Journal: Journal of Functional Biomaterials

Article Title: Orthodontic Ceramic Bracket Removal Using Lasers: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/jfb16040123

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detailed characteristics of studies.

Article Snippet: Mimura, H. [ ] , CO 2 laser: - wavelength: 10.6 μm - power outputs: 3 W and 7 W - tip placement: just apart from bracket - continuous application , Mechanical removal using shear force with force applied perpendicular to bracket–enamel interface (initial force 3 kgf, 1 mm/min speed). , Brackets: polycrystalline alumina brackets (Transcend series 6000, Unitek/3M, Monrovia, CA, USA) Adhesive: 1. Bis-GMA composite resin (Concise, 3M, Monrovia, CA, USA) 77% quartz filler 2. 4-META MMA resin (Super-Bond), no filler , Mean: 1. Concise groups: control = 14.81 kgf 3 W = 5.85 kgf 7 W = 4.01 kgf 2. Super-Bond groups: control = 12.49 kgf 3 W = 3.63 kgf 7 W = 3.41 kgf , MARI 1. Concise group: Control: Score 1 × 0 Score 2 × 3 Score 3 × 5 Score 4 × 12 3 W laser: Score 1 × 2 Score 2 × 6 Score 3 × 7 Score 4 × 5 7 W laser: Score 1 × 0 Score 2 × 6 Score 3 × 9 Score 4 × 5 2. Super-Bond: Control: Score 1 × 0 Score 2 × 2 Score 3 × 6 Score 4 × 12 3 W laser: Score 1 × 0 Score 2 × 1 Score 3 × 6 Score 4 × 13 7 W laser: Score 1 × 0 Score 2 × 1 Score 3 × 3 Score 4 × 16 , No measurements during the deboning process. Thermal expansion: - Super-Bond: expanded until 80 °C (peak at 60 °C), then began contracting above 80 °C - Concise: showed linear expansion with temperature increase (4× greater than bracket expansion).

Techniques: Shear, Electron Microscopy, Adhesive, Control, Irradiation, Produced, Polymer, Modification, Mann-Whitney U-Test, Imaging