Journal: Virology

Article Title: DDB1 is a cellular substrate of NS3/4A protease and required for hepatitis C virus replication.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. DDB1 interacts with and cleaved by NS3/4A. (A) DDB1 interacts with NS3/4A in overexpression system. The 293 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed with anti-Flag or control IgG. The immunoprecipitates were analyzed by immunoblot with anti-Flag anti-HA. The lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-HA. (B) Endogenous DDB1 interacts with NS3/4A in JFH-1 infected cells. Huh-7 cells (5 107) were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (Multiplicity of Infection, MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed with anti-DDB1 or control IgG. The immunoprecipitates were analyzed by immunoblot with anti-DDB1 and anti-NS3. The lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-NS3.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against Flag, HA, and b-actin (Sigma), HCV-NS3 (Abcam), HCV-Core(Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminus of DDB1 (Epitomics), rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of DDB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Proteintech Group); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG (Thermo); Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-human IgG, Alexa Fluor 532-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen); and the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950 (Selleck) were purchased from the indicated companies.

Techniques: Over Expression, Transfection, Control, Western Blot, Infection

Journal: Virology

Article Title: DDB1 is a cellular substrate of NS3/4A protease and required for hepatitis C virus replication.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. NS3/4A cleaves DDB1 at C378. (A) Cleavage of DDB1 by NS3/4A is inhibited by the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950. The 293 cells were transfected with N-terminal or C-terminal Flag-tagged DDB1 (N-Flag-DDB1 or DDB1-C-Flag respectively) and HA-NS3/4A. The transfected cells were treated with VX-950 (0.2 mM) or left untreated for 1 day before immunoblot analysis with anti-Flag or anti-HA. (B) Alignment of the junction sequences of NS proteins of HCV and the potential NS3/4A cleavage sites in TC-PTP, VISA, TRIF and DDB1. (C) NS3/4A cleaves DDB1 at C378. The 293 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids and cells lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-Flag or anti-HA. (D) DDB1 N-terminal cleavage product migrated similarly to overexpressed DDB1(1–378) mutant. The 293 cells were transfected with the indicated plasmids, treated with VX-950 or left untreated for 1 day before immunoblot analysis with with anti-Flag or anti-HA.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against Flag, HA, and b-actin (Sigma), HCV-NS3 (Abcam), HCV-Core(Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminus of DDB1 (Epitomics), rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of DDB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Proteintech Group); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG (Thermo); Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-human IgG, Alexa Fluor 532-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen); and the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950 (Selleck) were purchased from the indicated companies.

Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Mutagenesis

Journal: Virology

Article Title: DDB1 is a cellular substrate of NS3/4A protease and required for hepatitis C virus replication.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. DDB1 plays a critical role in HCV replication. (A) Overexpression of DDB1 potentiates HCV RNA replication. Huh-7 cells (1 106) were transfected with the indicated amounts of Flag-DDB1 plasmid for 24 h and then cells were split and mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Intracellular HCV RNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to cellular GAPDH mRNA levels. The uninfected cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-Flag or anti-b-actin. Graphs show mean7SD, n¼3. (B) Knockdown of DDB1 inhibits HCV RNA replication. Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Intracellular HCV RNA levels were then determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. The uninfected cells lysates were also analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-b-actin. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (C) Knockdown of DDB1 inhibits HCV protein expression. Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 for 3 days, and the cells were then analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 (red), and Hoechst (blue). (D) Knockdown of DDB1 inhibits production of infectious HCV particles. Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 for 24 h. The cells were completely washed and fresh complete medium was added for 48 h. The JFH-1 infected medium was collected and diluted for infection of Huh-7.5.1 cells. Three days later, cells were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 and HCV titers were calculated by counting positive stained cells foci. Graphs show mean7SD, n¼3. (E) Knockdown of DDB1 inhibits RNA replication of HCV subgenomic replicon. Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells and Huh-7 Con1 subgenomic replicon cells were cultured for 3 days. The cells (2 106) were collected and intracellular HCV RNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to cellular GAPDH mRNA levels. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-b-actin. Graphs show mean7SD, n¼3. (F) DDB1 has no effects on HCV entry. Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells were infected with HCVpp for 3 days (NC: Negative Control, HCVpp pakaging without HCV E1E2). The lysates of infected cells were assayed by luciferase reporter assays and immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-b-actin. Graphs show mean7SD, n¼3. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against Flag, HA, and b-actin (Sigma), HCV-NS3 (Abcam), HCV-Core(Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminus of DDB1 (Epitomics), rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of DDB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Proteintech Group); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG (Thermo); Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-human IgG, Alexa Fluor 532-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen); and the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950 (Selleck) were purchased from the indicated companies.

