t4 dna ligase  (Thermo Fisher)

Journal: Chembiochem

Article Title: Practical Synthesis of Cap‐4 RNA

doi: 10.1002/cbic.201900590

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enzymatic ligation of T. cruzi cap‐4 spliced leader RNA using T4 DNA ligase. A) RNA sequences and sequence of the 20‐nt DNA splint; B) HPLC analysis of a typical ligation reaction after 3 h reaction time; reaction conditions: 10 μ m RNA 10 , 12.5 μ m RNA 11 , 12.5 μ m splint; 0.5 m m ATP, 40 m m Tris ⋅ HCl (pH 7.8), 10 m m MgCl 2 , 10 m m DTT, 5 % ( w / v ) PEG 4000, 0.5 U μL −1 T4 DNA ligase; C) LC–ESI mass spectrum of the purified 39‐nt cap‐4 RNA ligation product.

Article Snippet: The 38‐nt T. cruzi cap‐4 RNA was prepared by splinted enzymatic ligation of an 11‐nt cap‐4 RNA and a chemically synthesized 5′‐phosphorylated 27‐nt RNA by using T4 DNA ligase (Thermo Fisher) in analogy to ref. .

Techniques: Ligation, Sequencing, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Purification

Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

Article Title: Single-stranded DNA library preparation from highly degraded DNA using T4 DNA ligase

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-stranded DNA ligation with T4 DNA ligase and CircLigase. A pool of 60 nt acceptor oligonucleotides (‘60N’) were ligated to 10 pmol of a 3΄ biotinylated donor oligonucleotide (CL78) using either T4 DNA ligase in the presence of a splinter oligonucleotide (TL38) or CircLigase. Ligation products were visualized on a 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel stained with SybrGold. Band shifts from 60 nt to 80 nt indicate successful ligation. Schematic overviews of the reaction schemes are shown on top. The scheme developed by Kwok et al . ( 19 ) is shown for comparison. M: Single-stranded DNA size marker.

Article Snippet: Splinted end-to-end ligation of single-stranded DNA using T4 DNA ligase To explore the efficiency of splinted end-to-end ligation of single stranded DNA with T4 DNA ligase in the absence of hair-pin structures, we designed a ligation scheme where the splinter oligonucleotide is hybridized to a biotinylated adapter oligonucleotide (the donor), allowing for subsequent immobilization of ligation products on beads and removal of the splinter by mild heat treatment.

Techniques: DNA Ligation, Ligation, Staining, Marker

Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

Article Title: Single-stranded DNA library preparation from highly degraded DNA using T4 DNA ligase

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Library preparation methods for highly degraded DNA. ( A ) In the single-stranded library preparation method described here (ssDNA2.0), DNA fragments (black) are 5΄ and 3΄ dephosphorylated and separated into single strands by heat denaturation. 3΄ biotinylated adapter molecules (red) are attached to the 3΄ ends of the DNA fragments via hybridization to a stretch of six random nucleotides (marked as ‘N’) belonging to a splinter oligonucleotide complementary to the adapter and nick closure with T4 DNA ligase. Following the immobilization of the ligation products on streptavidin-coated beads, the splinter oligonucleotide is removed by bead wash at an elevated temperature. Synthesis of the second strand is carried out using the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and a primer with phosphorothioate backbone modifications (red stars) to prevent exonucleolytic degradation. Unincorporated primers are removed through a bead wash at an elevated temperature, preventing the formation of adapter dimers in the subsequent blunt-end ligation reaction, which is again catalyzed by T4 DNA ligase. Adapter self-ligation is prevented through a 3΄ dideoxy modification in the adapter. The final library strand is released from the beads by heat denaturation. ( B ) In the single-stranded library preparation method originally described in Gansauge and Meyer, ( 4 ), the first adapter was attached through true single-stranded DNA ligation using CircLigase. The large fragment of Bst DNA polymerase was used to copy the template strand, leaving overhanging 3΄ nucleotides, which had to be removed in a blunt-end repair reaction using T4 DNA polymerase. ( C ) The ‘454’ method of double-stranded library preparation in the implementation of Meyer and Kircher, ( 23 ), is based on non-directional blunt-end ligation of a mixture of two adapters to blunt-end repaired DNA fragments using T4 DNA ligase. To prevent adapter self-ligation, no phosphate groups are present at the 5΄ ends of the adapters, resulting in the ligation of the adapter strands only and necessitating subsequent nick fill-in with a strand-displacing polymerase. Intermittent DNA purification steps are required in-between enzymatic reactions. ( D ) The ‘Illumina’ method of double-stranded library preparation, shown here as implemented in New England Biolabs’ NEBNext Ultra II kit, requires the addition of A-overhangs (marked as ‘A’) to blunt-end repaired DNA fragments using a 3΄-5΄ exonuclease deletion mutant of the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. Both adapter sequences are combined into one bell-shaped structure, which carries a 3΄ T overhang to allow sticky end ligation with T4 DNA ligase. Following ligation, adapter strands are separated by excision of uracil. Excess adapters and adapter dimers are removed through size-selective purification.

