cd29 Search Results


93
Miltenyi Biotec β1 detection
Fig. 1. Protein microarray biosensor development. (A) Scheme of the
β1 Detection, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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R&D Systems b1 integrin blocking antibody mab17781
Fig. 1. Protein microarray biosensor development. (A) Scheme of the
B1 Integrin Blocking Antibody Mab17781, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Novus Biologicals mouse monoclonal anti β1 integrin p4c10
Fig. 1. Protein microarray biosensor development. (A) Scheme of the
Mouse Monoclonal Anti β1 Integrin P4c10, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 92/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Elabscience Biotechnology cd29
Characterization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). (A) Morphology of fourth-generation hUCMSCs under light microscope, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnification is 10×. (B, C) Detection of multidirectional differentiation potential (B into chondrogenic differentiation, C into adipogenic differentiation) characteristic of hUCMSCs, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnifications are 10×. (D-I) Flow cytometry detection of positive markers <t>(CD29,</t> CD105, CD90, CD44) and negative markers (CD45, CD34) characteristic of human umbilical cord MSCs.
Cd29, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/PE+Anti-Human+CD29+Antibody/pmc12122250-29-12-17
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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Elabscience Biotechnology cd29 positive
Characterization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). (A) Morphology of fourth-generation hUCMSCs under light microscope, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnification is 10×. (B, C) Detection of multidirectional differentiation potential (B into chondrogenic differentiation, C into adipogenic differentiation) characteristic of hUCMSCs, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnifications are 10×. (D-I) Flow cytometry detection of positive markers <t>(CD29,</t> CD105, CD90, CD44) and negative markers (CD45, CD34) characteristic of human umbilical cord MSCs.
Cd29 Positive, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/PE+Anti-Mouse%2FRat+CD29+Antibody/pm41255240-324-11-14
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Novus Biologicals antibody anti integrin β1 cd29
Characterization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). (A) Morphology of fourth-generation hUCMSCs under light microscope, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnification is 10×. (B, C) Detection of multidirectional differentiation potential (B into chondrogenic differentiation, C into adipogenic differentiation) characteristic of hUCMSCs, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnifications are 10×. (D-I) Flow cytometry detection of positive markers <t>(CD29,</t> CD105, CD90, CD44) and negative markers (CD45, CD34) characteristic of human umbilical cord MSCs.
Antibody Anti Integrin β1 Cd29, supplied by Novus Biologicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/Integrin+beta+1%2FCD29+Antibody+(P4C10)+-+BSA+Free/10__7554_slash_elife__86931-390-154-161
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Bio-Rad cd29
Surface marker expression of in-vitro aging MSCs. MSCs were cultivated with either DMEM-based ( a ) or αMEM-based ( b ) expansion media and were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of specific MSC positive (Stro-1, <t>CD29,</t> CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD 146) and negative (CD34, CD45) surface antigens. n = 4–6; * p < 0.05, versus the corresponding P8-MSCs cultured under the same expansion condition within the same surface marker analysis. αMEM, minimum essential medium alpha; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
Cd29, supplied by Bio-Rad, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/Mouse+anti+Human+CD29/pmc05948736-58-15-26
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96
Proteintech integrin β1
Fig. 5. Expression changes of key GBM proteins and their response to FN1 Variants in TBMN. Immunofluorescence experiments assessed the expression of Laminin α5β2, COL4A3/4/5 and <t>Integrin</t> <t>β1</t> in the GBM. The findings revealed non-homogeneous linear structure expression of these key GBM proteins in the presence of FN1 variants, indicating their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of TBMN. HC = healthy control.
Integrin β1, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/Integrin+beta-1+Antibody/pm39368581-88-16-20
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93
MedChemExpress integrin β1
The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including <t>Integrin</t> <t>β1,</t> Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.
Integrin β1, supplied by MedChemExpress, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/Integrin+beta+1+Antibody/pmc12264616-125-60-62
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Miltenyi Biotec hms1 1
The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including <t>Integrin</t> <t>β1,</t> Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.
Hms1 1, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/CD29+Antibody%2C+anti-mouse/pmc06760463-0-4-8
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R&D Systems pab anti 1
The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including <t>Integrin</t> <t>β1,</t> Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.
Pab Anti 1, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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R&D Systems e cadherin antibody
The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including <t>Integrin</t> <t>β1,</t> Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.
E Cadherin Antibody, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/cd29/Mouse+Integrin+beta+1%2FCD29+Antibody/pmc09113222-295-21-30
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Image Search Results


