Journal: Drug Design, Development and Therapy

Article Title: Novel targeting of PEGylated liposomes for codelivery of TGF-β1 siRNA and four antitubercular drugs to human macrophages for the treatment of mycobacterial infection: a quantitative proteomic study

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S79369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of the novel NP-siRNA liposomes on the expression levels of pro- and antiautophagic proteins in THP-1-derived macrophages determined by Western blotting assay. Notes: ( A ) Representive blots of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, PTEN, beclin 1, and LC3 in macrophages treated with the NP-siRNA liposomes at 2.5, 12.5, and 62.5 μg/mL for 24 hours. ( B ) Bar graphs show the effect of NP-siRNA liposomes on the levels of p-PI3K, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p38 MAPK, p38 MAPK, PTEN, beclin 1, and LC3 in macrophages. β-actin was used as the internal control. Data are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * P <0.05 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; LC3, microtube-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NP, nanoparticle; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; SD, standard deviation; siRNA, small interfering RNA.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against human phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), p38 MAPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Small Interfering RNA