Article Snippet: Splinted end-to-end ligation of single-stranded DNA using T4 DNA ligase To explore the efficiency of splinted end-to-end ligation of single stranded DNA with T4 DNA ligase in the absence of hair-pin structures, we designed a ligation scheme where the splinter oligonucleotide is hybridized to a biotinylated adapter oligonucleotide (the donor), allowing for subsequent immobilization of ligation products on beads and removal of the splinter by mild heat treatment.

Techniques: Hybridization, Ligation, Modification, DNA Ligation, DNA Purification, Mutagenesis, Purification

Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

Article Title: Single-stranded DNA library preparation from highly degraded DNA using T4 DNA ligase

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx033

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of single-stranded ligation schemes on library characteristics. ( A ) Informative sequence content of libraries prepared with CircLigase and T4 DNA ligase as a function of the input volume of ancient DNA extract used for library preparation. ( B ) Average GC content of the sequences obtained with the two ligation schemes. Note that the average GC content exceeds that of a typical mammalian genome because most sequences derive from microbial DNA, which is the dominant source of DNA in most ancient bones. ( C ) Fragment size distribution in the libraries as inferred from overlap-merged paired-end reads. Short artifacts in the library prepared from extremely little input DNA (corresponding to ∼1 mg bone) are mainly due to the incorporation of splinter fragments. ( D ) Frequencies of damage-induced C to T substitutions near the 5΄ and 3΄ ends of sequences.

Article Snippet: Splinted end-to-end ligation of single-stranded DNA using T4 DNA ligase To explore the efficiency of splinted end-to-end ligation of single stranded DNA with T4 DNA ligase in the absence of hair-pin structures, we designed a ligation scheme where the splinter oligonucleotide is hybridized to a biotinylated adapter oligonucleotide (the donor), allowing for subsequent immobilization of ligation products on beads and removal of the splinter by mild heat treatment.

Techniques: Ligation, Sequencing, Ancient DNA Assay

Journal: Biophysical Journal

Article Title: Multiplex Single-Molecule DNA Barcoding Using an Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay

doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.08.013

Figure Lengend Snippet: DNA barcoding experimental scheme. Target DNA strands are immobilized on a microscope slide, and dye-labeled barcodes are introduced together with T4 DNA ligase in the microfluidic chamber (1). Complementary barcodes bind transiently to the target site (2), whereas mismatched barcodes bind on an even shorter timescale (2′). Successful ligation is observed for the complementary barcodes (3) but not for the mismatched barcodes (3′). Ligation product shows stable binding to the target DNA (4), whereas mismatched barcodes dissociate and are washed away before imaging. To see this figure in color, go online.

Article Snippet: For ligation, T4 DNA ligase was used in standard conditions (25°C, 10 mM MgCl2 ), and the GC content of the target site was ∼50%.

Techniques: Microscopy, Labeling, Ligation, Binding Assay, Imaging

Journal: Nucleic Acids Research

Article Title: SPlinted Ligation Adapter Tagging (SPLAT), a novel library preparation method for whole genome bisulphite sequencing

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Principles of library preparation methods for whole genome bisulphite sequencing. In the conventional workflow (MethylC-seq) methylated adapters are ligated to double stranded sheared DNA fragments. The constructs are then bisulphite converted prior to amplification with a uracil reading PCR polymerase. The Accel-NGS Methyl-Seq uses the proprietary Adaptase™ technology to attach a low complexity sequence tail to the 3΄-termini of pre-sheared and bisulphite-converted DNA, and an adapter sequence. After an extension step a second adapter is ligated and the libraries are PCR amplified. The TruSeq DNA Methylation method (formerly EpiGnome) uses random hexamer tagged oligonucleotides to simultaneously copy the bisulphite-converted strand and add a 5΄-terminal adaptor sequence. In a subsequent step, a 3΄-terminal adapter is tagged, also by using a random sequence oligonucleotide. In the SPLAT protocol adapters with a protruding random hexamer are annealed to the 3΄-termini of the single stranded DNA. The random hexamer acts as a ‘splint’ and the adapter sequence is ligated to the 3΄-termini of single stranded DNA using standard T4 DNA ligation. A modification of the last 3΄- residue of the random hexamer is required to prevent self-ligation of the adapter. In a second step, adapters with a 5΄-terminal random hexamer overhang is annealed to ligate the 5΄-termini of the single stranded DNA, also using T4 DNA ligase. Finally the SPLAT libraries are PCR amplified using a uracil reading polymerase.

Article Snippet: After bisulphite conversion, short double stranded adapters (20 nucleotides) comprising a random 3΄ overhang are annealed to the 3΄ ends of the ssDNA and ligated using T4 DNA ligase.

Techniques: Bisulfite Sequencing, Methylation, Construct, Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Next-Generation Sequencing, Sequencing, DNA Methylation Assay, Random Hexamer Labeling, DNA Ligation, Modification, Ligation