Techniques: Over Expression, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Knockdown, Control, Expressing, Staining, Cell Culture, Negative Control, Luciferase

Journal: Virology

Article Title: DDB1 is a cellular substrate of NS3/4A protease and required for hepatitis C virus replication.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. DDB1 cleavage is required for HCV replication. (A) The indicated stable cell lines were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Intracellular HCV RNA levels were then determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. The uninfected cells lysates were also analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-b-actin. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (B) The indicated stable cells were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. The cells were then analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 (red), and Hoechst (blue). (C) The indicated stable cell lines were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 24 h. The cells were completely washed and fresh medium was added for 48 h. The JFH-1-containing medium was collected and diluted for infection of Huh-7.5.1 cells. Three days later, cells were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 and HCV titers were calculated by counting positive stained cells foci. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (D) Control or DDB1-RNAi knockdown Huh-7 cells were stably transduced with empty vector, DDB1, DDB1(C378R), off-target nonsense mutants of DDB1 or DDB1(C378R) respectively. Two days later, cells were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Intracellular HCV RNA levels were then determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. The cells lysates were also analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-actin. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against Flag, HA, and b-actin (Sigma), HCV-NS3 (Abcam), HCV-Core(Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminus of DDB1 (Epitomics), rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of DDB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Proteintech Group); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG (Thermo); Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-human IgG, Alexa Fluor 532-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen); and the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950 (Selleck) were purchased from the indicated companies.

Techniques: Stable Transfection, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Staining, Control, Knockdown, Transduction, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Virology

Article Title: DDB1 is a cellular substrate of NS3/4A protease and required for hepatitis C virus replication.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.025

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. DDB1 cleavage products do not affect the HCV infection. (A) Huh-7 cells stably transduced with the indicated DDB1 truncation mutants were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. Intracellular HCV RNA levels were then determined by RT-qPCR and normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels. The uninfected cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblots with anti-DDB1 or anti-b-actin. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (B) Huh-7 cells stably transduced with the indicated DDB1 truncation mutants were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 3 days. The cells were then analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 (red), and Hoechst (blue). (C) Huh-7 cells stably transduced with the indicated DDB1 truncation mutants were mock-infected or infected with JFH-1 (MOI: 0.3) for 24 h. The cells were completely washed and fresh complete medium was added for 48 h. The JFH-1 infected medium was collected and diluted for infection of Huh-7.5.1 cells. Three days later, cells were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining with anti-E2 and HCV titers were calculated by counting positive stained cells foci. Graphs show meanþSD, n¼3. (D–F) Control or DDB1-RNAi-#1 (targeted sequence is within the cDNA fragment encoding aa379–1140) transduced Huh-7 cells were further transfected with empty vector, Flag-DDB1(1–378), Flag-DDB1(379–1140*) (*, a RNAi off-target mutant),or a combination of Flag-DDB1(1–378) and Flag-DDB1(379–1140*) by Lipofectamine 2000. One day post transfection, the cells were split and mock infected or infected with JFH-1(MOI: 0.3) for 3 (D, E) or 1 (F) day. Intracellular HCV RNA levels (D), intracellular viral particles (E), or viral titers in the medium (F) were then determined as described in (A–C). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against Flag, HA, and b-actin (Sigma), HCV-NS3 (Abcam), HCV-Core(Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminus of DDB1 (Epitomics), rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the N-terminus of DDB1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Proteintech Group); horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG (Thermo); Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated anti-human IgG, Alexa Fluor 532-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; Hoechst 33258 (Invitrogen); and the NS3/4A inhibitor VX-950 (Selleck) were purchased from the indicated companies.

