Journal: Addiction biology

Article Title: Endocannabinoid contributions to alcohol habits and motivation: relevance to treatment

doi: 10.1111/adb.12768

Figure Lengend Snippet: Habitual alcohol seeking responses depend on endocannabinoid system integrity a. Active response rate (left axis) and earned ethanol (g/kg, right axis) across operant ethanol training b. Active response rate during contingency degradation testing with AM404, AM251, and vehicle treatment within-subjects, n=15. Main effect of session: χ 2 = 20.4, p

Article Snippet: This suggests that AM404 does not increase endocannabinoid levels in the synapse within the context of ethanol self-administration.

Techniques:

Journal: Addiction biology

Article Title: Endocannabinoid contributions to alcohol habits and motivation: relevance to treatment

doi: 10.1111/adb.12768

Figure Lengend Snippet: AM404 reduces habitual responding for alcohol in mice that are insensitive to devaluation a. Active response rate (left axis) and earned ethanol (g/kg, right axis) across operant ethanol training b. Active response rate during contingency degradation testing with AM404 and vehicle treatment within-subjects, n=23. Main effect of session: χ 2 = 50.6, p

Article Snippet: This suggests that AM404 does not increase endocannabinoid levels in the synapse within the context of ethanol self-administration.

Techniques: Mouse Assay

Journal: JCI Insight

Article Title: Striatal TRPV1 activation by acetaminophen ameliorates dopamine D2 receptor antagonist–induced orofacial dyskinesia

doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.145632

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of intracerebral AM404 on haloperidol-induced VCMs in rodents. ( A ) Rats ( n = 5–7 per group) were treated daily with oral haloperidol (1 mg/kg/d) for 21 days and received AM404 (0, 10, or 50 nmol) via intracerebroventricular injection at 23 hours after the last administration of haloperidol. The number of VCMs was measured for 3 minutes starting 30 minutes after the administration of AM404. After the experiment, the injection sites were confirmed by injecting Evans blue through the same cannula. A representative image of consecutive coronal sections is shown (43 mm wide in actual size). Individual data are shown with the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was tested using 1-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test. * P

Article Snippet: AM404 was dissolved in 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted with saline.

Techniques: Injection

Journal: JCI Insight

Article Title: Striatal TRPV1 activation by acetaminophen ameliorates dopamine D2 receptor antagonist–induced orofacial dyskinesia

doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.145632

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of the dorsal striatal injection of AM404 and capsaicin on haloperidol-induced VCMs in WT and TRPV1-KO mice. WT and TRPV1-KO mice were treated daily with orally administrated haloperidol (2 mg/kg/d) for 21 days. On day 22, after VCMs were counted for 5 minutes as an initial baseline, half of the mice received vehicle (group 1), and the rest received AM404 (1 pmol/side) or capsaicin (10 ng/side) (group 2) through a preimplanted cannula in the dorsal striatum. Five minutes later, the number of VCMs was counted for another 5 minutes to determine the effect of the injected drug. The daily haloperidol treatment was continued for 4 more days; on day 26, the second set of VCM measurements was performed in a crossover design, with AM404 or capsaicin injection in group 1 and vehicle injection in group 2. ( A and B ) Effects of the dorsal striatal injection of AM404 on haloperidol-induced VCMs ( n = 9 per group). ( C and D ) Effects of the dorsal striatal injection of capsaicin on haloperidol-induced VCMs ( n = 7 per group). Changes in the number of VCMs are represented for individual mice on days 22 and 26 as percentages of the baseline VCM count. Open and filled circles indicate the results from groups 1 and 2, respectively. Statistical significance was tested using repeated measures 2-way ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons; * P

Article Snippet: AM404 was dissolved in 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted with saline.

Techniques: Injection, Mouse Assay