Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.3390/nu12103037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inula britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) exerts anti-adipogenic effects in MDI-induced differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes involving regulation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways. The cells were differentiated for eight days with the indicated concentrations of IAE. The phosphorylation of Akt (Ser 473) and GSK-3β (Ser21/9) was examined to evaluate the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways. The protein expression levels of adipogenesis-associated biomarkers were determined by using western blotting. ( A ) Protein expression levels of lipogenesis-associated biomarkers. ( B ) Relative protein expression levels of lipogenesis-associated biomarkers. ( C ) Protein expression levels of adipogenesis-specific biomarkers. ( D ) Relative protein expression levels of adipogenesis-specific biomarkers. ( E ) Effect of IAE on the activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways. ( F ) Relative protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt and GSK-3β. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Values labeled with different letters (a–e) are significantly different ( p

Article Snippet: The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes plated in 60 mm culture dishes (1.0 × 105 cells/dish) were incubated and differentiated for various intervals in the presence of different concentrations of IAE.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.3390/nu12103037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inula britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) inhibits the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through regulation of the ERK 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate by MDI in the presence of indicated concentrations of IAE or specific inhibitors (U0126 and LY294002). Cells were treated with specific inhibitors for 1 h prior to MDI stimulation. The phosphorylation of MEK-1 (Ser217/221), ERK 1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and Akt (Ser473) was examined to evaluate activation of these proteins. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression levels of proteins. ( A ) Inhibitory effect of IAE on activation of MEK-1/ERK and Akt during early phase of adipogenesis. ( B ) The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of IAE on MDI-induced MEK/Akt activation was investigated following 30 min of MDI induction. ( C ) Relative protein expression levels of MEK-1, ERK 1/2, and Akt. ( D , E ) After 18 h of MDI treatment, the effect of ERK 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways on the expression of proteins mediating the cell cycle progression was assessed. ( F ) Effect of ERK 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways on adipogenesis-associated biomarkers was assessed on day 8. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Values labeled with different letters (a–e) are significantly different ( p

Article Snippet: The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes plated in 60 mm culture dishes (1.0 × 105 cells/dish) were incubated and differentiated for various intervals in the presence of different concentrations of IAE.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.3390/nu12103037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inula britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) inhibits lipid accumulation without exerting cytotoxic effects during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The cells were induced to differentiate by the MDI (differentiation medium) upon treatment with IAE in indicated concentrations. ( A ) The effect of IAE on cell viability was evaluated with the MTT assay (■, cell viability of preadipocytes; □, cell viability of differentiated preadipocytes). ( B ) Oil Red O staining of intracellular lipids on day 8. ( C ) Relative absorbance of Oil Red O eluted from intracellular lipids at 500 nm. ( D ) Measurement of intracellular triglyceride levels on day 8. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Values labeled with different letters (a–e) are significantly different ( p

Article Snippet: The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes plated in 60 mm culture dishes (1.0 × 105 cells/dish) were incubated and differentiated for various intervals in the presence of different concentrations of IAE.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Staining, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.3390/nu12103037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inula britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) inhibits the MCE involving Akt signaling pathways during early phase of adipogenesis. Growth-arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate by stimulating with MDI in the presence of indicated concentrations of IAE. The phosphorylation of cdc2 (Tyr15) and mTOR (Ser2448), Akt (Ser473), and p70S6K (Ser371) was examined to evaluate the activation of the G2/M phase and mTOR/Akt/p70S6K axis, respectively. ( A ) After 16 h of MDI treatment, cell cycle progression was investigated using FACS. ( B ) The cell distribution in the G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases was calculated as a percentage of total cell numbers based on the results of FACS analysis. ( C ) Western blotting was used to examine the expression of cell cycle progression-associated proteins after 18 h of MDI treatment. ( D ) Relative expression levels of representative proteins contributing to the transition of the cell cycle. ( E ) Effect of IAE on the activation of the mTOR/Akt/p70S6K axis after 18 h of MDI stimulation. ( F ) Relative expression levels of phosphorylated mTOR, Akt, and p70S6K. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Values labeled with different letters (a–d) are significantly different ( p

Article Snippet: The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes plated in 60 mm culture dishes (1.0 × 105 cells/dish) were incubated and differentiated for various intervals in the presence of different concentrations of IAE.

Techniques: Activation Assay, FACS, Western Blot, Expressing, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Inula britannica Inhibits Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes via Modulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion Involving ERK 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.3390/nu12103037

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inula britannica flower aqueous extract (IAE) inhibits the activation of STAT3 and C/EBP-β during the early phase of adipogenesis. Fully confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated by MDI stimulation upon treatment with indicated concentrations of IAE. The phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) was examined to evaluate STAT3 activation. The expression levels of proteins were assessed with western blotting. ( A ) The time-course of MDI-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in the presence or absence of IAE. ( B ) The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of IAE on STAT3 activation was determined after 18 h of MDI stimulation. ( C ) Relative protein expressions of phosphorylated STAT3. ( D ) The time-course of MDI-induced C/EBP-β expression in the presence or absence of IAE. ( E ) The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of IAE on C/EBP-β was assessed after 4 h of MDI stimulation. ( F ) Relative protein expression levels of C/EBP-β. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Values labeled with different letters (a–e) are significantly different ( p

Article Snippet: The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes plated in 60 mm culture dishes (1.0 × 105 cells/dish) were incubated and differentiated for various intervals in the presence of different concentrations of IAE.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Labeling

Journal: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Article Title: The potential role of GLUT4 transporters and insulin receptors in the hypoglycaemic activity of Ficus lutea acetone leaf extract

doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-269

Figure Lengend Snippet: Glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes (expressed as percentage of untreated control cells ± standard error of mean, n = 9) exposed to the acetone extracts of the ten Ficus species or insulin.

Article Snippet: After incubation at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 4 days (C2C12 and 3T3-L1) and 2 days (H-4-11-E), the medium in each of the wells was removed and replaced with 100 μl of DMEM supplemented with 0.25% BSA containing plant extracts at concentrations of 15, 31, 63, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml.

Techniques: