Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Increased circulating TREM2 + microglial extracellular vesicles in aged APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease rats

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101261

Figure Lengend Snippet: TMEM119 + /TREM2 + EVs are increased in 15-month-old APP/PS1 rats. A) Example nanoscale flow cytometry scatter plots of TMEM119, TREM2 and dual-positive EVs. B) TMEM119 + /TREM2 + events/μl labelled in 3-, 9-, and 15-month wildtype and APP/PS1 rat plasma assessed using a 2-way ANOVA (genotype ✕ sex). C) Size distribution of TMEM119 +/ TREM2 + EVs based on standardized reference beads. D) Western blot of TMEM119 and TREM2 from, immunoprecipitated TMEM119 EVs, total rat plasma EVs, and whole cell lysate. E) Representative immunofluorescent 20 ✕ images of TMEM119 and TREM2 in 15-month-old APP/PS1 hippocampus. Scale bar indicates 10 μm ∗ Indicates statistical significance ( p < 0.05) Data represent the group mean ± SEM. n = 10-12 males and females per group. LALS, long angle light scatter; SALS, short angle light scatter.

Article Snippet: Membranes were washed for 3 × 10 min with TBST prior to incubation with anti-mouse (TMEM119, ⍺-tubulin) or anti-rabbit (TREM2) HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, Jackson Laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Clinical Proteomics, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Increased circulating TREM2 + microglial extracellular vesicles in aged APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease rats

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101261

Figure Lengend Snippet: TREM2 mRNA and protein levels differ by age and genotype in the hippocampus. A) Coronal section for the hippocampal region of interest. B) qPCR measurement of TMEM119 and TREM2 in 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 hippocampal RNA isolates assessed using 2-way ANOVAs (age ✕ genotype). C-E) Western blot of TMEM119 and TREM2 and corresponding quantification in hippocampal protein isolates from 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats assessed using t -tests. ∗ Indicates statistical significance ( p < 0.05). Data represent the group mean ± SEM. n = 2-3 males and 2-3 females per group.

Article Snippet: Membranes were washed for 3 × 10 min with TBST prior to incubation with anti-mouse (TMEM119, ⍺-tubulin) or anti-rabbit (TREM2) HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, Jackson Laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Increased circulating TREM2 + microglial extracellular vesicles in aged APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease rats

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased TREM2 mRNA in the corpus callosum of 15-month-old rats. A) Coronal section for the corpus callosum region of interest. B) qPCR measurement of TMEM119 and TREM2 in 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 corpus callosum RNA isolates assessed using 2-way ANOVAs (age ✕ genotype). C-E) Western blot of TMEM119 and TREM2 and corresponding quantification in corpus callosum protein isolates from 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats assessed using t -tests. ∗ Indicates statistical significance ( p < 0.05). Data represent the group mean ± SEM. n = 2-3 males and 2-3 females per group.

Article Snippet: Membranes were washed for 3 × 10 min with TBST prior to incubation with anti-mouse (TMEM119, ⍺-tubulin) or anti-rabbit (TREM2) HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, Jackson Laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Increased circulating TREM2 + microglial extracellular vesicles in aged APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease rats

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased histological TREM2 expression in aged APP/PS1 rats. A) Quantification of TREM2 cell density in the hippocampus of 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats assessed using t -tests. B) Representative 20 ✕ images of TREM2 + cells in the hippocampus of 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats. C) Quantification of TREM2 cell density in the corpus callosum of 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats assessed using t -tests. D) Representative 20 ✕ images of TREM2 + cells in the corpus callosum of 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats. Scale bar indicates 25 μm ∗ Indicates statistical significance ( p < 0.05). Data represent the group mean ± SEM. n = 4 males and 4 females per group.

Article Snippet: Membranes were washed for 3 × 10 min with TBST prior to incubation with anti-mouse (TMEM119, ⍺-tubulin) or anti-rabbit (TREM2) HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, Jackson Laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

Article Title: Increased circulating TREM2 + microglial extracellular vesicles in aged APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease rats

doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2026.101261

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impaired spatial memory associates with increased TMEM119 + /TREM2 + EVs in 15-month-old rats. A) Simple linear regression between TMEM119 + /TREM2 + events/μl and total RAWM errors in 3-, 9-, and 15-month WT and APP/PS1 rats. n = 10-12 males and females per group.

Article Snippet: Membranes were washed for 3 × 10 min with TBST prior to incubation with anti-mouse (TMEM119, ⍺-tubulin) or anti-rabbit (TREM2) HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10,000, Jackson Laboratories) for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: