Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: Ebola virus disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in pericytes

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011077

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative cytokines secreted by HREC, HRP and HRA after 48 h of EBO-VLP stimulation. Representative images of three independent experiments are shown. (B) Relative cytokine levels were normalized to the mock group without EBO-VLP administration, which was set as 1. The floating bar plot shows the mean, minimum and maximum levels of each cytokine in three independent experiments. Downregulation of cytokines expression were displayed with negative numbers. (C) Changes in VEGF expression after EBO-VLP administration, as quantified by ELISA. The horizontal dashed line marks the limit of detection of the assay. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The amount of VEGF in the supernatant was measured by a Human VEGF ELISA Kit (Boster, EK0539).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: Ebola virus disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in pericytes

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011077

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-B) Integrity of the tri-culture iBRB model after EBO-VLP, EBO-VLP + Avastin and VEGF treatment. Na-F permeability (A) and the TEER values (B) of the iBRB model were examined 48 h after EBO-VLP administration. TEER values were normalized to those of iBRB models themselves before EBO-VLP administration. The box and the whisker present the median ± percentiles (25–75%) and range, respectively. The fold change of permeability compared with iBRB model itself before EBO-VLP administration is presented as the mean ± standard deviation. All values were determined in ten independent experiments. (C) Experimental schematic showing the addition of EBO-VLPs to the iBRB co-culture model of HREC and HRP. (D-E) Integrity of the iBRB co-culture (HRECs and HRPs) model after EBO-VLP, EBO-VLP + Avastin and VEGF treatment. Na-F permeability (D) and the TEER values (E) of the iBRB model were examined after 48 h of treatment. TEER values were normalized to those of iBRB models themselves before EBO-VLP administration. The box and the whisker present the median ± percentiles (25–75%) and range, respectively. The fold change of permeability compared with iBRB model itself before EBO-VLP administration is presented as the mean ± standard deviation. All values were determined in ten independent experiments. (F) Experimental schematic showing the addition of EBO-VLPs to the iBRB co-culture model of HREC and HRA. (G-H) Integrity of the iBRB co-culture (HRECs and HRAs) model after EBO-VLP, EBO-VLP + Avastin, and VEGF treatment. Na-F permeability (G) and the TEER values (H) of the iBRB model were examined 48 h after EBO-VLP administration. All values were determined in ten independent experiments. (I) Changes in VEGF expression after EBO-VLP administration, as quantified by ELISA. Pericytes were transfected with si-VEGF or nontargeting control siRNA, followed by treatment with EBO-VLP for 48 h. The horizontal dashed line marks the limit of detection of the assay. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. (J-K) Integrity of the tri-culture iBRB model after EBO-VLP, si-VEGF + EBO-VLP, nontargeting control siRNA + EBO-VLP, and nontargeting control siRNA treatment. Na-F permeability (J) and the TEER values (K) of the iBRB model were examined 48 h after administration. TEER values were normalized to those of iBRB models themselves before EBO-VLP administration. All values were determined in six independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The amount of VEGF in the supernatant was measured by a Human VEGF ELISA Kit (Boster, EK0539).

Techniques: Permeability, Whisker Assay, Standard Deviation, Co-Culture Assay, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transfection

Journal: PLOS Pathogens

Article Title: Ebola virus disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier by induction of vascular endothelial growth factor in pericytes

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011077

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Western blot analysis of VLP-ΔGP using an anti-GP antibody. Representative images of three independent experiments are shown. (B) TEM image of VLP-ΔGP. (C) Permeability and (D) TEER of the tri-culture iBRB model were measured 48 h after VLP-ΔGP, VLP-ΔGP + Avastin and VEGF treatment. TEER values were normalized to those of iBRB models themselves before EBO-VLP administration. The box and the whisker present the median ± percentiles (25–75%) and range, respectively. The fold change of permeability compared with iBRB model itself before EBO-VLP administration is presented as the mean ± standard deviation. All values were determined in six independent experiments. (E) The expression of VEGF in HRP after VLP-ΔGP treatment, as quantified by ELISA. The horizontal dashed line marks the limit of detection of the assay. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. (F) The expression of VEGF in HRP after EBOV VP40 and GP was expressed in HRPs. The horizontal dashed line marks the limit of detection of the assay. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: The amount of VEGF in the supernatant was measured by a Human VEGF ELISA Kit (Boster, EK0539).

Techniques: Western Blot, Permeability, Whisker Assay, Standard Deviation, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Combined Self-Assembled iRGD Polymersomes for Effective Targeted siRNA Anti-Tumor Therapy

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S383862

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antitumor effects of different siVEGF-delivery systems in nude mice bearing breast cancer via intravenous administration. ( A ) Images of mice on day 14 post administration. ( B ) Changes of animal weight with time. ( C ) Changes of tumor volume with time, * P < 0.01 vs saline only for data on day 14. ( D ) Relative VEGF protein level in tumor tissues (data from ELISA), * P < 0.01 vs saline. n = 5.

Article Snippet: The concentration VEGF protein in supernatants was determined using a Rat VEGF ELISA Kit (Boster) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay