Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: A Novel Mouse c-fos Intronic Promoter That Responds to CREB and AP-1 Is Developmentally Regulated In Vivo

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011235

Figure Lengend Snippet: An extremely conserved region in c- fos first intron: evidence for a nested promoter. A. c- fos gene conservation profile between the mouse gene and 6 other indicated species (VISTA genome server). The baseline corresponds to 50% identity for human, pig and chicken genomes, and to 0% identity for xenopus, fugu, and zebrafish genomes in 100 bp windows. Peaks culminating at more than 70% identity (in 100 bp windows) are painted in pink by the software. Note that the 3′ half of first intron is more conserved than surrounding exons in the four top species. Confirmed start site for canonical mRNA and putative intronic mRNA appear respectively as blue and black broken arrows. A CpG island (green box) extends from the canonical promoter to the putative intronic promoter. Blue boxes represent exons, black mRNAs correspond to the putative mRNA starting in the conserved region and three ESTs previously sequenced and mapping to the same region (UCSC genome server). DNase I hypersensitive sites from Renz et al. are shown as black downward arrows. B. Nucleotide alignment of the most conserved part of c- fos first intron (from +619 to +849 relative to mouse canonical TSS) from 5 species (pig, human, mouse, chicken, xenopus). Asterisks depict nucleotides identical in all 5 species. Conservation culminates in motifs resembling a TRE, a CRE, and a TATA box (shown in blue). Red and green sequences respectively correspond to primers 1 and 2 used in figure 6 .

Article Snippet: RT was performed on 1 µg total RNA with 200 U superscript II enzyme (Invitrogen) and a c-fos exon2 primer (RT1, 5′-actagagacggacagatctg-3′ ) or random hexamers before DNase I (Roche) treatment and column purification (nucleospin, Macherey-Nagel).

Techniques: Software

Journal: JCI Insight

Article Title: Dual-wavelength photo-killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.134343

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dual-wavelength exposure of 460-nm + 405-nm light did not result in apoptosis of mouse skin cells. Representative images showing TUNEL-stained mouse skin sections for the detection of apoptotic cells resulting from the following treatments. ( A ) Zero hours after treatment with 460-nm light (342 J/cm 2 ) + 405-nm light (360 J/cm 2 ), ( B ) 24 hours after treatment with 460-nm light (342 J/cm 2 ) + 405-nm light (360 J/cm 2 ), ( C ) 48 hours after treatment with 460-nm light (342 J/cm 2 ) + 405-nm light (360 J/cm 2 ), and ( D ) no treatment. ( E ) A positive control treated with DNase I was also added. Florescence of fluorescein and DAPI are represented by green (indicative of fluorescein binding to damaged DNA) and blue (DAPI stain of intact nuclei) pseudo-color, respectively. DAPI is a nuclear counterstain. White circle indicates apoptotic cell indicated by green fluorescence. Scale bar: 250 μm.

Article Snippet: In addition, a section treated with DNase I (RQ1 RNAsefree DNase, Promega), which induces significant DNA damage, served as a positive control.

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Positive Control, Binding Assay, Fluorescence