Journal: Journal of Oncology

Article Title: A Water-Soluble Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Suppresses the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Inhibiting the AKT/GSK-3 β / β -Catenin and TGF- β /Smad2/3 Signaling Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2023/8456852

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of HA-ADT on the apoptotic level and AKT/GSK-3 β / β -catenin pathway in human HCC cells. (a) TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic level (original magnification, 100x). (b) The apoptotic index was counted as the ratio of TUNEL positive cells to total cells. (c) Flow cytometry assay was adopted to detect apoptosis. (d) Cell apoptosis distribution was analyzed. (e) Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3 β , p-GSK-3 β , β -catenin, and p- β -catenin. β -actin was adopted as the internal control. (f) The density was analyzed. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments; ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01 vs. control group; △ P < 0.05, △△ P < 0.01 vs. NaHS group; ## P < 0.01 vs. GYY4137 group.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies include anti-Cyclin E1, anti-Cyclin D1, anti-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, anti-CDK4, anti-p27, anti-p21, anti-AKT, anti-phospho (p)-AKT (Ser473), anti-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Gsk‐3 β ), anti-p-Gsk-3 β (Ser9), anti- β -catenin, anti-p- β -catenin (Ser552), anti-beclin-1, anti-p62, anti-LC3A/B, anti-Smad2, anti-p-Smad2 (Ser465/467), anti-Smad3, anti-p-Smad3 (Ser423/425), and anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF‐ β ) antibodies, as well as the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA).

Techniques: TUNEL Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Selective PPARγ modulator diosmin improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white fat

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103059

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute diosmin (Dios) administration improves diabetic gene programs in iWAT of mice. A , experimental model of acute control (Con) or Dios administration in mice with iWAT unilateral injection (n = 4). B , protein levels of S273 p-PPARγ, ( C ) p-IRβ, p-AKT, and p-GSK3β, ( D ) expression of gene set regulated by PPARγ S273 phosphorylation in iWAT of mice after acute Dios administration. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01 compared with control group. iWAT, inguinal white adipose tissue; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated in 5% bovine serum albumin for 2 h and with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, including anti-p-PPARγ (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: bs-4888R; Bioss biotech), anti-PPARγ (1:1000 dilution) (catalog no.: sc-7273; Santa Cruz), anti-p-IRβ (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 3025; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-AKT (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 13038; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p-GSK3β (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: 9322; Cell Signaling Technology) (1:2000 dilution), anti-UCP1 (catalog no.: Ab10983; Abcam), or β-actin (1:2000 dilution) (catalog no.: sc-47778; Santa Biotechnology).

Techniques: Injection, Expressing

Journal: Cancers

Article Title: P38 Mediates Tumor Suppression through Reduced Autophagy and Actin Cytoskeleton Changes in NRAS-Mutant Melanoma

doi: 10.3390/cancers15030877

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of primary antibodies.

Article Snippet: Phospho GSK-ß 9322 , 1:1000 , Cell Signaling , LC3 ab51520 , 1:3000 , Abcam.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: APPsα rescues CDK5 and GSK3β dysregulation and restores normal spine density in Tau transgenic mice

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1106176

Figure Lengend Snippet: APPsα restores normal GSK3β activity and modulates the Akt/GSK3β pathway in THY-Tau22 mice. (A) Schematic overview of the regulation of GSK3β activity. Activated Akt (pAkt Ser473 ) negatively regulates the activity of GSK3β through phosphorylation of Ser 9 , which leads to GSK3β inactivation. (B) Western blot analysis of hippocampi from AAV-Venus or AAV-APPsα injected littermates (LM) or THY-Tau22 mice. Specific antibodies were used to detect total GSK3β and inactive pGSK3β Ser9 . Vinculin is depicted as a qualitative loading control. Note that for quantification of immunoreactive bands a normalization was performed against total protein level per lane (stain-free method, Bio-Rad). (C) No differences were detected for total GSK3β between groups. (D) THY-Tau22-Venus mice revealed a strong trend toward reduced GSK3β activity, as shown by signal intensities of inactive pGSK3β Ser9 normalized to that of total GSK3β (LM-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-Venus, p = 0.060). AAV-APPsα expression restored GSK3β activity to littermate control level (THY-Tau22-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-APPsα, p = 0.051). (E) Radioactive kinase assay involving Western blot (WB) and phosphorimaging (PI) analysis after immunoprecipitation of GSK3β from AAV-Venus or AAV-APPsα injected littermates and THY-Tau22 mice. Radioactively labeled Tau was visualized using PI. Recombinant Tau (HT7), GSK3β and CDK5 were visualized by immunodetection using specific monoclonal antibodies. Note the absence of CDK5 after immunoprecipitation of GSK3β. (F) Quantitative analysis revealed significantly increased GSK3β activity (PI signal normalized to total immunoprecipitated GSK3β, WB signal) in THY-Tau22-Venus mice compared to LM-Venus mice (LM-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-Venus, ** p = 0.007). AAV-APPsα restored normal GSK3β activity (THY-Tau22-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-APPsα, ** p = 0.007). (G) Western blot analysis of total Akt and active Akt (pAkt Ser473 ) in THY-Tau22 mice after AAV-Venus or AAV-APPsα injection. Vinculin is depicted as a qualitative loading control. Note that for quantification of immunoreactive bands a normalization was performed against total protein level per lane (stain-free method, Bio-Rad). (H,I) Quantitative analysis of the Western blot depicted in (G) . THY-Tau22 mice showed a reduction in (H) the total expression of Akt (LM-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-Venus, ** p = 0.003) and (I) for the activating Ser 473 phosphorylation of Akt (LM-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-Venus, *** p = 0.0005). AAV-APPsα rescued both total Akt and pAkt 473 (THY-Tau22-Venus vs. THY-Tau22-APPsα, *** p = 0.0002 and *** p = 0.0009), respectively. Data are depicted as mean ± SEM; N, number of animals; age of analysis, 12 months, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: AT8 (mouse monoclonal, 1:500, #MN1020, Thermo Fisher Scientific), AT180 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #MN1040, Thermo Fisher Scientific), HT7 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #MN1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific), MC1 (mouse monoclonal, 1:500, kindly provided by Peter Davies), α-CDK5 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #sc-6247, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-p35/p25 (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000, #2680, Cell Signaling Technology), α-Vinculin (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #sc-73614, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-GAPDH (rabbit polyclonal, 1:2000, #ABS16, Merck Millipore), α-beta-Tubulin (mouse monoclonal, 1:10000, #MAB3408, Merck Millipore), α-GSK3β (mouse monoclonal, 1:1500, #9832, Cell Signaling Technology), α-pGSK3β Ser9 (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000, #9322, Cell Signaling Technology), α-GFAP (rabbit polyclonal, 1:1000, #173002, Synaptic Systems), α-HA-tag (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #2367, Cell Signaling Technology), α-PSD95 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, #MAB1598, Merck Millipore), α-β-catenin (mouse monoclonal, 1:500, #sc-7963, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-pβ-catenin Ser33/37/Thr41 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:1000, #9561, Cell Signaling Technology), M3.2 (mouse monoclonal, 1:1000, a kind gift from Paul Mathews), α-Akt (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1500, #4691, Cell Signaling Technology), α-pAkt Ser473 (rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000, #4060, Cell Signaling Technology).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Injection, Staining, Expressing, Kinase Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Labeling, Recombinant, Immunodetection

Journal: Disease Markers

Article Title: Leptin Promotes HTR-8/SVneo Cell Invasion via the Crosstalk between MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2022/7052176

Figure Lengend Snippet: Leptin mediates β -catenin activation through the crosstalk between MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT pathways in HTR-8/SVneo cells. (a) HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with exogenous leptin (0 and 200 ng/ml) for 24 h, and MTA1, WNT1, p-GSK3 β (Ser9), and p-AKT (Ser473) levels were detected by Western blot. Data are shown as mean ± SD; ∗ P < 0.01 vs. leptin (0 ng/ml). (b) The knockdown efficiencies of MTA1 and WNT1 were analyzed by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. ∗ P < 0.05 vs. control. (c) HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with MTA1 siRNA or scramble siRNA (Scr) in the presence or absence of 200 ng/ml leptin for 24 h, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of MTA1, WNT1, p-GSK3 β (Ser9), and nuclear β -catenin. ∗ P < 0.01 vs. control and # P < 0.01 vs. leptin. (d) HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with WNT1 siRNA or scramble siRNA (Scr) in the presence or absence of 200 ng/ml leptin for 24 h, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of WNT1, p-GSK3 β (Ser9), and nuclear β -catenin. ∗ P < 0.01 vs. control and # P < 0.01 vs. leptin. (e) The knockdown efficiencies of AKT and β -catenin were analyzed by Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. ∗ P < 0.05 vs. control. (f) HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with AKT siRNA or scramble siRNA (Scr) in the presence or absence of 200 ng/ml leptin for 24 h, and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of AKT, p-GSK3 β (Ser9), and nuclear β -catenin. ∗ P < 0.01 vs. control and # P < 0.01 vs. leptin. All experiments were performed in triplicate.

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: MMP9 (ab76003), MTA1 (ab71153), WNT1 (ab15251), AKT (ab179463), GSK3 β (ab32391), β -catenin (ab32572), histone 3 (ab1791), β -actin (ab6276) (Abcam, USA); p-AKT (Ser473) (#4060), p-GSK3 β (Ser9) (#9322) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Expressing