Fig. 1. Protein microarray biosensor development. (A) Scheme of the

Journal: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Article Title: Extracellular matrix protein microarray-based biosensor with single cell resolution: Integrin profiling and characterization of cell-biomaterial interactions

doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.126954

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Protein microarray biosensor development. (A) Scheme of the

Article Snippet: A suspension of 106 cells was dyed for 10 min at 4 oC in the dark with human CD29-PEVIO770 antibodies for β1 detection (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. No: 130-101-281) and human CD51/CD61-APC antibodies for αvβ3 determination (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. No: 130-103-745) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Microarray

Characterization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). (A) Morphology of fourth-generation hUCMSCs under light microscope, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnification is 10×. (B, C) Detection of multidirectional differentiation potential (B into chondrogenic differentiation, C into adipogenic differentiation) characteristic of hUCMSCs, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnifications are 10×. (D-I) Flow cytometry detection of positive markers (CD29, CD105, CD90, CD44) and negative markers (CD45, CD34) characteristic of human umbilical cord MSCs.

Journal: International Journal of Stem Cells

Article Title: Collagen Scaffold Augments the Therapeutic Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Adhesion

doi: 10.15283/ijsc24079

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). (A) Morphology of fourth-generation hUCMSCs under light microscope, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnification is 10×. (B, C) Detection of multidirectional differentiation potential (B into chondrogenic differentiation, C into adipogenic differentiation) characteristic of hUCMSCs, red arrows represent the typical parts, the magnifications are 10×. (D-I) Flow cytometry detection of positive markers (CD29, CD105, CD90, CD44) and negative markers (CD45, CD34) characteristic of human umbilical cord MSCs.

Article Snippet: The cells were incubated with 5 μL of antihuman CD105, CD34, CD45, CD29, CD44, and CD90 antibodies (Elabscience) in the dark for 30 minutes.

Techniques: Light Microscopy, Flow Cytometry

Surface marker expression of in-vitro aging MSCs. MSCs were cultivated with either DMEM-based ( a ) or αMEM-based ( b ) expansion media and were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of specific MSC positive (Stro-1, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD 146) and negative (CD34, CD45) surface antigens. n = 4–6; * p < 0.05, versus the corresponding P8-MSCs cultured under the same expansion condition within the same surface marker analysis. αMEM, minimum essential medium alpha; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

Journal: Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Article Title: Changes in phenotype and differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells aging in vitro

doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-0876-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Surface marker expression of in-vitro aging MSCs. MSCs were cultivated with either DMEM-based ( a ) or αMEM-based ( b ) expansion media and were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of specific MSC positive (Stro-1, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD 146) and negative (CD34, CD45) surface antigens. n = 4–6; * p < 0.05, versus the corresponding P8-MSCs cultured under the same expansion condition within the same surface marker analysis. αMEM, minimum essential medium alpha; DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

Article Snippet: Specifically, antibodies against Stro-1 (ab190282) and CD73 (ab106677) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); CD29 (MCA1949A647), CD34 (MCA547PE), CD44 (MCA89PE), and CD106 (MCA907F) were from Bio-Rad (Kidlington, Oxford, UK); and CD45, CD90, CD105, and CD146 (FM002) were from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Marker, Expressing, In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Modification

Fig. 5. Expression changes of key GBM proteins and their response to FN1 Variants in TBMN. Immunofluorescence experiments assessed the expression of Laminin α5β2, COL4A3/4/5 and Integrin β1 in the GBM. The findings revealed non-homogeneous linear structure expression of these key GBM proteins in the presence of FN1 variants, indicating their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of TBMN. HC = healthy control.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules

Article Title: Aberrant serum-derived FN1 variants bind to integrin β1 on glomerular endothelial cells contributing to thin basement membrane nephropathy.

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136282

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. Expression changes of key GBM proteins and their response to FN1 Variants in TBMN. Immunofluorescence experiments assessed the expression of Laminin α5β2, COL4A3/4/5 and Integrin β1 in the GBM. The findings revealed non-homogeneous linear structure expression of these key GBM proteins in the presence of FN1 variants, indicating their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of TBMN. HC = healthy control.