Techniques: Infection, Stable Transfection, Transduction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Staining, Control, Sequencing, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Mutagenesis

Journal: Acta neuropathologica

Article Title: Transportin 1 accumulates specifically with FET proteins but no other transportin cargos in FTLD-FUS and is absent in FUS inclusions in ALS with FUS mutations.

doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-1020-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Co-localization of Trn1 and FUS in all FTLD-FUS subtypes. Double-label immunofluorescence for FUS (red) and Trn1 (green), with DAPI staining of nuclei in the merged images. FUS-positive inclusions in all FTLD-FUS subtypes consistently showed co-localization of FUS and Trn1, as shown for neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) and neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII, arrow in a) in the dentate granule cells in aFTLD-U (a), NCI in the temporal cortex of NIFID (b) and NCI and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal cord of BIBD (c). Scale bar 10 lm

Article Snippet: Table 3 Trn1 cargo proteins with PY-NLS investigated in FTLD-FUS Protein name Antibody Physiological staining pattern Inclusions in FTLD-FUS Company Dilution Type FUS ProteinTech Group (60160-1-Ig) 1:1,000 MM nucl pos Sigma (HPA008784) 1:2,000 RP nucl pos TAF15 Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00094-1) 1:200 RP nucl pos EWS Santa Cruz (clone G5) 1:200 MM nucl [ cyto pos Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00086) 1:200 RP nucl [ cyto pos hnRNP A1 Santa Cruz (clone 4B10) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP A0 Abcam (ab66661) 1:100 RP nucl neg hnRNP A2/B1 Sigma-Aldrich (clone DP3B3) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP M3/M4 Santa Cruz (clone 2A6) 1:250 MM nucl neg hnRNP D ProteinTech Group (12770-1-AP) 1:500 RP nucl neg hnRNP H1 ProteinTech Group (14774-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg PQBP-1 ProteinTech Group (16264-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SAM68 ProteinTech Group (10222-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SLM-2 ProteinTech Group (13563-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg HEXIM1 ProteinTech Group (15676-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg RBM39 ProteinTech Group (21339-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg HuR Santa Cruz (clone 3A2) 1:250 MM nucl neg PABPN1 Abcam (EP3000Y) 1:1,000 RM nucl neg Cyto cytoplasmatic, MM mouse monoclonal, nucl nuclear, pos positive, RP rabbit polyclonal, RM rabbit monoclonal, neg negative Trn1 staining in neurological controls The normal and neurological control cases did not reveal Trn1 immunoreactive pathology with one exception (Table 2).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Acta neuropathologica

Article Title: Transportin 1 accumulates specifically with FET proteins but no other transportin cargos in FTLD-FUS and is absent in FUS inclusions in ALS with FUS mutations.

doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-1020-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Absence of Trn1 pathology in ALS-FUS. Double-label immuno- fluorescence for FUS (red) and Trn1 (green), with DAPI staining of nuclei in the merged images. FUS-positive inclusions in ALS-FUS were not labeled for Trn1 as shown for neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal cord for three different FUS mutations (a–c). Note the physiological nuclear staining for Trn1 in inclusion bearing cells. FUS-positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions present in a subset of ALS-FUS cases also showed no co-labeling for Trn1 (arrow in a). Scale bar 10 lm

Article Snippet: Table 3 Trn1 cargo proteins with PY-NLS investigated in FTLD-FUS Protein name Antibody Physiological staining pattern Inclusions in FTLD-FUS Company Dilution Type FUS ProteinTech Group (60160-1-Ig) 1:1,000 MM nucl pos Sigma (HPA008784) 1:2,000 RP nucl pos TAF15 Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00094-1) 1:200 RP nucl pos EWS Santa Cruz (clone G5) 1:200 MM nucl [ cyto pos Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00086) 1:200 RP nucl [ cyto pos hnRNP A1 Santa Cruz (clone 4B10) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP A0 Abcam (ab66661) 1:100 RP nucl neg hnRNP A2/B1 Sigma-Aldrich (clone DP3B3) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP M3/M4 Santa Cruz (clone 2A6) 1:250 MM nucl neg hnRNP D ProteinTech Group (12770-1-AP) 1:500 RP nucl neg hnRNP H1 ProteinTech Group (14774-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg PQBP-1 ProteinTech Group (16264-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SAM68 ProteinTech Group (10222-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SLM-2 ProteinTech Group (13563-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg HEXIM1 ProteinTech Group (15676-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg RBM39 ProteinTech Group (21339-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg HuR Santa Cruz (clone 3A2) 1:250 MM nucl neg PABPN1 Abcam (EP3000Y) 1:1,000 RM nucl neg Cyto cytoplasmatic, MM mouse monoclonal, nucl nuclear, pos positive, RP rabbit polyclonal, RM rabbit monoclonal, neg negative Trn1 staining in neurological controls The normal and neurological control cases did not reveal Trn1 immunoreactive pathology with one exception (Table 2).

