sodium deoxycholate  (Millipore)

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Article Title: Use of transethosomes for enhancing the transdermal delivery of olmesartan medoxomil: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation

doi: 10.2147/IJN.S196771

Figure Lengend Snippet: DSC thermogram of ( A ) OLM, ( B ) PC, ( C ) SDC, ( D ) physical mixture of OLM and transethosomal components, and ( E ) TE14. Abbreviations: DSC, differential scanning calorimetry; OLM, olmesartan medoxomil; PC, phospholipid; SDC, sodium deoxycholate; TE, transethosome.

Article Snippet: L-α phosphotidylcholine from egg yolk, Span 20 (S20), Span 60 (S60), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), cellulose membrane (12,000–14,000 molecular weight cutoff), and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Bacteriology

Article Title: Bile Salts and Glycine as Cogerminants for Clostridium difficile Spores

doi: 10.1128/JB.01765-07

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of deoxycholate on the germination and growth of C. difficile . (A) C. difficile spores were purified and suspended in BHIS alone (•) or in BHIS(TA) (⧫) or 1% deoxycholate (▴). (B) Vegetative C. difficile (solid lines)

Article Snippet: Spores were resuspended in water, and either taurocholate, glycocholate, cholate, deoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, or chenodeoxycholate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) was added to 0.1%.

Techniques: Purification

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the change in the cyclin A protein in human colonocytes and HCT116 colon cancer cells after incubation for 24 hours with deoxycholic acid based on a Western blot analysis. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Isolated human colonic crypt (A) and colonocytes (B). Human normal colonocytes were incubated for 24 hours with various concentration of deoxycholic acid: 0 (C), 20 µM (D), and 250 µM (E).

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Isolation, Incubation, Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Change of cell-cycle-related proteins in human colonocytes after incubation for 24 hours with deoxycholic acid based on a Western blot analysis. Conc., concentration; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot, Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the change in cell-cycle-related proteins in the Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell-line after incubation for 72 hours with deoxycholic acid based on a Western blot analysis. Conc., concentration; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot, Concentration Assay

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the change in the cyclin E protein in human colonocytes and in HCT116 colon cancer cells after incubation for 24 hours with deoxycholic acid based on a Western blot analysis. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the change in the cyclin D1 protein in human colonocytes and HCT116 colon cancer cells after incubation for 24 hours with deoxycholic acid based on a Western blot analysis. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology

Article Title: Effects of DCA on Cell Cycle Proteins in Colonocytes

doi: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.254

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of the change of Cdk2 protein after incubation for 24 hours with deoxycholic acid in human colonocytes and HCT116 colon cancer cells by Western blot analysis. ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Article Snippet: The culture medium used in the cell culture was RPMI1640 (JEIL Biotech Services Incorp, Daegu, Korea), and fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone Laboratories, Logaar, UT, USA), penicillin-streptomycin, and deoxycholate (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) were added reagents.

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Membrane tension regulates motility by controlling lamellipodium organization

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010481108

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of membrane tension on sperm cell motility. ( A ) Dot plots of the speed of whole cell translocation. Red: hypotonic medium (130 mOsm); blue: isotonic media (175 mOsm); green: 150 μm deoxycholate (DC); purple: hypertonic media (275 mOsm); black: strong hypertonic media (350 mOsm). Significant differences are marked with asterisks. ( B ) Dot plots of the spread area of crawling cells and their aspect ratio (lamellipodium long axis divided by cell body width) under different treatments with labels and color coding as in A . Significant differences are marked with asterisks. ( C ) The relation of tether force (+/− SEM) to cell treatment. Legend is as for A . Seven to 18 cells were measured per condition, and tether forces were recorded as soon as the force stabilized (10–30 s), before tube relaxation could set in. The difference between Iso and DC/Hyper/Hyper++ is significant (marked with an asterisk for DC only). ( Left ) A tube (arrowhead) extending between the bead ( Top ) and the lamellipodia of a pronase-activated sperm cell ( Bottom ). The sperm cell is out of focus. ( D ) Tube under flow experiment to evaluate effect of hypotonic treatment on short time scales. A tube was pulled at time zero and 10 s later, water began to be injected (red curve, arrowhead) or not (blue curve). Evolution of the tether force was recorded over time and reproducibly showed a spike after water injection (red curve, arrow) before relaxing, whereas tubes of control cells just relaxed (blue curve). In C , bar = 2 μm.

Article Snippet: Deoxycholate (Sigma) was used at a concentration of 150 μM, and sucrose was added to a final concentration of 100 or 175 mM.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Injection

Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Title: Membrane tension regulates motility by controlling lamellipodium organization

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010481108

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tension controls lamellipodial organization in 3D . ( A ) A confocal slice showing the plasma membrane labeling under different conditions of membrane tension. Hypo: hypotonic media (130 mOsm); Iso: isotonic media (175 mOsm); DC: 150 μm deoxycholate; Hyper++: strong hypertonic media (350 mOsm). ( B under conditions as in A . The inner concentric circle is at 1 μm and the outer circle is at 4 μm. ( C ) Roughness of lamellipodial contours under conditions as in A ) so only the isotonic data are shown. ( D ) MSP fiber visualization under different membrane tension conditions. Labels as in A ). The lengths and angles of the fibers were measured for 20 such cells per condition to generate the data shown in E , G , and H . ( E ) Absolute values of fiber angles with respect to the long axis of the lamellipodium (defined as 0°) were averaged to give the average fiber angle ( θ ) per cell shown in dot-plot format. Color coding as in C . Asterisks mark significantly different populations. ( F ) Cartoon of a sperm cell with fibers as thick gray lines. Polymerization and depolymerization zones are delineated by blue and red dashed lines, respectively. The apparent polymerization speed ( , red arrow) corresponds to the projection (dotted line) of the polymerization flux ( v p , black arrow) along the cell axis and decreases with increasing filament misalignment (angle θ ) according to the relation 〈 v app 〉 = v p 〈 cos θ 〉. The energy cost of membrane deformation around finger-like protrusions is reduced when neighboring protrusions align with one another (see text). ( G ) Plot of average apparent polymerization speeds versus average cos θ under four membrane tension conditions. All values +/− SD. The linear correlation is 0.97, with Hyper++ on the curve upon full extrapolation of the error bars in both the x and y directions. ( H ) Plot of average filament length versus average cos θ under four membrane tension conditions. All values +/− SD. All length differences between the different conditions are significantly different. The linear correlation is 0.97. In A and D , bar = 5 μm.

Article Snippet: Deoxycholate (Sigma) was used at a concentration of 150 μM, and sucrose was added to a final concentration of 100 or 175 mM.

Techniques: Labeling