Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Leaves of Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum and Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9040207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of essential oils from P. trimera and L. littoralis against representatives of ssRNA + (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV- B4), ssRNA − (RSV, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses.

Article Snippet: MT-4 cells (CD4+ human T cells containing an integrated HTLV-1 genome) were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI-1640) medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 units/mL penicillin G, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin; Madin Darby Bovine Kidneys (MDBK) (ATCC CCL 22 (NBL-1) Bos taurus) were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium with Earle’s salts (MEM-E), L-glutamine, 1mM sodium pyruvate and 25mg/L kanamycin, supplemented with 10% horse serum; Baby Hamster Kidneys (BHK-21) (ATCC CCL 10 (C-13) Mesocricetus auratus) were cultured in (MEM-E), L-glutamine, 1mM sodium pyruvate and 25 mg/L kanamycin, supplemented with 10% FBS; and Monkey kidneys (Vero-76) (ATCC CRL 1587 Cercopithecus Aethiops) were cultured in in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (D-MEM) with L-glutamine and 25 mg/L kanamycin, supplemented with 10% FBS.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Virus

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Species-specific gB ectodomain interactions and cytoplasmic domain stability regulate herpes simplex virus fusion

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03424-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell surface expression of HSV-1 and SaHV-1 gB. ( A ) CHO-K1 cells were transfected overnight with plasmids encoding WT or Flag-tagged HSV-1 or SaHV-1 gB or empty vector. Cell surface gB expression was detected by adding a polyclonal anti-HSV-1 gB antibody (R74) or a monoclonal anti-Flag antibody (F1804 M2), followed by fixative and secondary antibody. ( B ) CHO-K1 cells were transfected overnight with plasmids encoding WT gB, gB chimeras, or an empty vector. Cell surface gB expression was detected by adding an R74 PAb, followed by fixative and secondary antibody. Each bar shows the mean and standard deviation of three independent experiments. Background signals from the vector-only control were subtracted from the values. Data are normalized to the expression level of HSV-1 gB. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test (ns [not significant] P ≥ 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001), with HSV-1 gB as reference.

Article Snippet: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) (ATCC, USA) cells were grown in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS.

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Species-specific gB ectodomain interactions and cytoplasmic domain stability regulate herpes simplex virus fusion

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03424-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell-cell fusion activity of HSV-1 and SaHV-1 gB chimeras with nectin-1. One set of CHO-K1 cells (effector cells) was transfected with plasmids encoding a version of gB (WT, chimera, or empty vector), gD, gH, and gL from either HSV-1 (filled bars) or SaHV-1 (open bars), and T7 polymerase. A second set of CHO-K1 cells (target cells) was transfected with plasmids carrying the luciferase gene under the control of the T7 promoter and nectin-1 receptor. Target and effector cells were cocultured for 18 hours, and luciferase activity was measured as an indication of cell-cell fusion. Data are expressed as a percentage of fusion mediated by WT HSV-1 gB for the HSV-1 gD and gH/gL samples (filled bars) or WT SaHV-1 gB for the SaHV-1 gD and gH/gL samples (open bars). Background fusion detected after transfection with the vector instead of gB was subtracted from the values. Means and standard deviations of the results of three independent experiments are shown. Bars are numbered for reference. The regions that were swapped are noted below the reciprocal chimera pairs. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test (ns [not significant] P ≥ 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) (ATCC, USA) cells were grown in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Control

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Species-specific gB ectodomain interactions and cytoplasmic domain stability regulate herpes simplex virus fusion

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03424-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell-cell fusion activity of HSV-1 and SaHV-1 gB chimeras with CD155 or HVEM. Effector CHO-K1 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding a version of gB (WT, chimera, or empty vector), gD, gH, and gL from either HSV-1 (filled bars) or SaHV-1 (open bars), and T7 polymerase. Target cells were transfected with plasmids carrying the luciferase gene under the control of the T7 promoter and CD155 ( A ) or HVEM ( B ) receptor. Cells were cocultured, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are shown as a percentage of WT SaHV-1 gB (for CD155) or WT HSV-1 gB (for HVEM), following subtraction of vector-only background signal. Means and standard deviations of the results of three independent experiments are shown. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test with WT SaHV-1 ( A ) or WT HSV-1 ( B ) conditions as reference (** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) (ATCC, USA) cells were grown in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Control

Journal: mBio

Article Title: Species-specific gB ectodomain interactions and cytoplasmic domain stability regulate herpes simplex virus fusion

doi: 10.1128/mbio.03424-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hyperfusogenic gB chimeras retain dependence on gD and gH/gL. Effector CHO-K1 cells were transfected with plasmids encoding a version of gB (WT, S1 or S2 chimera, or empty vector), gD, and/or gH and gL from either HSV-1 (filled bars) or SaHV-1 (open bars), and T7 polymerase. Target cells were transfected with plasmids carrying the luciferase gene under the control of the T7 promoter and nectin-1. Cells were cocultured, and luciferase activity was measured. Data are shown as a percentage of WT HSV-1 (filled bars) or WT SaHV-1 (open bars) fusion, following subtraction of vector-only background signal. Means and standard deviations of the results of three independent experiments are shown. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t -test with WT SaHV-1 conditions as reference (*** P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) (ATCC, USA) cells were grown in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10% FBS.

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Control, Activity Assay