Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Increased Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Phenylketonuria

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70820

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Phe on human hepatocytes and adipocytes. (A) Real‐time extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), (B) glycolytic parameters (basal [BG] and compensatory [CG] glycolysis and 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose [2‐DG] post acidification), (C and E) fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21; gene name FGF21 ) mRNA levels and (D and F) FGF21 protein levels in the supernatant of transformed human liver epithelial‐2 (THLE‐2) human hepatocytes (A–D) or Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) human adipocytes (E and F) after phenylalanine (Phe) treatments at different dosages (2.5, 5, and 10 mM) and times (6 and 12 h). Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; gene name GAPDH ) was used as housekeeping gene to serve as an internal control in the mRNA analyses. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by one‐way ANOVA followed of Bonferroni test or Kruskal–Wallis followed of Dunn's test; normality was assayed with Shapiro–Wilk test. Alpha level was set at 0.05. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001. All statistical tests were two‐sided.

Article Snippet: THLE‐2 cells (CRL‐2706; RRID: CVCL_3803; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in BEBM supplemented with BEGM BulletKit (Lonza Walkersville, Inc., Walkersville, MD, USA), 70 ng/mL phosphoethanolamine, 5 ng/mL epidermal growth factor, 10% FBS, and 1% glutamine‐penicillin‐streptomycin (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Control