#8988s (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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#8988s, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/#8988s/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
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#8988s (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review
#8988s, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/#8988s/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
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ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "A local translation program regulates centriole amplification in the airway epithelium"
Article Title: A local translation program regulates centriole amplification in the airway epithelium
Journal: bioRxiv
doi: 10.1101/2022.01.18.476821

Figure Legend Snippet: a) Each panel represents a 3D image of confocal Z-stack images of a single MCC in culture. Apically localized granules are highlighted by dashed lines. TNRC6A stained with human Index serum (18033). DCP1A, DDX6 and XRN1 are concentrated in randomly-localized granules (P-bodies). However, DCP1A and DDX6 are undetectable in apically granules. XRN1 are present in small number of apically granules at low levels. b) Co-localization profile of apically-localized or randomly-localized granules (P-bodies) within the same MCC indicating the different concentration of these proteins in these two classes of granules. Percentage of granules with double labeling signal.
Techniques Used: Staining, Concentration Assay, Labeling
rabbit anti ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Rabbit Anti Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 88 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "Fragile X mental retardation protein is a Zika virus restriction factor that is antagonized by subgenomic flaviviral RNA"
Article Title: Fragile X mental retardation protein is a Zika virus restriction factor that is antagonized by subgenomic flaviviral RNA
Journal: eLife
doi: 10.7554/eLife.39023

Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic illustrating the secondary structures present in the ZIKV 3′ UTR and RNAs used for affinity chromatography. Deletion mutant RNA constructs fused to a tobramycin aptamer at the 5′ end are shown. DENV NS2A coding sequence was used as a negative control RNA. ( B ) Purified RNAs bound to tobramycin-sepharose beads were incubated with HeLa cell lysate and unbound proteins were washed away prior to elution for western blotting for DDX6, FMRP, FXR1, FXR2, G3BP1 and PTB.
Techniques Used: Affinity Chromatography, Mutagenesis, Construct, Sequencing, Negative Control, Purification, Incubation, Western Blot

Figure Legend Snippet:
Techniques Used: Knock-Out, Sequencing, Northern Blot
rabbit anti ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review
Rabbit Anti Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 88 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
rabbit polyclonal antibody against ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody Against Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit polyclonal antibody against ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 88 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
rabbit anti ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Rabbit Anti Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 88/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 88 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "DDX6 regulates sequestered nuclear CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in dystrophia myotonica type 1"
Article Title: DDX6 regulates sequestered nuclear CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in dystrophia myotonica type 1
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gku352

Figure Legend Snippet: Cytoplasmic CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA foci co-localize with MBNL1 outside processing bodies. ( A ) RNA-FISH using CAG 10 fluorescent probes showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic foci within DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts (left panel). White arrows indicate cytoplasmic foci. Right panel shows frequency of cytoplasmic foci (‘n’ indicates number of cells scored for foci; quantified using ImageJ). Scale bar = 10 μm. ( B ) Combined RNA-FISH/immunofluorescence (FISH/IF) analysis detecting CUG-foci (left panel) and endogenous MBNL1 (middle panel) in DM1 fibroblasts (merged in right panel). Below each panel are inserts with enlarged areas indicated as stippled squares (two nuclear; ‘N’ and one cytoplasmic ‘C’). ( C ) Combined RNA-FISH/immunofluorescence (FISH/IF) analysis detecting CUG-foci and endogenous DEAD-box helicase DDX6 as a processing body (PB) marker in either DM1 fibroblasts (top three panels) or wild-type fibroblasts (lower three panels). Arrows in top panels indicate cytoplasmic foci (enlarged within insert in the merged panel), which are absent in wild-type cells. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Techniques Used: Derivative Assay, Immunofluorescence, Marker

Figure Legend Snippet: Knockdown of DDX6 leads increases CUG-foci frequency in DM1 cells. ( A ) Representative pictures of FISH/IF experiments with DM1 fibroblasts using either DDX6 siRNA (DDX6 siRNA; upper panels) or control (control siRNA; lower panels). The two pictures to the right are enlarged areas originating from the indicated outlined boxes. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( B ) FISH/IF experiments with differentiated multinuclear muscle cells using either DDX6 siRNA (DDX6 siRNA; upper panels) or control (control siRNA; lower panels). The two pictures to the right are enlarged areas originating from the indicated outlined boxes. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( C ) Upper panel: western blot detecting endogenous DDX6 and a control (HuR) with or without transfected control or DDX6 siRNAs. Lower panel: functional quantification of knockdown efficiency by measuring hDCP1a positive PBs after DDX6 knockdown. Significance was calculated by a two-sided Student's t -test, where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001). ( D ) Boxplots showing distribution of CUG-foci frequencies counted in DM1 or DM1′ cells transfected with either control or DDX6 siRNA. The experiments were performed in triplicate and significance was determined by two-sided Student's t -test, where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001). ( E ) Boxplots of nuclear foci frequency in DM1 cells using a DDX6 siRNA (DDX6#2) targeting a different region within the mRNA. ( F ) Boxplots of nuclear foci frequency in MyoD-differentiated DM1′ cells using a DDX6#2 siRNA targeting a different region within the mRNA.
Techniques Used: Western Blot, Transfection, Functional Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: DDX6 expression modulates nuclear and cytoplasmic CUG-foci homeostasis. ( A ) RNA-FISH experiment of DM1′ cells transduced with vectors expressing either FLAG-tagged DDX6 (upper panels) or GFP (lower panels). RNA-FISH was performed 5 days post-transduction and RNA signal was merged with DAPI stain in a single channel with arrows indicating cytoplasmic CUG-foci. Stippled boxes are enlarged in the right panels with arrows marking cytoplasmic foci in the top right panel. Scale bar = 10 μm. ( B ) Quantification of RNA-FISH signal from the right panels in (A) using identical exposure and scaling (ImageJ). ( C ) Boxplot showing distribution of CUG-foci within the nuclear (left panel) or cytoplasmic (right panel) compartments. ‘ n ’ indicates number of cells scored for cytoplasmic and nuclear foci within one representative experiment. Note that DM1′ fibroblasts display a higher average number of cytoplasmic foci than DM1 cells. Significance was determined by two-sided Student's t -test, where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001.
Techniques Used: Expressing, Transduction, Staining

Figure Legend Snippet: DDX6 expression partially rescues DM1-specific mis-splicing. ( A ) Total RNA from FLAG-DDX6- or GFP-expressing cells was isolated and subjected to semi-quantitative RT-PCR amplifying Insulin Receptor 2 (IR2) amplicons either lacking (bottom bands) or retaining exon 11 (top bands) and these were quantified from three independent experiments (quantified in lower panel). ( B ) Same as (A) but for ppp2r5c cDNA. Error bars indicate standard deviation from triplicate experiments. Significance was determined by two-sided Student's t -test, where ‘*’ denotes P < 0.05 and ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001.
Techniques Used: Expressing, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Standard Deviation

Figure Legend Snippet: DDX6 interacts with CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in vivo and in vitro . ( A ) RNA immunoprecipitation assay followed by semi-qRT-PCR analysis of FLAG-DDX6 immunoprecipitates reveals a strong binding preference of DDX6 for CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA. Lanes 1–4 represents cDNA dilutions showing that PCR is conducted within the linear area of amplification. Lane 5 is DNA size marker. Lanes 6–9 show products of PCR reactions performed on the input cDNA before immunoprecipitation, which both demonstrates comparable loading and that DMPK-mRNA levels are virtually unaffected by either GFP (lane 6–7) or FLAG-DDX6 (lane 8–9) expression in both WT or DM1 fibroblasts. Lanes 10–13 shows the products from immunoprecipitated DMPK-mRNA for GFP negative control (lanes 10–11) and DDX6 (lanes 12–13). ( B ) Experiment was performed in triplicate and significance was determined by two-sided Student's t -test, where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001). DDX6 IP-efficiency of GAPDH mRNA was included as a control and was quantified qRT-PCR, revealing that DDX6 precipitates GAPDH mRNA to similar levels in both WT and DM1 fibroblasts. ( C ) Western blots showing expression profile (INPUT—lanes 1 and 2) and IP-efficiency of FLAG-tagged DDX6 (lanes 3 and 4) used in the RIP experiment, demonstrating similar expression and IP-profiles between WT and DM1 cells. ( D ) Left panel: Band shift analysis using recombinant GST-DDX6 and CUG-200 RNA in binding reactions with increasing amounts of either DDX6 or DDX6(DEAA) mutant. Right panel: Competition experiment using high concentration of DDX6 or DDX6(DEAA) and cold CUG–RNA at 20-fold (+) or 500-fold (++) excess compared to radiolabeled CUG–RNA.
Techniques Used: In Vivo, In Vitro, Immunoprecipitation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Binding Assay, Amplification, Marker, Expressing, Negative Control, Western Blot, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Recombinant, Mutagenesis, Concentration Assay

Figure Legend Snippet: MBNL1 re-localizes upon manipulation of DDX6 levels. ( A ) Co-immunofluorescence analysis using MBNL1 (left) and DDX6 (middle) antibodies reveals increased focal accumulation of MBNL1 in the nucleus upon DDX6 knockdown (compare top panels to lower panels). ( B ) Integrated pixel densities of the nuclei displayed in (A) (ImageJ). Insert next to Z-axis indicate quantified area. ( C ) Boxplot showing distribution of integrated intensities from three cells randomly chosen with efficient knockdown (low DDX6 signal). D) Co-immunofluorescence analysis using MBNL1 (left) and DDX6 (middle panel) antibodies reveals decreased focal accumulation of MBNL1 in the nucleus upon DDX6 overexpression. ( E ) Integrated pixel densities of the nuclei displayed in (D) (ImageJ). Insert next to Z-axis indicate quantified area.
Techniques Used: Immunofluorescence, Over Expression
![... to the cytoplasm correlates with co-localization of overexpressed DDX6 and CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in DM1 cells. ( A ... CUG-foci release to the cytoplasm correlates with co-localization of overexpressed DDX6 and CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in DM1 cells. ( A ) Representative FISH/IF analysis of DDX6 and CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in transduced (FLAG-DDX6) DM1 cells with ‘normal’ exposure of the FISH signal (left panel) and ‘longer’ exposure of FISH signal (right panel). Note that nuclear FISH signal is saturated. ( B ) Boxplot showing quantification of nuclear foci between GFP-DDX6 WT and GFP-DDX6 DEAA expressing cells. Significance was tested using Student's t -test where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001. ( C ) RNA helicase assay. A biotinylated 45-mer CUG-oligo was annealed to a radioactively labeled 45-mer CUG-oligo prior to capture on Dynabeads. Immunopurified 3XFLAG-DDX6 from HEK293S cells was incubated with the RNA-duplex and unwinding and release of the radiolabeled strand from dynabeads was monitored. ( D ) RNA helicase assay. Release of radiolabeled CUG-strand was monitored over time by denaturing acrylamide PAGE. Lane 1: 25% of input RNA. Lane 2: no biotinylated CUG-oligo was added to the annealing reaction prior to capture. Lane 3: no DDX6 was added to the reaction. Lane 4: no ATP was added to reaction. Lanes 5–8: timecourse experiment incubating wild type DDX6 with RNA duplex for 0 min, 10 min, 25 min and 60 min. Lanes 9–12: timecourse experiment incubating DDX6(DEAA) with RNA duplex for 0 min, 10 min, 25 min and 60 min. ( E ) Quantification of helicase assay using three independent preparations of DDX6 [error bars represent standard deviation ( n = 3)].](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_6779/pmc04066779/pmc04066779__gku352fig7.jpg)
Figure Legend Snippet: CUG-foci release to the cytoplasm correlates with co-localization of overexpressed DDX6 and CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in DM1 cells. ( A ) Representative FISH/IF analysis of DDX6 and CUG-expanded DMPK-mRNA in transduced (FLAG-DDX6) DM1 cells with ‘normal’ exposure of the FISH signal (left panel) and ‘longer’ exposure of FISH signal (right panel). Note that nuclear FISH signal is saturated. ( B ) Boxplot showing quantification of nuclear foci between GFP-DDX6 WT and GFP-DDX6 DEAA expressing cells. Significance was tested using Student's t -test where ‘***’ denotes P < 0.001. ( C ) RNA helicase assay. A biotinylated 45-mer CUG-oligo was annealed to a radioactively labeled 45-mer CUG-oligo prior to capture on Dynabeads. Immunopurified 3XFLAG-DDX6 from HEK293S cells was incubated with the RNA-duplex and unwinding and release of the radiolabeled strand from dynabeads was monitored. ( D ) RNA helicase assay. Release of radiolabeled CUG-strand was monitored over time by denaturing acrylamide PAGE. Lane 1: 25% of input RNA. Lane 2: no biotinylated CUG-oligo was added to the annealing reaction prior to capture. Lane 3: no DDX6 was added to the reaction. Lane 4: no ATP was added to reaction. Lanes 5–8: timecourse experiment incubating wild type DDX6 with RNA duplex for 0 min, 10 min, 25 min and 60 min. Lanes 9–12: timecourse experiment incubating DDX6(DEAA) with RNA duplex for 0 min, 10 min, 25 min and 60 min. ( E ) Quantification of helicase assay using three independent preparations of DDX6 [error bars represent standard deviation ( n = 3)].
Techniques Used: Expressing, Helicase Assay, Labeling, Incubation, Standard Deviation

Figure Legend Snippet:
Techniques Used: Sequencing
rabbit anti ddx6 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Rabbit Anti Ddx6, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "5-Fluorouracil affects assembly of stress granules based on RNA incorporation"
Article Title: 5-Fluorouracil affects assembly of stress granules based on RNA incorporation
Journal: Nucleic Acids Research
doi: 10.1093/nar/gku264

Figure Legend Snippet: 5-FU-induced SG assembly depends on RNA incorporation. (A) Schematic representation of the cellular 5-FU metabolism leading to incorporation of the different metabolites into RNA or DNA. (B) HeLa cells were treated with two concentrations of the 5-FU metabolites FUrd or FdUrd for 72 h. SG marker protein TIAR (green) and SG/P-body marker protein DDX6 (red) were visualized. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bars represent 20 μm.
Techniques Used: Marker, Staining

Figure Legend Snippet: 5-FU-induced SG assembly is rescued by interfering with RNA incorporation. HeLa cells were treated with 1 mM Urd, 0.1 mM 5-FU or both, as well as with 1 μM FUrd or a combination of 1 μM FUrd and 10 μM Urd. Localization of SG marker protein TIAR (green) and SG/P-body marker protein DDX6 (red) was investigated. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bars represent 20 μm.
Techniques Used: Marker, Staining

Figure Legend Snippet: 5-FU treatment increases the number of P-bodies. (A) HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of 5-FU for 72 h. The SG/P-body marker protein DDX6 (red) and the P-body marker protein DCP1 (green) were visualized and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst. Scale bars represent 20 μm. (B) Representative view fields of the quantitative HCS microscopy analysis are shown. Outer cell borders (green lines) were calculated by extending the nuclear region (blue lines). DDX6-positive P-bodies were quantified. (C–E) Cell number (C) , size of nuclei (D) and number of DDX6-positive P-bodies (E) were analyzed by HCS microscopy. Results are expressed as mean ± SD from one representative experiment; n = 5 replicate wells, * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's Multiple Comparison post test.
Techniques Used: Marker, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Microscopy
rabbit anti ddx6 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review
Rabbit Anti Ddx6 Antibody, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6 antibody/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
rabbit anti ddx6 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Rabbit Anti Ddx6 Antibody, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6 antibody/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "Mov10 and APOBEC3G Localization to Processing Bodies Is Not Required for Virion Incorporation and Antiviral Activity"
Article Title: Mov10 and APOBEC3G Localization to Processing Bodies Is Not Required for Virion Incorporation and Antiviral Activity
Journal: Journal of Virology
doi: 10.1128/JVI.02070-13

