Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental setup. C. albicans or G. vaginalis biofilms were produced in the upper chamber of transwell coculture systems. After 24 hours, C. trachomatis (as indicated by the arrow) was inoculated onto the biofilm, and epithelial cell monolayers, grown on glass coverslips, were seeded in the lower chamber.

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques: Produced

Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: C. trachomatis EBs released from C. albicans or G. vaginalis biofilms 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure.

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques:

Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: Release of C. trachomatis EBs from biofilms. Number of C. trachomatis EBs released from C. albicans (a) or G. vaginalis (b) biofilms detected at 24-hour intervals up to 72 hours from initial exposure.

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques:

Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of C. trachomatis IFUs observed on HeLa cell monolayers 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure.

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques:

Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: Infection of HeLa cell monolayers following C. trachomatis release from biofilms. Infectivity of C. trachomatis EBs released from C. albicans (a) or G. vaginalis (b) biofilms detected at 24-hour intervals up to 72 hours from initial exposure. (c) Immunohistological staining of C. trachomatis inclusions visualized in HeLa cell monolayers by fluorescence microscopy (400x magnification).

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale

Article Title: Biofilm in Genital Ecosystem: A Potential Risk Factor for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

doi: 10.1155/2019/1672109

Figure Lengend Snippet: Candida and Gardnerella biofilm formation in the presence or absence of C. trachomatis . OD 594 nm values were measured 48 hours after incubation of C. albicans and G. vaginalis in the presence or absence of C. trachomatis .

Article Snippet: The strains of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Gardnerella vaginalis (ATCC 4944), and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D/UW-3Cx (ATCC VR-885), used in this study, were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The NADPH oxidase 4 is a major source of hydrogen peroxide in human granulosa-lutein and granulosa tumor cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40329-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: H 2 O 2 -transporting aquaporins in GCs. ( A ) RT-PCR identified AQP1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 . All controls, including RNA (-RT) and H 2 O instead cDNA (H 2 O), were negative. The displayed figure was cropped and the original gel images are part of the supplementary data. ( B ) Fluorescence image of GCs preloaded with PO1 at the start of the monitoring (t = 0) and 20 min after addition of H 2 O 2 (final concentration: 100 µM). Scale bar = 10 µm. ( C , D ) The aquaporine blocker AgNO 3 (500 nM) significantly decreased H 2 O 2 production by 22 % (after 2 h). Data are shown as mean of six technical repetitions of a single measurement (relative to the intensity at t = 0; n = 1). ( D ) Percentage decrease of four measurements compared to control. One-sample t- test (two-tailed; *p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Intracellular H 2 O 2 levels in cultures of human GCs were quantified in black 96-well microplates (Nunclon Delta Surface) using the cell permeable boronate-based fluorescent H 2 O 2 -probe Peroxy Orange 1 (PO1) (Tocris, Bristol, UK) by exogenous preloading as described .

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Control, Two Tailed Test

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Prevotella timonensis Bacteria Associated With Vaginal Dysbiosis Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Susceptibility Of Vaginal CD4 + T Cells

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae166

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prevotella timonensis –induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uptake, fusion, and viral replication in vaginal CD4 + T cells. Vaginal epithelium explants ( A ) or CD4 + T cells isolated from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( B–D ) were stimulated overnight by UV-inactivated bacteria ( Lactobacillus crispatus [LC], Lactobacillus iners [LI], Gardnerella vaginalis [GV], Fannyhessea vaginae [FV], Megasphaera elsdenii [ME], and Prevotella timonensis [PT], all on multiplicity of infection [MOI] 10) and subsequently exposed to HIV-1 (SF162; MOI 0.1) for 3 d unless stated differently. A , HIV-1 infection was measured by flow cytometry after intracellular staining for HIV-1 capsid p24 and depicted here as % p24 + cells of CD3 + cells of emigrated fraction (explant model, n = 4–8). B , HIV-1 uptake in CD4 + T cells after 4 h HIV-1 exposure as measured by p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after trypsin treatment and cell lysis (n = 3). C , Pooled data of β-lactamase activity measured by flow cytometry, representing viral fusion upon 4 h infection with NL4.3BaL-BlaM-Vpr (n = 4). D , De novo HIV-1 replication, determined by detecting green fluorescent protein, after HIV-1 NL4.3eGFP-BaL infection (n = 6–7). Symbols represent independent donors, bars represent mean ± standard deviation. * P < .05, ** P < .01, 2-tailed t test.

