rabbit anti p p38 antibody  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 aggravates sepsis-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03369-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 is upregulated by NRF2 signaling in LPS-stimulated microglia. ( A ) qPCR analysis of Gdf15 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated for 30 min with inhibitors of downstream TLR4 pathway components, including the ERK inhibitor FR180204, JNK inhibitor SP600125, p38 inhibitor SB203580, and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( B ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA expression in BV2 cells treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the specified times. ( C ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated with the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 (1 µM) for 24 h before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( D ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h. ( E ) Western blotting showing NRF2 protein expression in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h. ( F ) qPCR analysis of Gdf15 mRNA expression in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the indicated times. Gapdh was used as an endogenous reference for qPCR. Bars indicate means ± SEM. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies employed in the WB included: rabbit anti-GDF15 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-NRF2 (Affinity Biosciences, China), rabbit anti-p-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p38 MAPK (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-ERK1/ERK2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-JNK (Tyr185) recombinant antibody (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-JNK1/2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-CD68 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-Synapsin I (Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-PSD95 (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-Iba1 (Oasisbiofarm, China), mouse anti-α-Tubulin (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, USA), and mouse anti-β-actin (Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 aggravates sepsis-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03369-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 silencing reduces inflammatory factor production in LPS-stimulated microglia through regulation of NF-κB signaling. ( A ) Heatmap of mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in BV2 cells after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 6 h. ( B - E ) qPCR analysis of Il-6 ( B ), Il-1β ( C ), Tnf-α ( D ), and Ccl-2 ( E ) mRNA expression in BV2 cells (left panel) and primary microglia (right panel) after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the indicated times. ( F - G ) ELISA measurements of IL-6 and TNF-α production in the culture supernatants of BV2 cells after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 12 h. ( H ) qPCR analysis of Il-6 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated with recombinant GDF15 (200 ng/ml) for 30 min and then treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( I ) Western blotting showing levels of phosphorylated p65, p38, ERK, and JNK, or total proteins, in BV2 cell lysates after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS for the indicated times. Gapdh was used as an endogenous reference for qPCR. Bars indicate means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies employed in the WB included: rabbit anti-GDF15 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-NRF2 (Affinity Biosciences, China), rabbit anti-p-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p38 MAPK (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-ERK1/ERK2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-JNK (Tyr185) recombinant antibody (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-JNK1/2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-CD68 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-Synapsin I (Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-PSD95 (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-Iba1 (Oasisbiofarm, China), mouse anti-α-Tubulin (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, USA), and mouse anti-β-actin (Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Recombinant, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 aggravates sepsis-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03369-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 is upregulated by NRF2 signaling in LPS-stimulated microglia. ( A ) qPCR analysis of Gdf15 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated for 30 min with inhibitors of downstream TLR4 pathway components, including the ERK inhibitor FR180204, JNK inhibitor SP600125, p38 inhibitor SB203580, and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082, before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( B ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA expression in BV2 cells treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the specified times. ( C ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated with the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 (1 µM) for 24 h before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( D ) qPCR analysis of Nrf2 mRNA in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h. ( E ) Western blotting showing NRF2 protein expression in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h. ( F ) qPCR analysis of Gdf15 mRNA expression in BV2 cells after transfection with Nrf2 siRNA for 48 h before treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the indicated times. Gapdh was used as an endogenous reference for qPCR. Bars indicate means ± SEM. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies employed in the WB included: rabbit anti-GDF15 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-NRF2 (Affinity Biosciences, China), rabbit anti-p-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p38 MAPK (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-ERK1/ERK2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-JNK (Tyr185) recombinant antibody (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-JNK1/2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-CD68 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-Synapsin I (Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-PSD95 (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-Iba1 (Oasisbiofarm, China), mouse anti-α-Tubulin (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, USA), and mouse anti-β-actin (Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Growth differentiation factor 15 aggravates sepsis-induced cognitive and memory impairments by promoting microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03369-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 silencing reduces inflammatory factor production in LPS-stimulated microglia through regulation of NF-κB signaling. ( A ) Heatmap of mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in BV2 cells after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 6 h. ( B - E ) qPCR analysis of Il-6 ( B ), Il-1β ( C ), Tnf-α ( D ), and Ccl-2 ( E ) mRNA expression in BV2 cells (left panel) and primary microglia (right panel) after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for the indicated times. ( F - G ) ELISA measurements of IL-6 and TNF-α production in the culture supernatants of BV2 cells after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 12 h. ( H ) qPCR analysis of Il-6 mRNA expression in BV2 cells pretreated with recombinant GDF15 (200 ng/ml) for 30 min and then treated with LPS (1 µg/ml) for 3 h. ( I ) Western blotting showing levels of phosphorylated p65, p38, ERK, and JNK, or total proteins, in BV2 cell lysates after transfection with Gdf15 siRNA for 48 h and subsequent treatment with LPS for the indicated times. Gapdh was used as an endogenous reference for qPCR. Bars indicate means ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies employed in the WB included: rabbit anti-GDF15 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-NRF2 (Affinity Biosciences, China), rabbit anti-p-NF-κB p65 (Ser536) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) (ZEN-BIOSCIENCE, China), rabbit anti-p38 MAPK (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-ERK1/ERK2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-p-JNK (Tyr185) recombinant antibody (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-JNK1/2 (Abclonal, China), rabbit anti-CD68 (Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-Synapsin I (Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-PSD95 (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-Iba1 (Oasisbiofarm, China), mouse anti-α-Tubulin (Proteintech, USA), mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, USA), and mouse anti-β-actin (Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Recombinant, Western Blot