Techniques: Staining, Labeling

Journal: Acta neuropathologica

Article Title: Transportin 1 accumulates specifically with FET proteins but no other transportin cargos in FTLD-FUS and is absent in FUS inclusions in ALS with FUS mutations.

doi: 10.1007/s00401-012-1020-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Absence of selected other Trn1 cargos (hnRNP A1, SAM68 and PABPN1) in FTLD-FUS. Double-label immunofluorescence for FUS (red) and other Trn1 cargos with PY-NLS (hnRNP A1, SAM68 and PABPN1, respectively, green) with DAPI staining of nuclei in the merged images in FTLD-FUS. FUS-positive inclusions in FTLD-FUS as shown here in the dentate gyrus of aFTLD-U were not labeled for hnRNP A1 (a), SAM68 (b) and PABPN1 (c). Scale bar 10 lm

Article Snippet: Table 3 Trn1 cargo proteins with PY-NLS investigated in FTLD-FUS Protein name Antibody Physiological staining pattern Inclusions in FTLD-FUS Company Dilution Type FUS ProteinTech Group (60160-1-Ig) 1:1,000 MM nucl pos Sigma (HPA008784) 1:2,000 RP nucl pos TAF15 Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00094-1) 1:200 RP nucl pos EWS Santa Cruz (clone G5) 1:200 MM nucl [ cyto pos Bethyl Laboratories (IHC-00086) 1:200 RP nucl [ cyto pos hnRNP A1 Santa Cruz (clone 4B10) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP A0 Abcam (ab66661) 1:100 RP nucl neg hnRNP A2/B1 Sigma-Aldrich (clone DP3B3) 1:500 MM nucl neg hnRNP M3/M4 Santa Cruz (clone 2A6) 1:250 MM nucl neg hnRNP D ProteinTech Group (12770-1-AP) 1:500 RP nucl neg hnRNP H1 ProteinTech Group (14774-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg PQBP-1 ProteinTech Group (16264-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SAM68 ProteinTech Group (10222-1-AP) 1:250 RP nucl neg SLM-2 ProteinTech Group (13563-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg HEXIM1 ProteinTech Group (15676-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl neg RBM39 ProteinTech Group (21339-1-AP) 1:50 RP nucl [ cyto neg HuR Santa Cruz (clone 3A2) 1:250 MM nucl neg PABPN1 Abcam (EP3000Y) 1:1,000 RM nucl neg Cyto cytoplasmatic, MM mouse monoclonal, nucl nuclear, pos positive, RP rabbit polyclonal, RM rabbit monoclonal, neg negative Trn1 staining in neurological controls The normal and neurological control cases did not reveal Trn1 immunoreactive pathology with one exception (Table 2).

Techniques: Staining, Labeling

Journal: Brain research

Article Title: Rodent models of TDP-43: Recent advances

doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Rodent models of wild type or ALS-linked mutant TDP-43.

Article Snippet: TDP-43 fragments [antibody used] , 25 and 35 kDa fragments (detergent-soluble) in 1–2 months and older mice [Proteintech 10782-2-AP, anti-body to TDP-43N-260aa] , , Some low molecular weight fragments in spinal cord homogenate and cytosolic fractions [Proteintech 10782-2-AP, antibody to TDP-43N-260aa] , Low molecular weight fragments in spinal cord homogenate and cytosolic fractions [Proteintech 10782-2-AP, antibody to TDP-43N-260aa] , 25 and 35 kDa fragments in brain and spinal cord extract from hemizygous and homozygous mice [Proteintech 12892-1-AP, antibody to TDP-43 260aa-C] , 25 and 35 kDa fragments in brain lysates from nontransgenic, hemizygous, and homozygous mice [Proteintech 12892-1-AP, antibody to TDP-43 260aa-C].

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Expressing, Staining, Molecular Weight