Journal: iScience

Article Title: Exposure to fibrillar proteins leads to widespread infiltration but only mild tau pathology in cortical organoids

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tau staining patterns in organoids display heterogeneity between and within different treatment groups (A–C) Shows the expression pattern of PHF-1 (A), T22 (B), and tau-5 (C) across the different samples following αSYN, Aβ, and tau exposure; both direct (Fibril) and astrocyte-mediated (Astro). Pictures are from two individual organoids per group. (D) High magnification example images of the tau-positive signal patterns (PHF-1 is from astrocyte-mediated αSYN exposure, T22 and tau-5 are from direct Aβ-treated organoids). (A–C) scale bars, 250 μm, (D) scale bars, 25 μm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies; Chicken polyclonal Anti-Vimentin, Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Tau (T22) (Merk), Mouse monoclonal Anti-MAP2 (Synaptic systems), Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (TAU-5) (ThermoFisher), Chicken polyclonal Anti-GFAP (Abcam) and Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (PHF-1) were diluted in 0.5% NGS 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Exposure to fibrillar proteins leads to widespread infiltration but only mild tau pathology in cortical organoids

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pathology markers in the soluble organoid fraction after 12 weeks of exposure (A) Western blots of organoid lysate supernatant from αSYN, Aβ, and tau-exposed organoids (direct and astrocyte-mediated). Blots were stained for total tau (tau-5) and pathological phospho-tau (PHF-1, T22). Corresponding NOStain total protein normalization blots and uncut membranes are shown in . (B) Quantification of αSYN blots. (C) Quantification of Aβ blots. (D) Quantification of tau blots. n = 6 individual organoids for control and n = 5 for the treated analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with multiple comparisons relative to control. Data are presented as mean ± SD, p values are presented as following: ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies; Chicken polyclonal Anti-Vimentin, Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Tau (T22) (Merk), Mouse monoclonal Anti-MAP2 (Synaptic systems), Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (TAU-5) (ThermoFisher), Chicken polyclonal Anti-GFAP (Abcam) and Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (PHF-1) were diluted in 0.5% NGS 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Western Blot, Staining, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Exposure to fibrillar proteins leads to widespread infiltration but only mild tau pathology in cortical organoids

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pathology markers in the insoluble organoid fraction after 12 weeks of exposure (A) Western blots of organoid insoluble pellets from αSYN, Aβ and tau exposed organoids (direct and astrocyte-mediated). Blots are stained for total tau (tau-5) and pathological phospho-tau (PHF-1, T22). Corresponding NOStain total protein normalization blots and uncut membranes are shown in . (B) Quantification of αSYN blots. (C) Quantification of Aβ blots. (D) Quantification of tau blots. n = 5 individual organoids analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with multiple comparisons relative to control. Data are presented as mean ± SD,∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies; Chicken polyclonal Anti-Vimentin, Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Tau (T22) (Merk), Mouse monoclonal Anti-MAP2 (Synaptic systems), Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (TAU-5) (ThermoFisher), Chicken polyclonal Anti-GFAP (Abcam) and Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (PHF-1) were diluted in 0.5% NGS 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Western Blot, Staining, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Exposure to fibrillar proteins leads to widespread infiltration but only mild tau pathology in cortical organoids

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115819

Figure Lengend Snippet: Control organoids display high levels of apoptosis and native tau pathology but lack full-length tau isoforms (A) Western blot analysis of unexposed organoids shows a positive signal for pathological tau (PHF-1, T22, pS231) and the astrocytic marker GFAP. Corresponding NOStain total protein normalization blots and uncut membranes are shown in . (B) Relative band intensity demonstrates large variations between the native organoids. Data are presented as values for individual organoids ( n = 15), and lines represent the median. (C) Representative images from apoptotic, TUNEL-labeled cells in organoids. (D) Quantification of TUNEL-positive cells in control and fibril-exposed organoids n = 3 individual organoids. Data are presented as mean ± SD. (E) Western blot analysis demonstrates that 3R-tau is the predominant tau isoform in 26 weeks organoids and that 4R-tau isoforms can barely be detected. Corresponding NOStain total protein normalization blots and uncut membranes are shown in . Scale bars, 250 μm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies; Chicken polyclonal Anti-Vimentin, Rabbit polyclonal Anti-Tau (T22) (Merk), Mouse monoclonal Anti-MAP2 (Synaptic systems), Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (TAU-5) (ThermoFisher), Chicken polyclonal Anti-GFAP (Abcam) and Mouse monoclonal Anti-Tau (PHF-1) were diluted in 0.5% NGS 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS and incubated overnight at 4°C.

Techniques: Control, Western Blot, Marker, TUNEL Assay, Labeling