Figure Legend Snippet: P-body localization and virion incorporation of Mov10, A3G, A3F, and AGO2. (A) Colocalization of eYFP-Mov10, A3G-eYFP, A3F-eYFP, and AGO2-eYFP with P-body marker protein mRFP-DDX6 was determined in cotransfected HeLa cells. Live cells were visualized at 16 h posttransfection using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Examples of P bodies showing colocalization of eYFP and mRFP signals are labeled with white arrowheads. Scale bars, 10 μm. (B) Single-virion analysis of eYFP-tagged P-body marker proteins, DCP1a, DCP2, Mov10, A3G, A3F, AGO2, and DDX6. Representative images of virus particles labeled with Gag (CeFP) and HIV-1 RNA (mCherry) are shown. The white arrowheads indicate virus particles containing eYFP signals. The yellow circles and arrowheads indicate virus particles that do not contain eYFP signals. (C) Immunoblotting analysis of cellular expression levels of eYFP-tagged proteins in virus producer cells. Total cell lysates were analyzed using an anti-GFP antibody, and the intensities of bands of the expected size were quantified using the Odyssey system. The amount of protein loaded was normalized using the α-tubulin amounts. (D) Virion incorporation of eYFP-tagged P-body proteins. Packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal (eYFP-tagged P-body proteins) (top). The average integral intensity per virus particle (CFP+ and mCherry+) was calculated for eYFP (bottom). The number of eYFP+ virus particles and the total particle numbers counted are shown above each sample. The error bars represent the standard deviations for two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant decreases compared to A3G-eYFP (white bars; *, P < 0.05; t test).
Techniques Used: Marker, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Western Blot, Expressing

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of A3G localization to P bodies on virion incorporation. (A) Overexpression of SRP19, but not SRP19Δ6, impairs 7SL RNA packaging into HIV-1 virions. Virion-associated 7SL RNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The amount of 7SL RNA packaged in HIV-1 virions in the mock-transfected sample, which was adjusted for virus input by determination of the HIV-1 gag RNA copy number, was set to 100%. (B) Effect of SRP19 overexpression on the P-body localization of A3F, A3G, and Mov10. Colocalization of eYFP-tagged A3F, A3G, or Mov10 with the P-body marker protein mRFP-DDX6 was determined in cotransfected HeLa cells. Live cells were visualized 16 h posttransfection using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The white arrowheads indicate examples of P bodies showing colocalization of eYFP and mRFP signals; the yellow circles and arrowheads indicate mRFP spots that do not colocalize with eYFP signals. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Effect of SRP19 overexpression on P-body localization of A3F-eYFP, A3G-eYFP, and eYFP-Mov10. P-body localization was determined by calculating the percentage of mRFP-DDX6 spots (P bodies) that contain eYFP signal. The total numbers of P bodies (mRFP-DDX6 spots) and the total number of cells counted in this experiment are shown above each sample. (D) Effects of SRP19 and SRP19Δ6 overexpression on the packaging efficiency of A3F-eYFP, A3G-eYFP, and eYFP-Mov10 as determined by single-virion analysis. The packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal (eYFP-tagged P-body proteins) (top). The average integral intensity per virus particle (CFP+ and mCherry+) was calculated for eYFP (bottom). For panels A and C, the error bars represent the SEM from three independent experiments. For panel D, the error bars represent the standard deviation for two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; t test) in comparison to the SRP19Δ6 controls (C, gray bars) or the mock samples (A and D, white bars).
Techniques Used: Over Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Marker, Confocal Microscopy, Standard Deviation

