sodium deoxycholic acid (Difco)
Structured Review
![Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium <t>deoxycholic</t> acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Sodium Deoxycholic Acid, supplied by Difco, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
2) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
3) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
4) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
5) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
6) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
7) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
8) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
9) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
10) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
11) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
12) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
13) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
14) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
15) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
16) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
17) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
18) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
19) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
20) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
21) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
22) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
23) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
24) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
25) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
26) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
27) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
28) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
29) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
30) Product Images from "Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists"
Article Title: Reduction of sodium deoxycholic acid-induced scratching behaviour by bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists
Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology
doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702296
![... BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was ... Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1565800/bin/126-0702296f4.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of BK receptor antagonists on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. FR173657 (10–100 mg kg −1 ) was administered orally 1 h prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Hoe140 (30 μg site −1 ) or des-Arg 9 -[Leu 8 ]-BK (1 nmol site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 3–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis are the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P ⩾0.05.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: (a) Effects of kininase inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Phosphoramidon (30 μg site −1 ) or lisinopril (0.3 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC) into the anterior part of the back of the mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws were counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 7–8 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 30 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. (b) Effects of kininase inhibitors on degradation of BK by skin extract or plasma of mice. Skin extract or plasma was incubated with BK for 10 min at 37°C in the presence or the absence of lisinopril (1 μg ml −1 ). Residual bradykinin in the mixture was measured using BK enzyme immunoassay kit. The ordinate indicates residual amounts of BK in the incubation mixture. Each column represents the mean±s.e.mean. ** P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-response for the scratch-inducing effect of sodium deoxycholic acid. Ten to 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice. The frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 60 min after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid in the kininogen-deficient (B/N-Katholiek) and the normal (B/N-Kitasato) strain of rats. Sodium deoxycholic acid (DC; 100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of female Brown Norway Katholiek (B/N-Ka: kininogens-deficient strain) and Brown Norway Kitasato (B/N-Ki; the normal strain) rats. The frequency of scratching around the injection site by the fore- and hind-paws was counted for 120 min after the injection. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. The numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of rats used. The last two columns indicate the result following administered of FR173657 (10 mg kg −1 ) orally 1 h before the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Comparisons were made with the value from Brown Norway Kitasato rats receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid shown in the left-hand. * P
Techniques Used: Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Vascular permeability increase due to sodium deoxycholic acid in mouse skin. Mice anaesthetized with Nembutal (50 mg kg −1 ) were administered pontamine sky blue (100 kg mg −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ) intravenously followed by s.c. injections of sodium deoxycholic acid (10–1000 μg site −1 ), BK (0.3–10 nmol site −1 ), or saline alone (100 μl) into the dorsal skin. At 30 min after the injection, mice were sacrificed to quantify the amounts of dye that leaked into the skin as described in the text. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of experiments. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μl of saline. ** P
Techniques Used: Permeability, Mouse Assay, Injection

Figure Legend Snippet: Time course of scratching after s.c. injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Sodium deoxycholic acid (100 μg site −1 ) was injected subcutaneously into the anterior part of the back of male ddY mice under light ether anaesthesia. Each mouse was then placed separately in a cage so that its behaviour could be recorded with an unmanned video camera. Frequency of scratching around the injection site with the fore- and hind-paws was counted for every 5-min period over a 90 min duration after the injection. Each value represents mean±s.e.mean from 9–15 animals.
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of kallikrein inhibitors on scratching induced by sodium deoxycholic acid. Aprotinin (10 mg kg −1 ) was administered intravenously 5 min prior to the injection of 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid (DC). Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI; 100 μg site −1 ) was subcutaneously injected together with 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid. The frequency of scratching were counted for 60 min after the injection of sodium deoxycholic acid. Each value represents the mean±s.e.mean from 5–15 animals. Numbers in parenthesis indicate the numbers of mice used. Comparisons were made with the value from mice receiving 100 μg of sodium deoxycholic acid alone, indicated by an open column. * P
Techniques Used: Injection, Mouse Assay
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