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07438-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative heatmap gene expression of RNA sequencing analysis shows that CD44 is involved with MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway. B and C GSEA shows that negative regulation of MAPK and NF-κB pathway was enriched in CD44 knockout mice versus wild-type mice upon IRI. NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR q -value < 0.25. D Representative micrographs show the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in different groups, as indicated. Paraffin sections were stained with antibodies against p-ERK1/2 and p-p38. Arrows indicate positive staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. E and F Representative western blot ( E ) and graphical presentations of p-p38/p38 and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 protein levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus wild-type mice upon sham group; # P < 0.05, ### P < 0.001 versus wild-type mice upon IRI group ( n = 5). G Co-localization of CD44 and p65 in 2 groups, as indicated. Frozen kidney sections were subjected to immunostaining of CD44 (red) and p65 (green). Scale bar, 50 μm. H and I Representative western blot ( H ) and graphical presentations of p-p65, p65, and p-p65/p65 protein levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus wild-type mice upon sham group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus wild-type mice upon IRI group ( n = 5).

Article Snippet: All primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit anti-CD44 (A00052; Boster), rabbit anti-Cleaved caspase 3 (25128-1-AP; Proteintech), rabbit anti-Perilipin 2 (A20843; Abclonal), rabbit anti-PPARα (A24853; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p38 (AP0526; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p65 (AP0475; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p65 (8242; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-TOMM20 (ab186735; Abcam), mouse anti-CD44 (60224-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-CPT1a (ab128568; Abcam), mouse anti-PGC-1α (66368-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-TOMM20 (66777-1-Ig; Proteintech), rat anti-CD44 (AB119348; Abcam), anti-LTL (FL-1321; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-PNA (FL-1071; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-DBA (FL1031; VECTOR Laboratories).