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of DDX6 knockdown on P-body formation and Mov10 antiviral activity. (A, I) Colocalization of eYFP-Mov10 or eYFP-V866A with endogenous DDX6 after treatment with control siRNA (Ctrl siRNA) or DDX6 siRNA (DDX6 KD). HeLa cells were immunostained with anti-DDX6 antibody (Alexa Fluor 594; red) to detect endogenous DDX6 48 h after transfection with DDX6 siRNA and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Scale bars, 10 μm. Untransfected cells, which did not contain any eYFP signal, are marked by white dotted lines. (A, II) Quantitation of P bodies, as determined by the number of eYFP-Mov10- or eYFP-V866A-containing cytoplasmic puncta. The numbers of eYFP-Mov10-containing or eYFP-V866A-containing puncta per cell are shown after transfection with either control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA. (B) Immunoblotting analysis of 293T cells transfected with a control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA. (C) The packaging efficiency of eYFP-Mov10 and eYFP-V866A mutants produced from cells treated with control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA was determined by single-virion analysis. The packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal. (D) The effect of DDX6 knockdown on Mov10's ability to inhibit virus infectivity was determined by infecting TZM-bl indicator cells with p24 CA-normalized amounts of virus. The infectivity of virus produced from cells transfected with control siRNA in the absence of any Mov10 expression plasmid (Mock) was set to 100%. Relative infectivities of viruses produced in the presence of eYFP-Mov10 or eYFP-V866A after control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA are shown. For panels A and D, the error bars represent the SEM for two and three independent experiments, respectively. For panel C, the error bars represent the standard deviations from two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; t test) compared to control siRNA-treated samples.
Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Transfection, Confocal Microscopy, Quantitation Assay, Western Blot, Produced, Infection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation

Figure Legend Snippet: Analysis of cellular complexes containing P-body proteins by sucrose density gradient fractionation. Sucrose density gradients were generated by using 5% to 65% sucrose. Cytoplasmic extracts from 293T cells transfected with HDV-EGFP, HDV-EGFP plus FLAG-Mov10, or FLAG-Mov10 alone were separated over the gradients by ultracentrifugation and collected in 20 fractions. The proteins in each fraction were analyzed by immunoblotting. The intensities of the protein bands were calculated for each fraction, and the sum of the intensities of all fractions was set to 100%. The percentage of the protein present in each fraction was determined and plotted. (A) (I) Distribution of polysomes by immunoblotting for S6, a ribosomal protein. (II) Distribution of P-body marker proteins DCP2, LSM1 eIF4e, DDX6, AGO1, and AGO2. (III) Distribution of p55 Gag in the absence (blue line) or presence (black line) of FLAG-Mov10. (IV) Distribution of endogenous Mov10 (blue line) or the exogenous FLAG-Mov10 alone (red line) or in the presence of HDV-EGFP (black line). (V) Distribution of p55 Gag in the absence (blue line) or presence of exogenous FLAG-Mov10 after treatment with RNase A. (VI) Distribution of A3G in the presence of HDV-EGFP (blue line) or in the presence of both HDV-EGFP and FLAG-Mov10 (black line). (B) Distribution of FLAG-Mov10 DQAG, V866A, R730A/N731A, and T911A/R912A (I) and G527A, S556A, and G681A/D682A (II) mutants. (C) Distribution of HIV-1 gag RNA in the absence or presence of FLAG-Mov10 or its mutant DQAG or R730A/N731A. (A and B) Total RNAs were extracted from each fraction and quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The error bars indicate SEM from two independent experiments.
Techniques Used: Fractionation, Generated, Transfection, Western Blot, Marker, Mutagenesis, Quantitative RT-PCR
rabbit anti ddx6 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


Structured Review

Rabbit Anti Ddx6 Antibody, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit anti ddx6 antibody/product/Cell Signaling Technology Inc
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
Images
1) Product Images from "Mov10 and APOBEC3G Localization to Processing Bodies Is Not Required for Virion Incorporation and Antiviral Activity"
Article Title: Mov10 and APOBEC3G Localization to Processing Bodies Is Not Required for Virion Incorporation and Antiviral Activity
Journal: Journal of Virology
doi: 10.1128/JVI.02070-13

Figure Legend Snippet: P-body localization and virion incorporation of Mov10, A3G, A3F, and AGO2. (A) Colocalization of eYFP-Mov10, A3G-eYFP, A3F-eYFP, and AGO2-eYFP with P-body marker protein mRFP-DDX6 was determined in cotransfected HeLa cells. Live cells were visualized at 16 h posttransfection using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Examples of P bodies showing colocalization of eYFP and mRFP signals are labeled with white arrowheads. Scale bars, 10 μm. (B) Single-virion analysis of eYFP-tagged P-body marker proteins, DCP1a, DCP2, Mov10, A3G, A3F, AGO2, and DDX6. Representative images of virus particles labeled with Gag (CeFP) and HIV-1 RNA (mCherry) are shown. The white arrowheads indicate virus particles containing eYFP signals. The yellow circles and arrowheads indicate virus particles that do not contain eYFP signals. (C) Immunoblotting analysis of cellular expression levels of eYFP-tagged proteins in virus producer cells. Total cell lysates were analyzed using an anti-GFP antibody, and the intensities of bands of the expected size were quantified using the Odyssey system. The amount of protein loaded was normalized using the α-tubulin amounts. (D) Virion incorporation of eYFP-tagged P-body proteins. Packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal (eYFP-tagged P-body proteins) (top). The average integral intensity per virus particle (CFP+ and mCherry+) was calculated for eYFP (bottom). The number of eYFP+ virus particles and the total particle numbers counted are shown above each sample. The error bars represent the standard deviations for two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant decreases compared to A3G-eYFP (white bars; *, P < 0.05; t test).
Techniques Used: Marker, Confocal Microscopy, Labeling, Western Blot, Expressing

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of A3G localization to P bodies on virion incorporation. (A) Overexpression of SRP19, but not SRP19Δ6, impairs 7SL RNA packaging into HIV-1 virions. Virion-associated 7SL RNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The amount of 7SL RNA packaged in HIV-1 virions in the mock-transfected sample, which was adjusted for virus input by determination of the HIV-1 gag RNA copy number, was set to 100%. (B) Effect of SRP19 overexpression on the P-body localization of A3F, A3G, and Mov10. Colocalization of eYFP-tagged A3F, A3G, or Mov10 with the P-body marker protein mRFP-DDX6 was determined in cotransfected HeLa cells. Live cells were visualized 16 h posttransfection using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The white arrowheads indicate examples of P bodies showing colocalization of eYFP and mRFP signals; the yellow circles and arrowheads indicate mRFP spots that do not colocalize with eYFP signals. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Effect of SRP19 overexpression on P-body localization of A3F-eYFP, A3G-eYFP, and eYFP-Mov10. P-body localization was determined by calculating the percentage of mRFP-DDX6 spots (P bodies) that contain eYFP signal. The total numbers of P bodies (mRFP-DDX6 spots) and the total number of cells counted in this experiment are shown above each sample. (D) Effects of SRP19 and SRP19Δ6 overexpression on the packaging efficiency of A3F-eYFP, A3G-eYFP, and eYFP-Mov10 as determined by single-virion analysis. The packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal (eYFP-tagged P-body proteins) (top). The average integral intensity per virus particle (CFP+ and mCherry+) was calculated for eYFP (bottom). For panels A and C, the error bars represent the SEM from three independent experiments. For panel D, the error bars represent the standard deviation for two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; t test) in comparison to the SRP19Δ6 controls (C, gray bars) or the mock samples (A and D, white bars).
Techniques Used: Over Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Marker, Confocal Microscopy, Standard Deviation