Article Snippet: Incubating primary antibodies overnight at 4 ◦C, with specific primary antibodies against HA (1:2000, ab9110, Abcam), Integrin β1 (1:1000, 12,594–1-AP, Proteintech), β-tubulin (1:3000, ab0039, Abways), Laminin α5 (1:1000, ab210957, Abcam), Laminin β2 (1:1000, ab210956, Abcam), Laminin γ1 (1:1000, ab233389, Abcam) in Tris-Buffered Saline Tween-20 (TBST) containing 5 % skim milk.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Control

Fig. 6. Abnormal co-localization of FN1 variants with Integrin β1 and its impact on other GBM components. Immunofluorescence studies investigated the rela tionship between FN1 variants and the expression patterns of GBM components. The findings reveal abnormal co-localization of FN1 variants with Integrin β1, accompanied by reduced co-localization of other GBM components. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules

Article Title: Aberrant serum-derived FN1 variants bind to integrin β1 on glomerular endothelial cells contributing to thin basement membrane nephropathy.

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136282

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Abnormal co-localization of FN1 variants with Integrin β1 and its impact on other GBM components. Immunofluorescence studies investigated the rela tionship between FN1 variants and the expression patterns of GBM components. The findings reveal abnormal co-localization of FN1 variants with Integrin β1, accompanied by reduced co-localization of other GBM components. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Incubating primary antibodies overnight at 4 ◦C, with specific primary antibodies against HA (1:2000, ab9110, Abcam), Integrin β1 (1:1000, 12,594–1-AP, Proteintech), β-tubulin (1:3000, ab0039, Abways), Laminin α5 (1:1000, ab210957, Abcam), Laminin β2 (1:1000, ab210956, Abcam), Laminin γ1 (1:1000, ab233389, Abcam) in Tris-Buffered Saline Tween-20 (TBST) containing 5 % skim milk.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Fig. 7. Competitive Binding of FN1 Variants to Integrin β1. (A and B) Duolink proximity ligation assay and Co-IP were employed to analyze the protein interaction between FN1 variants and Integrin β1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Journal: International journal of biological macromolecules

Article Title: Aberrant serum-derived FN1 variants bind to integrin β1 on glomerular endothelial cells contributing to thin basement membrane nephropathy.

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136282

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Competitive Binding of FN1 Variants to Integrin β1. (A and B) Duolink proximity ligation assay and Co-IP were employed to analyze the protein interaction between FN1 variants and Integrin β1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Incubating primary antibodies overnight at 4 ◦C, with specific primary antibodies against HA (1:2000, ab9110, Abcam), Integrin β1 (1:1000, 12,594–1-AP, Proteintech), β-tubulin (1:3000, ab0039, Abways), Laminin α5 (1:1000, ab210957, Abcam), Laminin β2 (1:1000, ab210956, Abcam), Laminin γ1 (1:1000, ab233389, Abcam) in Tris-Buffered Saline Tween-20 (TBST) containing 5 % skim milk.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Proximity Ligation Assay, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay

The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including Integrin β1, Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: A biomimetic multimodal nanoplatform combining neutrophil-coated two-dimensional metalloporphyrinic framework nanosheet and exendin-4 to treat obesity-related osteoporosis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102009

Figure Lengend Snippet: The characterization of DPA@NM@CTZE. (A) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of CTZ. Scale bar: 100 μm. ( B-C ) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of CTZ and NM@CTZE. Scale bar: 50 nm, 100 nm, 50 nm. ( D ) Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of CTZ. Scale bar: 2.5 μm. ( E ) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) employed to investigate the surface chemical states of various elements in CTZ. ( F ) X-ray diffraction (XRD) utilized to examine the characteristic diffraction peaks of CTZ. ( G ) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the molecular structure of DPA. ( H ) The effectiveness of NM@CTZE synthesis was evaluated through Zeta potential analysis. ( I ) The trend in Zeta potential variation following CTZ loading in Ex-4 was investigated. ( J ) The expression levels of key membrane proteins, including Integrin β1, Integrin β2, and CXCR2, on the surface of NM were analyzed using WB. ( K ) The ROS responsiveness of DPA@NM@CTZE was assessed. Data are presented as Mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, n = 3.

Article Snippet: WB using antibodies including: TET2 (Abcam, USA), COL1A1 (Collagen I, Abcam, UK), RUNX2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2, CST, USA), PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1, Bioss, China), Parkin (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin, Servicebio, China), LC3B (Light Chain 3, Abmart, China), ATG4B (Autophagy Related 4B Cysteine Peptidase, Proteintech, China), BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma-2, Abmart, China), BECN1 (Beclin-1, Abmart, China), ACTB (Beyotime, China), Integrin β1 (MCE, USA), Integrin β2 (Bio-Techne, USA), CXCR2 (Proteintech, China), HRP-labeled Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L) (Beyotime, China), HRP-labeled Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H + L) (Beyotime, China), KEAP1 (Kelch Like ECH Associated Protein 1, Proteintech, China),NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Proteintech, China).

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Expressing, Membrane