Techniques: Expressing, RNA Sequencing Assay, Knock-Out, Staining, Western Blot, Immunostaining

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07438-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative micrographs show the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in different groups, as indicated. Paraffin sections were stained with antibodies against p-ERK1/2 and p-p38. Arrows indicate positive staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. B and C Representative western blot ( B ) and graphical presentations of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p38/p38 protein levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus sham group; ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus IRI group injected with pcDNA3 ( n = 5). D Co-localization of CD44 and p65 in CD44 overexpression mice upon IRI. Frozen renal sections were subjected to immunostaining of CD44 (red) and p65 (green). Scale bar, 50 μm. E and F Representative western blot ( E ) and graphical presentations of p-p65, p65, and p-p65/p65 protein levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus sham group; ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus IRI group injected with pcDNA3 ( n = 5). G Co-localization of CD44 and PGC-1α in CD44 overexpression mice upon IRI. Frozen renal sections were subjected to immunostaining of CD44 (red) and PGC-1α (green). Scale bar, 50 μm. H and I Representative western blot ( H ) and graphical presentations of PGC-1α, TOMM20, PPARα, and CPT1a protein expression levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus sham group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus IRI group injected with pcDNA3 ( n = 5). J Representative micrographs show the expression of perilipin 2, and LDs via Oil Red O staining in different groups, as indicated. Frozen kidney sections were subjected to Oil Red O staining or stained with an antibody against perilipin 2. Arrows indicate positive staining. Scale bar, 50 or 100 μm.

Article Snippet: All primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit anti-CD44 (A00052; Boster), rabbit anti-Cleaved caspase 3 (25128-1-AP; Proteintech), rabbit anti-Perilipin 2 (A20843; Abclonal), rabbit anti-PPARα (A24853; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p38 (AP0526; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p65 (AP0475; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p65 (8242; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-TOMM20 (ab186735; Abcam), mouse anti-CD44 (60224-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-CPT1a (ab128568; Abcam), mouse anti-PGC-1α (66368-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-TOMM20 (66777-1-Ig; Proteintech), rat anti-CD44 (AB119348; Abcam), anti-LTL (FL-1321; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-PNA (FL-1071; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-DBA (FL1031; VECTOR Laboratories).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Western Blot, Injection, Over Expression, Immunostaining

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07438-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A and B HKC-8 was transfected with Ctrl-shR or CD44-shR and then were incubated in basal culture medium in a 1% O 2 environment for 24 h and then were reoxygenated in normal O 2 for 6 h. Representative western blot ( A ) and graphical presentations of p-p38/p38, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, and p-p65 protein expression levels are shown. ** P < 0.01 versus Crtl-shR group; ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001 versus H/R with Crtl-shR group ( n = 3). C Representative micrographs show the expression of p-p65 and MitoSox staining in different groups, as indicated. Arrows indicate positive staining. Cells cultured on coverslips were stained with an antibody against p-p65 or were stained with MitoSox. Scale bar, 25 or 50 μm. D Graphic presentation shows the relative mRNA levels of PGC-1α in different groups as indicated. ** P < 0.01 versus Crtl-shR group; ## P < 0.01 versus H/R with Crtl-shR group ( n = 3). E and F Representative western blot ( E ) and graphical representations of PGC-1α, TOMM20, CPT1a, and PPARα protein expression levels are shown. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus Crtl-shR group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus H/R with Crtl-shR group ( n = 3). G Representative micrographs show Nile Red staining and TUNEL assay in different groups, as indicated. Arrows indicate positive staining. Cells cultured on coverships were stained with Nile Red or TUNEL assay. Scale bar, 25 or 50 μm. H Co-localization of CD44 and cleaved caspase 3 in HKC-8 after H/R treatment. Cells cultured on coverships were subjected to immunostaining of CD44 (red) and cleaved caspase 3 (green). Scale bar, 50 μm. I and J Representative western blot ( I ) and graphical representations of BCL2, BAX, and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression levels are shown. ** P < 0.01 versus Crtl-shR group; # P < 0.05 versus H/R with Crtl-shR group ( n = 3). K and L HKC-8 was transfected with pcDNA3 or p-HA-CD44 overexpression plasmid and then were incubated in basal culture medium in a 1% O 2 environment for 24 h and then were reoxygenated in normal O 2 for 6 h. Representative western blot ( K ) and graphical representations of CD44, p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p-p38/p38 and p-p65 protein expression levels are shown. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus pcDNA3 group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus H/R with pcDNA3 group ( n = 3). M and N Representative western blot ( M ) and graphical presentations of PGC-1α, CPT1a, and PPARα protein expression levels are shown. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.001 versus pcDNA3 group; # P < 0.05 versus H/R with pcDNA3 group ( n = 3). O Representative micrographs show MitoSox staining in different groups, as indicated. Arrow indicates positive staining. Cells cultured on coverships were stained with MitoSox. Scale bar, 25 μm. P and Q Representative western blot ( P ) and graphical representations of BCL2, BAX, and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression levels are shown. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus pcDNA3 group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 versus H/R with pcDNA3 group ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: All primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit anti-CD44 (A00052; Boster), rabbit anti-Cleaved caspase 3 (25128-1-AP; Proteintech), rabbit anti-Perilipin 2 (A20843; Abclonal), rabbit anti-PPARα (A24853; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p38 (AP0526; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p65 (AP0475; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p65 (8242; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-TOMM20 (ab186735; Abcam), mouse anti-CD44 (60224-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-CPT1a (ab128568; Abcam), mouse anti-PGC-1α (66368-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-TOMM20 (66777-1-Ig; Proteintech), rat anti-CD44 (AB119348; Abcam), anti-LTL (FL-1321; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-PNA (FL-1071; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-DBA (FL1031; VECTOR Laboratories).