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of DDX6 knockdown on P-body formation and Mov10 antiviral activity. (A, I) Colocalization of eYFP-Mov10 or eYFP-V866A with endogenous DDX6 after treatment with control siRNA (Ctrl siRNA) or DDX6 siRNA (DDX6 KD). HeLa cells were immunostained with anti-DDX6 antibody (Alexa Fluor 594; red) to detect endogenous DDX6 48 h after transfection with DDX6 siRNA and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Scale bars, 10 μm. Untransfected cells, which did not contain any eYFP signal, are marked by white dotted lines. (A, II) Quantitation of P bodies, as determined by the number of eYFP-Mov10- or eYFP-V866A-containing cytoplasmic puncta. The numbers of eYFP-Mov10-containing or eYFP-V866A-containing puncta per cell are shown after transfection with either control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA. (B) Immunoblotting analysis of 293T cells transfected with a control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA. (C) The packaging efficiency of eYFP-Mov10 and eYFP-V866A mutants produced from cells treated with control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA was determined by single-virion analysis. The packaging efficiency was calculated by determining the percentage of CeFP+ (Gag) plus mCherry+ (HIV-1 RNA) particles that contained the eYFP signal. (D) The effect of DDX6 knockdown on Mov10's ability to inhibit virus infectivity was determined by infecting TZM-bl indicator cells with p24 CA-normalized amounts of virus. The infectivity of virus produced from cells transfected with control siRNA in the absence of any Mov10 expression plasmid (Mock) was set to 100%. Relative infectivities of viruses produced in the presence of eYFP-Mov10 or eYFP-V866A after control siRNA or DDX6 siRNA are shown. For panels A and D, the error bars represent the SEM for two and three independent experiments, respectively. For panel C, the error bars represent the standard deviations from two independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; t test) compared to control siRNA-treated samples.
Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Transfection, Confocal Microscopy, Quantitation Assay, Western Blot, Produced, Infection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation

Figure Legend Snippet: Analysis of cellular complexes containing P-body proteins by sucrose density gradient fractionation. Sucrose density gradients were generated by using 5% to 65% sucrose. Cytoplasmic extracts from 293T cells transfected with HDV-EGFP, HDV-EGFP plus FLAG-Mov10, or FLAG-Mov10 alone were separated over the gradients by ultracentrifugation and collected in 20 fractions. The proteins in each fraction were analyzed by immunoblotting. The intensities of the protein bands were calculated for each fraction, and the sum of the intensities of all fractions was set to 100%. The percentage of the protein present in each fraction was determined and plotted. (A) (I) Distribution of polysomes by immunoblotting for S6, a ribosomal protein. (II) Distribution of P-body marker proteins DCP2, LSM1 eIF4e, DDX6, AGO1, and AGO2. (III) Distribution of p55 Gag in the absence (blue line) or presence (black line) of FLAG-Mov10. (IV) Distribution of endogenous Mov10 (blue line) or the exogenous FLAG-Mov10 alone (red line) or in the presence of HDV-EGFP (black line). (V) Distribution of p55 Gag in the absence (blue line) or presence of exogenous FLAG-Mov10 after treatment with RNase A. (VI) Distribution of A3G in the presence of HDV-EGFP (blue line) or in the presence of both HDV-EGFP and FLAG-Mov10 (black line). (B) Distribution of FLAG-Mov10 DQAG, V866A, R730A/N731A, and T911A/R912A (I) and G527A, S556A, and G681A/D682A (II) mutants. (C) Distribution of HIV-1 gag RNA in the absence or presence of FLAG-Mov10 or its mutant DQAG or R730A/N731A. (A and B) Total RNAs were extracted from each fraction and quantified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The error bars indicate SEM from two independent experiments.
Techniques Used: Fractionation, Generated, Transfection, Western Blot, Marker, Mutagenesis, Quantitative RT-PCR