Journal: The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Article Title: Influence of Stereochemistry on the Bioactivation and Glucuronidation of 4-Ipomeanol

doi: 10.1124/jpet.118.249771

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chemical inhibition of ( R )- and ( S )-IPO glucuronidation in human liver and kidney microsomes Values represent the percentage of glucuronide remaining relative to a normalized control (100% glucuronide remaining in the absence of inhibitor) expressed as the mean ± S.D. of three replicates.

Article Snippet: Hecogenin and fluconazole were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX).

Techniques: Inhibition, Control

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Drug-dependent growth curve reshaping reveals mechanisms of antifungal resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03228-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a – d Drug-dependent shrinkage of the shaded area under growth curves (OD 600 ) upon exposure to ( a ) hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 ; ( b ) amphotericin B, AmB; ( c ) caspofungin, CASP; and ( d ) fluconazole, FLC. Here, the representative replicates are shown. For all replicates, see Supplementary Fig. . e Area under each growth curve (AUC) above starting population size, approximated by numerical integration via the trapezoid method with equally spaced 1-h intervals. Red circles represent individual data points. Error bars represent means and standard deviations calculated from AUC of three biological replicates. f Growth curve analysis by piecewise linear fits to ln(OD 600 ) versus time is exemplified by TBR1Δa in normal (N) and 0.8 μg/ml AmB drug-containing (D) medium. The circles and letters next to them (B1, B2, B3) indicate breakpoints identified by the piecewise linear fitting within each growth curve. The breakpoints divide the N curve into 2, and the D curve – into 4 phases: pregrowth, adaptation, regrowth, and stationary phase. To characterize growth curve reshaping, the slope (S) and duration (T) of each growth phase (Supplementary Fig. ) were calculated for all drug concentrations.

Article Snippet: Fluconazole (R&D Systems 3764) was diluted in distilled water and added to the growth media to final concentrations 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μg/ml, approximating the concentrations survived by candidiasis-inducing biofilms in clinical samples .

Techniques: