phosphonomycin  (Merck & Co)

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Isoferulic acid suppresses Escherichia coli biofilm formation via LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing inhibition and synergizes with fosfomycin

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1837128

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of IFA (400 μg/mL) combined with antibiotics on bacterial viability of E. coli O157:H7. (A) Fosfomycin sodium. (B) Ceftriaxone. (C) Gentamicin. (D) Polymyxin B. (E) Streptomycin. (F) Chloramphenicol. (G) Tetracycline. (H) Azithromycin. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Fosfomycin sodium, cefquinome, gentamicin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin were purchased from MCE.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Isoferulic acid suppresses Escherichia coli biofilm formation via LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing inhibition and synergizes with fosfomycin

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1837128

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo evaluation of the IFA/fosfomycin sodium combination strategy. (A) Mouse survival rate during the treatment period. (B) Bacterial load in ileum after different treatments. (C) Bacterial load in liver after different treatments. (D) Bacterial load in spleen after different treatments. (E) H&E staining of liver, spleen, and ileum tissues. Yellow arrows: shedding of intestinal villous epithelial cells, green arrows: cellular swelling, blue arrows: lymphocytes, purple arrows: granulocytes, black arrows: congestion, orange arrows: nuclear fragmentation, light green arrows: pigment deposition. (F) Fluorescence staining of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) in ileum tissues. **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Fosfomycin sodium, cefquinome, gentamicin, polymyxin B, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin were purchased from MCE.

Techniques: In Vivo, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Peptidoglycan recycling is critical for cell division, cell wall integrity, and β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus

doi: 10.7554/eLife.109465

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

Article Snippet: Resistance against fosfomycin was assessed using Fosfomycin MIC Test Strips (Liofilchem, Italy).

Techniques: Serial Dilution, Spot Test, Mutagenesis, Stripping Membranes

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Peptidoglycan recycling is critical for cell division, cell wall integrity, and β-lactam resistance in Caulobacter crescentus

doi: 10.7554/eLife.109465

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Phase contrast images of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phase. Scale bar: 5 µm. ( B ) Superplots showing the distribution of cell lengths in populations of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ anmK (PR252), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells in the exponential (exp) and stationary (stat) growth phase. Data (n=100 cells per replicate) are presented as described for . The statistical significance ( p -value) of differences between conditions was assessed using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ns indicates p -values >0.1. ( C ) Serial dilution spot assay investigating the growth of C. crescentus Δ anmK (PR252) and Δ amgK (PR262) on plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin. The cells were spotted on the same plates as those depicted in . See for all replicates (n=3 independent experiments). ( D ) Levels of N-acetylmuramic acid (Mur N Ac) in the cytoplasm of C. crescentus wild-type and Δ amgK (PR262) cells, measured by metabolomics analysis through quantification of the corresponding mass spectrometric peak areas. The mass spectrometric peak areas were normalized against the mean obtained for the Δ amgK mutant. The statistical significance of differences between the two strains was determined using a two-sided Welch’s t -test. ( E ) Analysis of the growth of C. crescentus wild-type, Δ nagK (PR255), and Δ amgK (PR262) cells on agar containing a fosfomycin gradient. The fosfomycin concentrations on the MIC test strip are indicated in the legend on the right.

Article Snippet: Chemical compound, drug , fosfomycin MIC test stripes , Liofilchem, Italy , Cat. #: 92078 , .

Techniques: Serial Dilution, Spot Test, Mutagenesis, Stripping Membranes