Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: The tryptanthrin derivative g2 suppresses tongue squamous cell carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/P53 cathway modulation: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1789002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of g2 on apoptosis in CAL-27 and SCC9 cells. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of g2 (1, 2, and 5 μM) for 24 h. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V/PI double staining using flow cytometry. (A) Representative flow cytometry plots of CAL-27 and SCC9 cells. The lower-right quadrant (Q1-LR) indicates early apoptotic cells (Annexin V + /PI − ), and the upper-right quadrant (Q2-UR) indicates late apoptotic/necrotic cells (Annexin V + /PI + ). Numbers represent the percentage of cells in each quadrant. (B) Quantification of total apoptotic cells (early + late) from three independent biological replicates (n = 3 per group). Data are shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. control group.

Article Snippet: The quantification of apoptotic CAL-27 and SCC9 cells was conducted utilizing the Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States).

Techniques: Double Staining, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Small intestine microbiota development prevents early-life adiposity via IL-22-mediated intestinal PPARα suppression

doi: 10.64898/2026.06.11.731695

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and B) Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of ( A ) 2-week-old and ( B ) 3-week-old mice mock treated or exposed to low dose penicillin (LDP). ( C ) Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of 3-week-old mice given low dose penicillin from 2 – 3 weeks and mock treated mice. ( D ) Diagram of long-term mouse experiment and groups. ( E and F ) Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of mice Mock treated or given LDP from birth until 3 weeks of age and then placed on a (E) low fat (LF) diet or (F) high fat (HF) diet for five weeks. ( G ) Model of adult LDP exposure. ( H ) Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of 8-week-old mice exposed to LDP for 3 weeks or mock-treated. ( I and J ) Germ-free (GF) breeders were either gavaged with a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) or left GF. Breeders were then exposed to low doses of penicillin or mock-treated until their offspring were 3 weeks old. Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of 3-week-old ( I ) females and ( J ) males was then measured. ( K ) Experimental timeline for data shown in ( L and M ). Stars indicate days in which mice received microbes. ( L and M ) Abdominal fat (% total body weight) of ( L ) male or ( M ) female 3-week-old mice gavaged every 48 hours with SFB, L. intestinalis , both, or vehicle starting at postnatal day 16. Each dot represents one mouse. (B, E, F, and H) *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 using a two-way anova with Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. (C) **, p < 0.01 using an unpaired Welch’s t test. (I, J, L, and M) *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001 using a one-way anova with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.

Article Snippet: One group was maintained on regular drinking water, while the second group was given low doses of penicillin (LDP) (Thermo Scientific #J62442.14, 6.67 mg/mL) in their drinking water.

Techniques: