Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Phase diagram of the [P 44414 ]Cl + CH 3 COOH + H 2 O system at 298 K (⬤ black) and 323 K ( ■ red). ( B ) Comparison of the experimental phase diagrams for the aqueous biphasic system composed of [P 44414 ]Cl and CH 3 COOH or NH 4 CH 3 COO ( ▲ cyan) at 298 K.

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Snapshot of the equilibrated [P 44414 ]Cl + CH 3 COOH system with chloride anion and acetic acid in blue and C 4 and C 14 alkyl chains of [P 44414 ] + in purple and green respectively. ( B ) Radial distribution functions (RDFs) of the principal intermolecular interactions. The reference atom for [P 44414 ] + (CAT) was P whilst OH was taken for the carboxylic acid (AcA).

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) RDFs of the CH 3 COOH···Cl − with increasing water content (reference atoms for acetic acid were OH) and ( B ) corresponding coordination numbers (region 1 and 3 are monophasic whilst region 2 corresponds to the experimentally determined biphasic regime). ( C ) A representative snapshot of water-in-IL hydrated clusters for 5.1 wt.% H 2 O. ( D ) Spatial density function plots of the various system components around acetic acid for three water concentrations (Cl − —blue; [P 44414 ] + —yellow; CH 3 COOH—red; H 2 O—cyan).

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viscosity of the 73.0 wt.% [P 44414 ]Cl and 27.0 wt.% CH 3 COOH mixture as a function of temperature.

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: UV–vis spectra of the [P 44414 ]Cl + CH 3 COOH system (73.0 wt.% [P 44414 ]Cl and 27.0 wt.% CH 3 COOH) after metal oxide dissolution at 323 K for 24 h (blue line) and the corresponding spectra of the metal chloride salt in aqueous solution (red line). The dashed line corresponds to the spectra of the [P 44414 ]Cl + CH 3 COOH mixture in the absence of metals.

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Integrated Leaching and Separation of Metals Using Mixtures of Organic Acids and Ionic Liquids

doi: 10.3390/molecules25235570

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Metal concentration in the NiMH battery leachate composed of 27.0 wt.% CH3COOH aqueous solution and in the 73.0 wt.% [P 44414 ]Cl + 27.0 wt.% CH 3 COOH mixture (t = 24 h, T = 323 K, S/L = 0.1). ( B ) Co(II) selectivity (S) in the biphasic [P 44414 ]Cl + CH 3 COOH + H 2 O from the principal metals in the NiMH leachate. The total composition of systems 1 and 1 * are provided in ; individual metal distribution coefficients are available in .

Article Snippet: The ionic liquids [P 4444 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%), [P 44414 ]Cl (95.0 wt.%) were obtained from Cytec industries, [N 4444 ]Cl (97.0 wt.%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)and [C 14 mim]Cl (98.0 wt.%) from Iolitec (Heilbronn, Germany).

Techniques: Concentration Assay