Techniques: Transfection, Incubation, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Cell Culture, TUNEL Assay, Immunostaining, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: Tubular CD44 plays a key role in aggravating AKI through NF-κB p65-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07438-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A and B HKC-8 was transfected with pcDNA3 or p-Flag-p65 overexpression plasmid for 24 h. Representative western blot ( A ) and graphical presentations of PGC-1α, CPT1a, BCL2, and cleaved caspase 3 protein expression levels are shown. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus pcDNA3 groups ( n = 3). C Quantitative PCR result showing relative mRNA level of PGC-1α. * P < 0.05 versus pcDNA3 groups ( n = 3). D Representative ChIP assay results showing the binding of p65 to PGC-1α gene promoter region. HKC-8 cells were transfected with pcDNA3 or p-Flag-p65 for 24 h. Cell lysates were precipitated with an antibody against p65, histone H3, or nonimmune IgG, and ChIP assay was performed for PGC-1α gene promoters. Total diluted lysate was used as total genomic input DNA. E–I HKC-8 was pre-treated with SB203580, PD98059 or PDTC at 1 h before transfection with pcDNA3 or p-HA-CD44 plasmid for 24 h. Representative western blot ( E ) and graphical presentations of F p-p38/p38, G p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, H p-p65, and I PGC-1α protein expression levels are shown. ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 versus pcDNA3 group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 versus pHA-CD44 group; †† P < 0.01, ††† P < 0.001 versus pHA-CD44 group; φφφ P < 0.001 versus pHA-CD44 group ( n = 3). J The heatmap exhibiting differentiated lipids of lipidomics sequencing between H/R with Crtl-shR group and H/R with CD44-shR group.

Article Snippet: All primary antibodies used were as follows: rabbit anti-CD44 (A00052; Boster), rabbit anti-Cleaved caspase 3 (25128-1-AP; Proteintech), rabbit anti-Perilipin 2 (A20843; Abclonal), rabbit anti-PPARα (A24853; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p38 (AP0526; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p-p65 (AP0475; Abclonal), rabbit anti-p65 (8242; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-TOMM20 (ab186735; Abcam), mouse anti-CD44 (60224-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-CPT1a (ab128568; Abcam), mouse anti-PGC-1α (66368-1-Ig; Proteintech), mouse anti-TOMM20 (66777-1-Ig; Proteintech), rat anti-CD44 (AB119348; Abcam), anti-LTL (FL-1321; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-PNA (FL-1071; VECTOR Laboratories), anti-DBA (FL1031; VECTOR Laboratories).

Techniques: Transfection, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Binding Assay, Sequencing