Article Snippet: Lactobacillus crispatus (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH [DSMZ]-20584), Lactobacillus iners (DSMZ-13335), Gardnerella vaginalis (DSMZ-4944), Fannyhessea vaginae (DMSZ-15829), Megasphaera elsdenii (DSMZ-20460), Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC-25285), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (DSMZ-2079), Escherichia coli (NC0749147), Prevotella amnii (DSMZ-23384), Prevotella bivia (DSMZ-20514), Prevotella copri (or Segatella copri ; DSMZ-18205), Prevotella intermedia (DSMZ-20706), and Prevotella timonensis (or Hoylesella timonensis ; DSMZ-22865) were cultured as recommended by DSMZ.

Techniques: Virus, Isolation, Bacteria, Infection, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Lysis, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Prevotella timonensis Bacteria Associated With Vaginal Dysbiosis Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Susceptibility Of Vaginal CD4 + T Cells

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae166

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiretroviral drugs used in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) block Prevotella timonensis –enhanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vaginal CD4 + T cells. A–C , CD4 + T cells isolated from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ( A and B ) or vaginal epithelium explants ( C ) were stimulated overnight by UV-inactivated bacteria ( Lactobacillus crispatus [LC], Lactobacillus iners [LI], Gardnerella vaginalis [GV], Fannyhessea vaginae [FV], Megasphaera elsdenii [ME], and Prevotella timonensis [PT], all on multiplicity of infection [MOI] 10) and subsequently exposed to HIV-1 (SF162; MOI 0.1) for 3 d. HIV-1 infection was measured by flow cytometry after intracellular staining for HIV-1 capsid p24 and depicted here as % p24 + cells of total cells (CD4 + T cells isolated from PHA-stimulated PBMCs ( A and B ) or CD3 + cells of emigrated fraction (explant model, C ). HIV-1 infection in the presence or absence of the PrEP drug tenofovir (TFV, reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, 50 µM, A , n = 4) or replication inhibitors used in cART ( B , n = 3; C , n = 5); maraviroc (Mar, CCR5 blockage, 30 µM); reverse transcriptase inhibitors zidovudine (ZDV, 20 µM) and lamivudine (3TC, 50 µM); raltegravir (Ral, integrase inhibitor, 100 nM); and indinavir (IDV, protease inhibitor, 5 µM). Symbols represent independent donors, bars represent mean ± standard deviation. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, 2-tailed t test.

Article Snippet: Lactobacillus crispatus (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH [DSMZ]-20584), Lactobacillus iners (DSMZ-13335), Gardnerella vaginalis (DSMZ-4944), Fannyhessea vaginae (DMSZ-15829), Megasphaera elsdenii (DSMZ-20460), Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC-25285), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (DSMZ-2079), Escherichia coli (NC0749147), Prevotella amnii (DSMZ-23384), Prevotella bivia (DSMZ-20514), Prevotella copri (or Segatella copri ; DSMZ-18205), Prevotella intermedia (DSMZ-20706), and Prevotella timonensis (or Hoylesella timonensis ; DSMZ-22865) were cultured as recommended by DSMZ.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Virus, Infection, Isolation, Bacteria, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Protease Inhibitor, Standard Deviation

Journal: Studies in Mycology

Article Title: Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 4

doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.101.06

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNA barcodes of accepted Phytophthora spp.

Article Snippet: Phy. stricta , 8 , ATCC MYA-4944 , KF192702 , KF192694 , KX252211 , KX252216 , Yang et al. (2014a , .

Techniques: