Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Nanoparticle-assembled bioadhesive coacervate coating with prolonged gastrointestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27463-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b The bioadhesive NPA 2 coacervate delivered via oral gavage adhered to the GI tract of SD rats for at least 2 days, whereas the control nonadhesive NPA 3 coacervate showed short retention in the GI tract. c , d NPA 2 coacervate has a high Dex-P encapsulation efficiency because of the hydrophobic component of its structure. n = 6 independent encapsulation tests. e NPA 2 coacervate mediated sustained release of preloaded Dex-P over several days in vitro. f Dex-P-laden NPA 2 coacervate delivered by oral gavage better sustained the serum Dex concentration at the lower therapeutic level compared with that of the oral gavage of Dex-P aqueous solution (Dex-P/PBS) in vivo. n = 3 biologically independent rats per group. g , h The condensed hydrophobic environment of NPA 2 coacervate as revealed by an increased catechol oxidation potential (E 0 ) of 0.596 V, facilitated the sustained release of a wide array of water-soluble small-molecular drugs including antibiotic metronidazole, anti-inflammatory 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), and immunoregulatory methotrexate disodium salt (MTX). Data were presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t -test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file for Fig. .

Article Snippet: We have also tried to treat DSS-induced colitic rats with the equivalent amount of Dex-P (1.15 mg, MCE, USA) in PBS (Dex-P/PBS) via enema on days 1, 3, and 5.

Techniques: In Vitro, Concentration Assay, In Vivo, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Nanoparticle-assembled bioadhesive coacervate coating with prolonged gastrointestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27463-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b SD rats were given 4.5% DSS in drinking water to induce acute colitis. The colitic rats received oral gavages of Dex-P-laden NPA 2 coacervates (Dex-P/NPA 2 ) or the equivalent amount of Dex-P in PBS (Dex-P/PBS) on days 1, 3, and 5. Untreated colitic SD rats were used as the negative control (Control). All SD rats were sacrificed on day 7. c , d Colonic edema and diarrhea caused by DSS-induced colitis in SD rats receiving Dex-P/NPA 2 were significantly relieved compared with that of the untreated colitic SD rats (Control) and colitic SD rats receiving Dex-P in PBS (Dex-P/PBS). n = 6 biologically independent rats per group. Scale bar: 10 mm. e Representative images of H&E staining demonstrated that histological inflammation was diminished in the colitic SD rats receiving Dex-P/NPA 2 , while histological damages were observed in untreated colitic SD rats (Control) or colitic SD rats receiving Dex-P/PBS. Scale bar: 150 μm. f – i On day 7, colon tissues were analyzed for histopathology score f , MPO activity g , mRNA levels of tight junction-associated proteins including ZO-1 and occludin-1 h , and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin IL - 1β and TNF i . Data were presented as mean ± SD. n = 6 biologically independent rats per group. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (Ordinary one-way ANOVA). Source data are provided as a Source Data file for Fig. d, .

Article Snippet: We have also tried to treat DSS-induced colitic rats with the equivalent amount of Dex-P (1.15 mg, MCE, USA) in PBS (Dex-P/PBS) via enema on days 1, 3, and 5.

Techniques: Negative Control, Staining, Histopathology, Activity Assay

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Nanoparticle-assembled bioadhesive coacervate coating with prolonged gastrointestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27463-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: a – f On day 5, colitic SD rats receiving Dex-P/NPA 2 , or Dex-P/PBS, and untreated colitic SD rats (Control) were sacrificed, and colon tissues were analyzed for macrophage polarization. b Immunohistochemical staining against key macrophage M1/M2 polarization markers iNOS/CD206, c histopathology score, d mRNA levels of tight junction-associated protein ZO-1, e pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin IL - 1β and IL-6 released by M1 macrophages, and f anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 released by M2 macrophages. Scale bar for hematoxylin staining, 200 μm. Scale bar for immunohistochemistry staining, 50 μm. n = 5 biologically independent rats per group. g – k Fecal samples collected on day 5 from colitic SD rats were analyzed for gut microbiota by sequencing the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene. Dex-P/NPA 2 treatment increased g bacterial richness (observed operational taxonomic units, OTUs), h Chao diversity, and h Shannon diversity in colitic SD rats compared with colitic SD rats in the Dex-P/PBS group and the untreated colitic rats (Control). n = 5 biologically independent rats per group. i A clustered heatmap of UniFrac values for measuring gut microbiota β-diversity illustrated that colitic SD rats receiving Dex-P/NPA 2 and healthy SD rats were clustered more closely, suggesting more similar bacterial compositions. The color of the square shows the distance of evolution between each two samples. The range of blue to red corresponds to close to far distance, and the bigger index means the greater differences between samples. j Taxonomic bacterial distribution histogram and k clustered heatmap based on the relative abundance (Log 10 ) of the gut microbiota at the family level are presented. The upper longitudinal clustering indicates the similarity of gut microbiota among individual SD rats. The closer distance and shorter branch length indicate more similar gut microbiota between the SD rats. Data were presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (Ordinary one-way ANOVA). Source data are provided as a Source Data file for Fig. .

Article Snippet: We have also tried to treat DSS-induced colitic rats with the equivalent amount of Dex-P (1.15 mg, MCE, USA) in PBS (Dex-P/PBS) via enema on days 1, 3, and 5.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Disturbed relationship between glucocorticoid receptor and 5-HT1AR/5-HT2AR in ADHD rats: A correlation study

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1064369

Figure Lengend Snippet: The immunohistochemical images for the measurements of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (× 400) [ (A) Wista Kyoto rats (WKY) group; (B) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) group; (C) SHR + dexamethasone (DEX) group; (D) SHR + RU486 group); Comparison of GR levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (E) . One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by post hoc with Tukey test. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001, compared to WKY group; ### p < 0.001, compared to SHR group.

Article Snippet: To investigate the correlation between GC/GR and SHR, we used dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) (HY-14648, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR agonist, and RU486 (HY-13683, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR antagonist for the intervention experiments.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Disturbed relationship between glucocorticoid receptor and 5-HT1AR/5-HT2AR in ADHD rats: A correlation study

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1064369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR) levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (× 400) [ (A) Wista Kyoto rats (WKY) group; (B) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) group; (C) SHR + dexamethasone (DEX) group; (D) SHR + RU486 group]; Comparison of 5-HT1AR levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (E) . One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by post hoc with Tukey test. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, compared to WKY group; ### p < 0.001, compared to SHR group.

Article Snippet: To investigate the correlation between GC/GR and SHR, we used dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) (HY-14648, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR agonist, and RU486 (HY-13683, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR antagonist for the intervention experiments.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Disturbed relationship between glucocorticoid receptor and 5-HT1AR/5-HT2AR in ADHD rats: A correlation study

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1064369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT2AR) levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (× 400) [ (A) Wista Kyoto rats (WKY) group; (B) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) group; (C) SHR + dexamethasone (DEX) group; (D) SHR + RU486 group]; Comparison of 5-HT2AR levels in the prefrontal cortex of rats in four groups (E) . One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures followed by post hoc with Tukey test. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001, compared to WKY group; ### p < 0.001, compared to SHR group.

Article Snippet: To investigate the correlation between GC/GR and SHR, we used dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) (HY-14648, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR agonist, and RU486 (HY-13683, MedChemExpress (MCE), Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) as the GR antagonist for the intervention experiments.

Techniques: