electron Microscopy

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Article Title: Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.

doi: 10.1002/jps.24492

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. X-ray diffraction patterns (a) and DSC curves (b) of enteric-coated particles containing lopinavir and ritonavir prepared by the coaxial nozzle-equipped ESD. Bulk substances were used as references. LPV, lopinavir; RTV, ritonavir.

Article Snippet: Lopinavir and ritonavir were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, Minnesota).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Article Title: Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.

doi: 10.1002/jps.24492

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Dissolution profiles of lopinavir (a) and ritonavir (b) from each formulation in JP-2 solution (■, lopinavir/ritonavir-ESD4/6; ♦, lopinavir/ritonavir-ESD2/8;▲, a mixture of lopinavir-ESD4/6 and ritonavir-ESD4/6; •, bulk substances). Dissolution tests were performed using the paddle method (500 mL, 100 rpm, 37°C). Each value represents the mean ± SD of three experiments.

Article Snippet: Lopinavir and ritonavir were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, Minnesota).

Techniques: Dissolution, Formulation

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Article Title: Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.

doi: 10.1002/jps.24492

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Plasma concentration–time profiles of lopinavir after oral administration of each formulation in rats (•, propylene glycol solution containing lopinavir and ritonavir; ◦, propylene glycol solution containing lopinavir; ■, lopinavir/ritonavir-ESD4/6; ▲, a mixture of lopinavir- ESD4/6 and ritonavir-ESD4/6; △, lopinavir-ESD4/6). Each value represents mean ± SD of four to five experiments.

Article Snippet: Lopinavir and ritonavir were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, Minnesota).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Formulation

Journal: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Article Title: Enhanced Boosting of Oral Absorption of Lopinavir Through Electrospray Coencapsulation with Ritonavir.

doi: 10.1002/jps.24492

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Dissolution profiles of lopinavir (a) and ritonavir (b) from either lopinavir/ritonavir-ESD4/6 (■and □) or bulk substances (•). Closed and open symbols correspond to solute and particle + solute fractions, respectively. Dissolution tests were performed using the flow-through cell method (200 mL, 8 mL/h, 37°C). The 1-h incubation in JP-1 solution was followed by the 2-h incubation in solution with pH of 6.9. Each value represents the mean ± SD of three experiments.

Article Snippet: Lopinavir and ritonavir were obtained from LKT Laboratories, Inc. (St. Paul, Minnesota).

Techniques: Dissolution, Incubation

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors

doi: 10.3390/v16101622

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of lopinavir HIV protease inhibitor on the viability of HeLa cells after 24 h treatment ( A ), 48 h treatment ( B ), and 72 h treatment ( C ). Lopinavir significantly ( p ≤ 0.01 **/ p ≤ 0.001 ***) reduced the viability of HeLa cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. “ns” indicates a non-significant effect.

Article Snippet: The Muse ® (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) assay kits (Muse ® Cell Cycle Assay, Muse ® Count and Viability Assay, Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay) and lopinavir were all purchased from Merck-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Protease Inhibitor, Concentration Assay

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors

doi: 10.3390/v16101622

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confirmation of percentage viability of HeLa cells in response to treatment with lopinavir ( A ), Aluvia tablets ( B ), atazanavir ( C ), and Ritoataz tablets ( D ). All the HIV drugs significantly ( p ≤ 0.001 ***) inhibited the viability of HeLa cells in vitro when compared to the untreated control. “ns” indicates a non-significant effect.

Article Snippet: The Muse ® (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) assay kits (Muse ® Cell Cycle Assay, Muse ® Count and Viability Assay, Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay) and lopinavir were all purchased from Merck-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: In Vitro, Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors

doi: 10.3390/v16101622

Figure Lengend Snippet: Average % apoptosis in lopinavir ( A ), Aluvia ( B ), atazanavir ( C ), and Ritoataz ( D )-treated HeLa cells. HIV protease inhibitors and curcumin (40 μM) significantly ( p ≤ 0.01 **/ p ≤ 0.001 ***) induced apoptosis cell death in HeLa cells relative to the untreated control. “ns” indicates a non-significant effect.

Article Snippet: The Muse ® (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) assay kits (Muse ® Cell Cycle Assay, Muse ® Count and Viability Assay, Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay) and lopinavir were all purchased from Merck-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors

doi: 10.3390/v16101622

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical analysis of the total apoptosis induced by HIV-PIs in HeLa cells.

Article Snippet: The Muse ® (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) assay kits (Muse ® Cell Cycle Assay, Muse ® Count and Viability Assay, Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay) and lopinavir were all purchased from Merck-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors

doi: 10.3390/v16101622

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of lopinavir ( A ), Aluvia ( B ), atazanavir ( C ) and Ritoataz ( D ) on cell cycle progression. The solvent controls had no significant effect (ns) on the progression of the cell cycle in HeLa cells when compared to the untreated control. All the HIV protease inhibitors significantly ( p ≤ 0.01 ## / p ≤ 0.001 ### ) halted the cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase.

Article Snippet: The Muse ® (Merck-Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) assay kits (Muse ® Cell Cycle Assay, Muse ® Count and Viability Assay, Muse ® Annexin V and Dead Cell Assay) and lopinavir were all purchased from Merck-Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Solvent, Control