Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oligonucleotide primers were used to evaluate the relative gene expression of T. rubrum ATCC 28189, treated with nonyl protocatechuate, and compared to the untreated fungus.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine showed an inhibition at 0.015 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, and T. rubrum 143, and 0.06 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes at 0.125 mg/L 66.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of planktonic cells and biofilms’ susceptibilities to antifungal drugs and the compound nonyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine showed an inhibition at 0.015 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, and T. rubrum 143, and 0.06 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes at 0.125 mg/L 66.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of untreated T. rubrum ATCC 28189 ( A ), treated with 7.8 mg/L nonyl ( B ), 128 mg/L fluconazole ( C ), and 1 mg/L amphotericin B ( D ) at a magnification of 100×; bars, 10 µm. The panels show cell walls stained with calcofluor white, even in those in which more extensive damage and inhibition of hyphal development occurred. Lower panels represent enlargements of the areas demarcated by rectangles for better visualization of the damage caused by the treatments to the fungi cell walls at the magnification of 255×; bars, 5 µm.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine showed an inhibition at 0.015 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, and T. rubrum 143, and 0.06 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes at 0.125 mg/L 66.

Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Staining, Inhibition

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism of cell death by necrosis ( A ) and apoptosis ( B ) induced after treatment of T. rubrum ATCC 28189 with nonyl, fluconazole, and amphotericin B. Both significantly induced necrotic death ( p < 0.05). * p < 0.05; ** p <0.01; *** p <0.001.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine showed an inhibition at 0.015 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, and T. rubrum 143, and 0.06 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes at 0.125 mg/L 66.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression levels of Erg 1 and Erg 11 genes represented in Log2Fold change in T. rubrum ATCC 28189 strain treated with nonyl protocatechuate, compared to the untreated control. Results from three independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by the Student’s t -test and indicated by asterisks: ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine showed an inhibition at 0.015 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, T. rubrum ATCC 28189, and T. rubrum 143, and 0.06 mg/L for T. mentagrophytes at 0.125 mg/L 66.

Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oligonucleotide primers were used to evaluate the relative gene expression of T. rubrum ATCC 28189, treated with nonyl protocatechuate, and compared to the untreated fungus.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine caused no apparent damage to T. rubrum ATCC 28189 hyphae ( N); however, visualization of T. rubrum 143 biofilms revealed the presence of destroyed hyphae and a reduction in the extracellular matrix ( S).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of planktonic cells and biofilms’ susceptibilities to antifungal drugs and the compound nonyl 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoate.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine caused no apparent damage to T. rubrum ATCC 28189 hyphae ( N); however, visualization of T. rubrum 143 biofilms revealed the presence of destroyed hyphae and a reduction in the extracellular matrix ( S).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of untreated T. rubrum ATCC 28189 ( A ), treated with 7.8 mg/L nonyl ( B ), 128 mg/L fluconazole ( C ), and 1 mg/L amphotericin B ( D ) at a magnification of 100×; bars, 10 µm. The panels show cell walls stained with calcofluor white, even in those in which more extensive damage and inhibition of hyphal development occurred. Lower panels represent enlargements of the areas demarcated by rectangles for better visualization of the damage caused by the treatments to the fungi cell walls at the magnification of 255×; bars, 5 µm.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine caused no apparent damage to T. rubrum ATCC 28189 hyphae ( N); however, visualization of T. rubrum 143 biofilms revealed the presence of destroyed hyphae and a reduction in the extracellular matrix ( S).

Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Staining, Inhibition

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mechanism of cell death by necrosis ( A ) and apoptosis ( B ) induced after treatment of T. rubrum ATCC 28189 with nonyl, fluconazole, and amphotericin B. Both significantly induced necrotic death ( p < 0.05). * p < 0.05; ** p <0.01; *** p <0.001.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine caused no apparent damage to T. rubrum ATCC 28189 hyphae ( N); however, visualization of T. rubrum 143 biofilms revealed the presence of destroyed hyphae and a reduction in the extracellular matrix ( S).

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Membranolytic Activity Profile of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate: A New Anti-Biofilm Compound for the Treatment of Dermatophytosis

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051402

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression levels of Erg 1 and Erg 11 genes represented in Log2Fold change in T. rubrum ATCC 28189 strain treated with nonyl protocatechuate, compared to the untreated control. Results from three independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was determined by the Student’s t -test and indicated by asterisks: ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Terbinafine caused no apparent damage to T. rubrum ATCC 28189 hyphae ( N); however, visualization of T. rubrum 143 biofilms revealed the presence of destroyed hyphae and a reduction in the extracellular matrix ( S).

Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation