pcr buffer  (Thermo Fisher)


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    Thermo Fisher pcr buffer
    Agarose gel electrophoresis of <t>PCR</t> products of rtxA (lanes a to d) and rtxC (lanes A to D). Lanes a and A, V. cholerae O1 El Tor; lanes b and B, V. cholerae O139; lanes c and C, V. cholerae non-O1; lanes d and D, V. cholerae classical strain ATCC 9458; lanes M, molecular mass markers ( Bsu RI-digested φX174 <t>DNA).</t>
    Pcr Buffer, supplied by Thermo Fisher, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 0 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR"

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2594-2597.2001

    Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products of rtxA (lanes a to d) and rtxC (lanes A to D). Lanes a and A, V. cholerae O1 El Tor; lanes b and B, V. cholerae O139; lanes c and C, V. cholerae non-O1; lanes d and D, V. cholerae classical strain ATCC 9458; lanes M, molecular mass markers ( Bsu RI-digested φX174 DNA).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products of rtxA (lanes a to d) and rtxC (lanes A to D). Lanes a and A, V. cholerae O1 El Tor; lanes b and B, V. cholerae O139; lanes c and C, V. cholerae non-O1; lanes d and D, V. cholerae classical strain ATCC 9458; lanes M, molecular mass markers ( Bsu RI-digested φX174 DNA).

    Techniques Used: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    2) Product Images from "Sequencing and Transcriptional Analysis of the Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Putrescine-Producing Lactococcus lactis"

    Article Title: Sequencing and Transcriptional Analysis of the Biosynthesis Gene Cluster of Putrescine-Producing Lactococcus lactis

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/AEM.05507-11

    DNA manipulation and PCR amplification.
    Figure Legend Snippet: DNA manipulation and PCR amplification.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    3) Product Images from "Development of genome-specific primers for homoeologous genes in allopolyploid species: the waxy and starch synthase II genes in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as examples"

    Article Title: Development of genome-specific primers for homoeologous genes in allopolyploid species: the waxy and starch synthase II genes in allohexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as examples

    Journal: BMC Research Notes

    doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-3-140

    PCR amplification for distinguishing null alleles of the waxy genes and wild type in wheat . (A) PCR results with primer set Wx-7A-F1 and Wx-7A-R1a to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-A1a ) and null allele ( Wx-A1b ) of the Wx-A1 gene. (B) PCR results with primer set Wx-7B-F2 and Wx-7B-R2 to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-B1a ) and null allele ( Wx-B1b ) of the Wx-B1 gene. (C) PCR results with primer set Wx-7D-F3 and Wx-7D-R3a to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-D1a ) and null allele ( Wx-D1b ) of the Wx-D1 gene. M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. Lanes: 1, CS; 2, Sturdy; 3, Fujimi Komugi; 4, Gabo; 5, Gamenya; 6, Santanta; 7, Bai Huo; 8, Kanto 107; 9, NSGC 8645; 10, NSGC 8646.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PCR amplification for distinguishing null alleles of the waxy genes and wild type in wheat . (A) PCR results with primer set Wx-7A-F1 and Wx-7A-R1a to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-A1a ) and null allele ( Wx-A1b ) of the Wx-A1 gene. (B) PCR results with primer set Wx-7B-F2 and Wx-7B-R2 to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-B1a ) and null allele ( Wx-B1b ) of the Wx-B1 gene. (C) PCR results with primer set Wx-7D-F3 and Wx-7D-R3a to distinguish the wild type ( Wx-D1a ) and null allele ( Wx-D1b ) of the Wx-D1 gene. M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. Lanes: 1, CS; 2, Sturdy; 3, Fujimi Komugi; 4, Gabo; 5, Gamenya; 6, Santanta; 7, Bai Huo; 8, Kanto 107; 9, NSGC 8645; 10, NSGC 8646.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    Genome-specific PCR amplification for the three homoeologous Wx loci . Each primer set was used to amplify Chinese Spring (CS, lane 1), N7AT7D (lane 2) and N4AT4D (lane 3) and N7DT7B (lane 4). M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. PCR amplification with (A) 7A-specific primer sets, (B) 4A (B genome)-specific primer sets, and (C) 7D-specific primer sets.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Genome-specific PCR amplification for the three homoeologous Wx loci . Each primer set was used to amplify Chinese Spring (CS, lane 1), N7AT7D (lane 2) and N4AT4D (lane 3) and N7DT7B (lane 4). M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. PCR amplification with (A) 7A-specific primer sets, (B) 4A (B genome)-specific primer sets, and (C) 7D-specific primer sets.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    Genome-specific PCR amplification for the three homoeologous SSII loci . Each primer set was used to amplify Chinese Spring (CS, lane 1), N7AT7D (lane 2) and N7BT7D (lane 3) and N7DT7B (lane 4). M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. PCR amplification with (A) 7A-specific primer sets, (B) 7B-specific primer sets, and (C) 7D-specific primer sets.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Genome-specific PCR amplification for the three homoeologous SSII loci . Each primer set was used to amplify Chinese Spring (CS, lane 1), N7AT7D (lane 2) and N7BT7D (lane 3) and N7DT7B (lane 4). M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. PCR amplification with (A) 7A-specific primer sets, (B) 7B-specific primer sets, and (C) 7D-specific primer sets.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    PCR amplification of 18 diploid ( Triticum and Aegilops species) and 13 tetraploid (wild and domesticated forms) progenitors of hexaploid wheat using the primer set SSII-7B-F2/SSII-7B-R2 . M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. Lanes 1-2, T. monococcum accessions; lanes 3-5, T. boeoticum accessions; lanes 6-8, T. urartu accessions; lanes 9-13, T. turgidum ssp. durum accessions; lanes 14-18, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon accessions; lanes 19-21, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accessions; lanes 22-25, Ae. speltoides accessions; lanes 26-31, Ae. tauschii accessions.
    Figure Legend Snippet: PCR amplification of 18 diploid ( Triticum and Aegilops species) and 13 tetraploid (wild and domesticated forms) progenitors of hexaploid wheat using the primer set SSII-7B-F2/SSII-7B-R2 . M = 1 kb plus DNA ladder. Lanes 1-2, T. monococcum accessions; lanes 3-5, T. boeoticum accessions; lanes 6-8, T. urartu accessions; lanes 9-13, T. turgidum ssp. durum accessions; lanes 14-18, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon accessions; lanes 19-21, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accessions; lanes 22-25, Ae. speltoides accessions; lanes 26-31, Ae. tauschii accessions.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    4) Product Images from "Quantitative PCR Confirms Purity of Strain GT, a Novel Trichloroethene-to-Ethene-Respiring Dehalococcoides Isolate"

    Article Title: Quantitative PCR Confirms Purity of Strain GT, a Novel Trichloroethene-to-Ethene-Respiring Dehalococcoides Isolate

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.3.1980-1987.2006

    DGGE. DNA was PCR amplified with a universal bacterial primer pair (A) and a Dehalococcoides -specific primer pair (B). Amplified PCR fragments were separated on 8 to 10% acrylamide gels with 30 to 65% (universal bacterial primer) or 45 to 65% ( Dehalococcoides
    Figure Legend Snippet: DGGE. DNA was PCR amplified with a universal bacterial primer pair (A) and a Dehalococcoides -specific primer pair (B). Amplified PCR fragments were separated on 8 to 10% acrylamide gels with 30 to 65% (universal bacterial primer) or 45 to 65% ( Dehalococcoides

    Techniques Used: Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification

    5) Product Images from "Post-Zygotic and Inter-Individual Structural Genetic Variation in a Presumptive Enhancer Element of the Locus between the IL10Rβ and IFNAR1 Genes"

    Article Title: Post-Zygotic and Inter-Individual Structural Genetic Variation in a Presumptive Enhancer Element of the Locus between the IL10Rβ and IFNAR1 Genes

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067752

    Graphical summary of variation in a presumptive regulatory VNTR containing region. Panel A shows an overview of approximately 2 Mb locus on 21q, around four genes encoding functionally related receptors; IFNAR2 , IL10Rβ , IFNAR1 and IFNGR2 . Panel B is zooming on the position of the hypervariable region (HVR, red box), which is located approximately 4 kb upstream from the transcription start site of the IFNAR1 gene and is flanked by CpG-islands (green boxes). The last three and the first three exons of IL10Rβ , and IFNAR1 , respectively, are shown as grey boxes. Panel C is showing the size and position of HVR according to the most common allele (HVR1098, see below panel D) in relation to the CpG island. Positions of PCR and sequencing primers used in the analysis of the locus are also displayed. Yellow boxes indicate the position of the non-repetitive anchor 1 (A1) and anchor 2 (A2) sequences, that are immediately flanking the repeated segments and were used for alignments of sequence reads. Panel D shows a summary of eight HVR-alleles from the studied samples, which were identified based on Sanger sequencing results of PCR fragments sub-cloned in plasmids. The displayed alleles are ordered from longest to shortest according to size from anchor 1 (A1) to anchor 2 (A2) sequences. Summary of sizes for all 14 different HVR-alleles is shown in Table 1 . Sizes of fragments (in base pairs) are given between non-repetitive A1 and A2 sequences and between primers p1 and p8, which were used for PCR amplification from genomic DNA. Asterisk (*) indicates the most frequent allele (HVR1098), which is in agreement with the reference sequence according to NCBI sequence build 36.3. The allele frequency shown here is taking into account only the nine alleles, where the entire sequence could be unequivocally determined using Sanger sequencing. The most common variation encompasses the variable number of 32 base pair segments; i.e. indel 2, indel 3, indel 4, and indel 5. The latter indel 5 is composed of 6 repeated 32 base pair segments (HVR1066). However, there are also indels containing shorther segments; e.g. indel 1, indel 6 and indel 7. Panel E illustrates the positions of two of the four probes from Illumina beadchips, which are aligned onto the NCBI reference sequence for this locus (top sequence with an asterisk, representing HVR1098). The two probes shown here are from Illumina 610 SNP array; cnvi0010761 (green) and cnvi0010759 (blue). All four Illumina probes from Figure 1 , which were used for initial identification of variation in this region are located within hypervariable region. As shown here for two of these four probes, the probeA sequences (as called by Illumina and used for capturing of genomic DNA on beadchips) are shifted only by two bases. The core 32 bp repeat motif is shown in brackets.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Graphical summary of variation in a presumptive regulatory VNTR containing region. Panel A shows an overview of approximately 2 Mb locus on 21q, around four genes encoding functionally related receptors; IFNAR2 , IL10Rβ , IFNAR1 and IFNGR2 . Panel B is zooming on the position of the hypervariable region (HVR, red box), which is located approximately 4 kb upstream from the transcription start site of the IFNAR1 gene and is flanked by CpG-islands (green boxes). The last three and the first three exons of IL10Rβ , and IFNAR1 , respectively, are shown as grey boxes. Panel C is showing the size and position of HVR according to the most common allele (HVR1098, see below panel D) in relation to the CpG island. Positions of PCR and sequencing primers used in the analysis of the locus are also displayed. Yellow boxes indicate the position of the non-repetitive anchor 1 (A1) and anchor 2 (A2) sequences, that are immediately flanking the repeated segments and were used for alignments of sequence reads. Panel D shows a summary of eight HVR-alleles from the studied samples, which were identified based on Sanger sequencing results of PCR fragments sub-cloned in plasmids. The displayed alleles are ordered from longest to shortest according to size from anchor 1 (A1) to anchor 2 (A2) sequences. Summary of sizes for all 14 different HVR-alleles is shown in Table 1 . Sizes of fragments (in base pairs) are given between non-repetitive A1 and A2 sequences and between primers p1 and p8, which were used for PCR amplification from genomic DNA. Asterisk (*) indicates the most frequent allele (HVR1098), which is in agreement with the reference sequence according to NCBI sequence build 36.3. The allele frequency shown here is taking into account only the nine alleles, where the entire sequence could be unequivocally determined using Sanger sequencing. The most common variation encompasses the variable number of 32 base pair segments; i.e. indel 2, indel 3, indel 4, and indel 5. The latter indel 5 is composed of 6 repeated 32 base pair segments (HVR1066). However, there are also indels containing shorther segments; e.g. indel 1, indel 6 and indel 7. Panel E illustrates the positions of two of the four probes from Illumina beadchips, which are aligned onto the NCBI reference sequence for this locus (top sequence with an asterisk, representing HVR1098). The two probes shown here are from Illumina 610 SNP array; cnvi0010761 (green) and cnvi0010759 (blue). All four Illumina probes from Figure 1 , which were used for initial identification of variation in this region are located within hypervariable region. As shown here for two of these four probes, the probeA sequences (as called by Illumina and used for capturing of genomic DNA on beadchips) are shifted only by two bases. The core 32 bp repeat motif is shown in brackets.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequencing, Clone Assay, Amplification

    Variable length of alleles within hypervariable region showing post-zygotic variation. Panel A shows post-zygotic mosaicism in healthy and phenotypically concordant monozygotic twin pair 148341/148342, with five alleles observed in twin 148341, and three alleles present in co-twin 148342. Similarly, panel B displays post-zygotic variation in another monozygotic twin pair 004_01/004_02. In total 5 different alleles are shown on this gel and only one of them is overlapping between both twins. Panel C illustrates post-zygotic mosaicism in breast cancer patient SK58. There are three different alleles in DNA from morphologically normal breast tissue (UM), two alleles in blood cells (BL) and three alleles in primary tumor (PT). In panels A , B and C , Taq DNA polymerase was used for initial PCR amplification from genomic DNA, as indicated by suffix “T” in the ID of each plasmid clone. In panel D , Phusion DNA polymerase confirmed post-zygotic mosaicism in monozygotic twin pair 148341/148342, as indicated by suffix “Ph” in the ID of each plasmid clone. The length of inserts in all plasmid clones was estimated after EcoRI digestion releasing the insert, and using 1% agarose gel. BL, PT and UM indicate peripheral blood DNA, primary breast tumor and healthy morphologically normal breast tissue from a patient affected with breast cancer, respectively.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Variable length of alleles within hypervariable region showing post-zygotic variation. Panel A shows post-zygotic mosaicism in healthy and phenotypically concordant monozygotic twin pair 148341/148342, with five alleles observed in twin 148341, and three alleles present in co-twin 148342. Similarly, panel B displays post-zygotic variation in another monozygotic twin pair 004_01/004_02. In total 5 different alleles are shown on this gel and only one of them is overlapping between both twins. Panel C illustrates post-zygotic mosaicism in breast cancer patient SK58. There are three different alleles in DNA from morphologically normal breast tissue (UM), two alleles in blood cells (BL) and three alleles in primary tumor (PT). In panels A , B and C , Taq DNA polymerase was used for initial PCR amplification from genomic DNA, as indicated by suffix “T” in the ID of each plasmid clone. In panel D , Phusion DNA polymerase confirmed post-zygotic mosaicism in monozygotic twin pair 148341/148342, as indicated by suffix “Ph” in the ID of each plasmid clone. The length of inserts in all plasmid clones was estimated after EcoRI digestion releasing the insert, and using 1% agarose gel. BL, PT and UM indicate peripheral blood DNA, primary breast tumor and healthy morphologically normal breast tissue from a patient affected with breast cancer, respectively.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Plasmid Preparation, Clone Assay, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

    6) Product Images from "Differential modulation of RANKL isoforms by human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts: Influence of osteotropic factors"

    Article Title: Differential modulation of RANKL isoforms by human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts: Influence of osteotropic factors

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.006

    A) A representative analysis of semi-quantitative RT-PCR of RANKL3 isoform and GAPDH expression performed on the normal, Low (L-) and High (H-) OA subchondral bone osteoblasts. B) Expression of RANKL3 in human normal ( n =3), L- ( n =3) and H( n =3) OA subchondral
    Figure Legend Snippet: A) A representative analysis of semi-quantitative RT-PCR of RANKL3 isoform and GAPDH expression performed on the normal, Low (L-) and High (H-) OA subchondral bone osteoblasts. B) Expression of RANKL3 in human normal ( n =3), L- ( n =3) and H( n =3) OA subchondral

    Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

    7) Product Images from "Nuclear Degradation of Wilms Tumor 1-associating Protein and Survivin Splice Variant Switching Underlie IGF-1-mediated Survival"

    Article Title: Nuclear Degradation of Wilms Tumor 1-associating Protein and Survivin Splice Variant Switching Underlie IGF-1-mediated Survival

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.034629

    WTAP regulates pre-mRNA splicing of survivin, a process that underlies IGF-1-regulated SMC survival. A , ethidium bromide-stained cDNA amplified by RT-PCR using primers specific for survivin, including its splice variants. Total RNA was harvested from
    Figure Legend Snippet: WTAP regulates pre-mRNA splicing of survivin, a process that underlies IGF-1-regulated SMC survival. A , ethidium bromide-stained cDNA amplified by RT-PCR using primers specific for survivin, including its splice variants. Total RNA was harvested from

    Techniques Used: Staining, Amplification, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

    8) Product Images from "Prevalence of somatic alterations in the colorectal cancer cell genome"

    Article Title: Prevalence of somatic alterations in the colorectal cancer cell genome

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1073/pnas.261714699

    Approach to somatic mutation discovery. After identifying genes of interest, the Celera and public genome databases were used to extract exon sequences and intronic regions to design primers for PCR amplification and sequencing. Successfully amplified and sequenced exons were assembled and compared with exon reference sequences to identify nonsynonymous alterations. Any potential alterations were then compared with polymorphism databases to exclude known SNPs. For remaining alterations, PCR products from matched normal and tumor DNA were sequenced to identify novel SNPs and somatic mutations.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Approach to somatic mutation discovery. After identifying genes of interest, the Celera and public genome databases were used to extract exon sequences and intronic regions to design primers for PCR amplification and sequencing. Successfully amplified and sequenced exons were assembled and compared with exon reference sequences to identify nonsynonymous alterations. Any potential alterations were then compared with polymorphism databases to exclude known SNPs. For remaining alterations, PCR products from matched normal and tumor DNA were sequenced to identify novel SNPs and somatic mutations.

    Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Sequencing

    9) Product Images from "Cellular Mobile Genetic Elements in the Regulatory Region of the Pneumotropic Mouse Polyomavirus Genome: Structure and Function in Viral Gene Expression and DNA Replication"

    Article Title: Cellular Mobile Genetic Elements in the Regulatory Region of the Pneumotropic Mouse Polyomavirus Genome: Structure and Function in Viral Gene Expression and DNA Replication

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.6.3477-3486.2003

    Organization of the st MPtV regulatory region and the structure of variant genomes isolated from MPtV in mouse lung tissue. The regulatory region of the viral genome was amplified by PCR and ligated to pGL2-basic DNA. Recombinant plasmids were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region was determined. The data were related to the published nucleotide sequence of MPtV DNA , here called standard type ( st MPtV). (A) Short arrows indicate large T antigen recognition pentanucleotides (GPuGGC) in the sense of the early (E→) and late (←L) DNA strands, respectively. The hatched box shows the position of the putative viral replication origin. Abbreviations: in A and in B, insertion type A and type B, respectively (numbers refer to the nucleotide positions of the 220-bp segments); dl , deletion; dp , duplication; G272T, G-to-T base change at nt 272. (B) Predicted recognition sites of DNA-binding transcription factors ( , ).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Organization of the st MPtV regulatory region and the structure of variant genomes isolated from MPtV in mouse lung tissue. The regulatory region of the viral genome was amplified by PCR and ligated to pGL2-basic DNA. Recombinant plasmids were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of the regulatory region was determined. The data were related to the published nucleotide sequence of MPtV DNA , here called standard type ( st MPtV). (A) Short arrows indicate large T antigen recognition pentanucleotides (GPuGGC) in the sense of the early (E→) and late (←L) DNA strands, respectively. The hatched box shows the position of the putative viral replication origin. Abbreviations: in A and in B, insertion type A and type B, respectively (numbers refer to the nucleotide positions of the 220-bp segments); dl , deletion; dp , duplication; G272T, G-to-T base change at nt 272. (B) Predicted recognition sites of DNA-binding transcription factors ( , ).

    Techniques Used: Variant Assay, Isolation, Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Recombinant, Clone Assay, Sequencing, Binding Assay

    Analysis of MPtV genome structure. (A) The regulatory region of MPtV DNA extracted from a crude virus preparation (VS) was amplified by PCR by using primers complementary to the region immediately adjacent to protein coding sequences. As a control DNA from the plasmid p st MPtV (VP) was used. The amplification products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. (B) Southern blot analysis of Xba I-digested DNA from lung extracts (VS) and from p st MPtV (VP). Annealing was done with 32 P-labeled MPtV DNA isolated from the recombinant plasmid p st MPtV, which was used as a probe. The mobility of DNA size markers is indicated to the left. kb, kilobase pairs.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Analysis of MPtV genome structure. (A) The regulatory region of MPtV DNA extracted from a crude virus preparation (VS) was amplified by PCR by using primers complementary to the region immediately adjacent to protein coding sequences. As a control DNA from the plasmid p st MPtV (VP) was used. The amplification products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. (B) Southern blot analysis of Xba I-digested DNA from lung extracts (VS) and from p st MPtV (VP). Annealing was done with 32 P-labeled MPtV DNA isolated from the recombinant plasmid p st MPtV, which was used as a probe. The mobility of DNA size markers is indicated to the left. kb, kilobase pairs.

    Techniques Used: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Plasmid Preparation, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Southern Blot, Labeling, Isolation, Recombinant

    Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products from amplification of MPtV-related sequences in mouse DNA. DNA was extracted from the spleen of a C3H mouse and then purified. PCR amplification was done for 35 cycles in the presence or absence (−) of template DNA by using a primer pair that would generate a 179-bp product with the in A or in B insert of MPtV DNA as a template. After amplification, DNA was resolved by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel in the presence of 0.5 μg of ethidium bromide per ml. DNA was visualized in UV light. The final concentration of MgCl2 in the PCR is indicated. The electrophoretic mobility of size markers is displayed to the left.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products from amplification of MPtV-related sequences in mouse DNA. DNA was extracted from the spleen of a C3H mouse and then purified. PCR amplification was done for 35 cycles in the presence or absence (−) of template DNA by using a primer pair that would generate a 179-bp product with the in A or in B insert of MPtV DNA as a template. After amplification, DNA was resolved by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel in the presence of 0.5 μg of ethidium bromide per ml. DNA was visualized in UV light. The final concentration of MgCl2 in the PCR is indicated. The electrophoretic mobility of size markers is displayed to the left.

    Techniques Used: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Purification, Electrophoresis, Concentration Assay

    10) Product Images from "Development of Specific Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region Markers for Detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in Clinical and Environmental Samples"

    Article Title: Development of Specific Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region Markers for Detecting Histoplasma capsulatum in Clinical and Environmental Samples

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.05271-11

    (a to c) Sensitivity of the SCAR markers and M antigen probe evaluated with different concentrations of H. capsulatum genomic DNA. The markers were processed by PCR as described in Materials and Methods. (a) PCR with the 1281-1283 220 SCAR marker. (b)
    Figure Legend Snippet: (a to c) Sensitivity of the SCAR markers and M antigen probe evaluated with different concentrations of H. capsulatum genomic DNA. The markers were processed by PCR as described in Materials and Methods. (a) PCR with the 1281-1283 220 SCAR marker. (b)

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    Specificity of the SCAR markers and M antigen probe. PCR assays were performed with DNA from H. capsulatum and other pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi ( C. immitis , C. posadasii , P. brasiliensis , B. dermatitidis , A. fumigatus , A. niger , C. neoformans
    Figure Legend Snippet: Specificity of the SCAR markers and M antigen probe. PCR assays were performed with DNA from H. capsulatum and other pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi ( C. immitis , C. posadasii , P. brasiliensis , B. dermatitidis , A. fumigatus , A. niger , C. neoformans

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction

    11) Product Images from "Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level"

    Article Title: Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level

    Journal: BMC Microbiology

    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0779-3

    Differentiation of 21 bifidobacterial strains isolated from child feces using rep-PCR procedures. DNA profiles were determined in PCR reaction with (GTG) 5 primer ( a ) and BOX1R oligonucleotide ( b ). Lane: 1, DNA molecular marker, 2, Bifdobacterium NK1.2; 3, NK2.2; 4, NK6.1; 5, NK7.2; 6, NK8.1; 7, NK9.1; 8, NK10.2; 9, NK11.1; 10, NK12; 11, NK13; 12, NK14; 13, NK15; 14, NK16; 15, NK17; 16, MP1; 17, MP5; 18, MP6; 19, WP3; 20, WP4; 21, WP7; 22, WP8
    Figure Legend Snippet: Differentiation of 21 bifidobacterial strains isolated from child feces using rep-PCR procedures. DNA profiles were determined in PCR reaction with (GTG) 5 primer ( a ) and BOX1R oligonucleotide ( b ). Lane: 1, DNA molecular marker, 2, Bifdobacterium NK1.2; 3, NK2.2; 4, NK6.1; 5, NK7.2; 6, NK8.1; 7, NK9.1; 8, NK10.2; 9, NK11.1; 10, NK12; 11, NK13; 12, NK14; 13, NK15; 14, NK16; 15, NK17; 16, MP1; 17, MP5; 18, MP6; 19, WP3; 20, WP4; 21, WP7; 22, WP8

    Techniques Used: Isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR patterns obtained with PER1 primer for 17 bifidobacterial strains. Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095
    Figure Legend Snippet: Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR patterns obtained with PER1 primer for 17 bifidobacterial strains. Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Techniques Used: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    BOX-PCR DNA profiles obtained for Bifidobacterium strains used in this work. Analysis of the discriminatory power of this procedure was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095
    Figure Legend Snippet: BOX-PCR DNA profiles obtained for Bifidobacterium strains used in this work. Analysis of the discriminatory power of this procedure was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    (GTG) 5 -PCR patterns of 17 strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium . Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095
    Figure Legend Snippet: (GTG) 5 -PCR patterns of 17 strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium . Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    12) Product Images from "Utility of Circulating B-RAF DNA Mutation in Serum for Monitoring Melanoma Patients Receiving Biochemotherapy"

    Article Title: Utility of Circulating B-RAF DNA Mutation in Serum for Monitoring Melanoma Patients Receiving Biochemotherapy

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-2120

    Schematic of PNA/LNA clamp directed PCR.Top, PNA/wt DNA complex, with no amplification. Bottom, amplification of DNA template containing B-RAF mt using the dual-labeled LNA probe that recognizes and hybridizes toV600E.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic of PNA/LNA clamp directed PCR.Top, PNA/wt DNA complex, with no amplification. Bottom, amplification of DNA template containing B-RAF mt using the dual-labeled LNA probe that recognizes and hybridizes toV600E.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Amplification, Labeling

    13) Product Images from "Cloning and functional characterisation of avian transcription factor E2A"

    Article Title: Cloning and functional characterisation of avian transcription factor E2A

    Journal: BMC Immunology

    doi: 10.1186/1471-2172-5-11

    A. PCR analysis of E12 and E47 on DT40 cDNA using increasing dilutions of cDNA. M, DNA markers. B. Northern Blot of E2A expression, with 2 μg polyA+ RNA from the tissues shown above the lanes. A β-actin probe was used as a control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A. PCR analysis of E12 and E47 on DT40 cDNA using increasing dilutions of cDNA. M, DNA markers. B. Northern Blot of E2A expression, with 2 μg polyA+ RNA from the tissues shown above the lanes. A β-actin probe was used as a control.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Northern Blot, Expressing

    14) Product Images from "Haemophilus parainfluenzae expresses diverse lipopolysaccharide O-antigens using ABC transporter and Wzy polymerase-dependent mechanisms"

    Article Title: Haemophilus parainfluenzae expresses diverse lipopolysaccharide O-antigens using ABC transporter and Wzy polymerase-dependent mechanisms

    Journal: International Journal of Medical Microbiology

    doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.08.006

    Visualisation of LPS and PCR investigation of potential OAg loci in H. parainfluenzae . (A) Proteinase K treated H. parainfluenzae cell lysates were fractionated by tricine SDS-PAGE and silver-stained. Strain numbers are listed above each lane. The intense low molecular mass band in each lane is LPS that does not contain OAg (LPS core only), whilst the ladders/smears of bands represent LPS elaborated with OAg of increasing chain length. Band spacing depends on the size of the O-unit. 12.5 μl of lysate at OD 260 = 5 (strains 13 and 15) or OD 260 = 10 (strains 20, 30 and T3T1) was loaded. Weaker OAg-like banding patterns were observed for strains 2, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18 and Hy6. (B) Long range PCR products were obtained using primers to glnA and pepB , which flank the OAg locus. The outside lanes contain a DNA ladder with sizes as indicated. Numbers above each lane indicate the H. parainfluenzae strain of the template gDNA. Top panel: 0.4 μl of each PCR reaction separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Products of a high molecular mass are visible for all 18 true H. parainfluenzae strains; hybrid strains Hy6 and Hy11 did not yield products and are not shown. Lower panel: MfeI restriction digests of the same long range PCR products, with fragments > 1 kb visible.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Visualisation of LPS and PCR investigation of potential OAg loci in H. parainfluenzae . (A) Proteinase K treated H. parainfluenzae cell lysates were fractionated by tricine SDS-PAGE and silver-stained. Strain numbers are listed above each lane. The intense low molecular mass band in each lane is LPS that does not contain OAg (LPS core only), whilst the ladders/smears of bands represent LPS elaborated with OAg of increasing chain length. Band spacing depends on the size of the O-unit. 12.5 μl of lysate at OD 260 = 5 (strains 13 and 15) or OD 260 = 10 (strains 20, 30 and T3T1) was loaded. Weaker OAg-like banding patterns were observed for strains 2, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18 and Hy6. (B) Long range PCR products were obtained using primers to glnA and pepB , which flank the OAg locus. The outside lanes contain a DNA ladder with sizes as indicated. Numbers above each lane indicate the H. parainfluenzae strain of the template gDNA. Top panel: 0.4 μl of each PCR reaction separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Products of a high molecular mass are visible for all 18 true H. parainfluenzae strains; hybrid strains Hy6 and Hy11 did not yield products and are not shown. Lower panel: MfeI restriction digests of the same long range PCR products, with fragments > 1 kb visible.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, SDS Page, Staining, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis

    15) Product Images from "Genome-Scale Identification of Resistance Functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Tn-seq"

    Article Title: Genome-Scale Identification of Resistance Functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Tn-seq

    Journal: mBio

    doi: 10.1128/mBio.00315-10

    Tn-seq circle method. The steps used to amplify and sequence transposon insertion junctions are illustrated, beginning with a DNA fragment carrying a transposon insertion (top). First, total DNA from a mutant pool is sheared and end repaired, and one Illumina adaptor (A2) is ligated to all free ends (step 1). The sample is then digested with a restriction enzyme that cuts near one transposon end (in this work, BamHI, which cuts 114 bp from the transposon’s left end) (step 2). Following a size selection step, single-strand fragments which include the transposon end are circularized by templated ligation (step 3). Oligo, oligonucleotide. Fragments which have not circularized (representing most of the DNA in the sample) are degraded in a subsequent exonuclease step (step 4). The transposon-genome junctions from the circularized fragments are then amplified by quantitative PCR in a step in which the second required Illumina adaptor (A1) is introduced (step 5). The products are sequenced on an Illumina flow cell using a sequencing primer corresponding to the transposon end (Seq), and each sequence read is then mapped to the genome (step 6).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Tn-seq circle method. The steps used to amplify and sequence transposon insertion junctions are illustrated, beginning with a DNA fragment carrying a transposon insertion (top). First, total DNA from a mutant pool is sheared and end repaired, and one Illumina adaptor (A2) is ligated to all free ends (step 1). The sample is then digested with a restriction enzyme that cuts near one transposon end (in this work, BamHI, which cuts 114 bp from the transposon’s left end) (step 2). Following a size selection step, single-strand fragments which include the transposon end are circularized by templated ligation (step 3). Oligo, oligonucleotide. Fragments which have not circularized (representing most of the DNA in the sample) are degraded in a subsequent exonuclease step (step 4). The transposon-genome junctions from the circularized fragments are then amplified by quantitative PCR in a step in which the second required Illumina adaptor (A1) is introduced (step 5). The products are sequenced on an Illumina flow cell using a sequencing primer corresponding to the transposon end (Seq), and each sequence read is then mapped to the genome (step 6).

    Techniques Used: Sequencing, Mutagenesis, Selection, Ligation, Amplification, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Flow Cytometry

    16) Product Images from "Rifampin-Isoniazid Oligonucleotide Typing: an Alternative Format for Rapid Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis"

    Article Title: Rifampin-Isoniazid Oligonucleotide Typing: an Alternative Format for Rapid Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.00448-10

    Amplified PCR products of rpoB , katG , and inhA gene targets after electrophoresis in agarose gel. The individual amplifications of gene regions and the multiplex (MPX) assay are shown consecutively. Each pair of lanes corresponds to amplified DNA product
    Figure Legend Snippet: Amplified PCR products of rpoB , katG , and inhA gene targets after electrophoresis in agarose gel. The individual amplifications of gene regions and the multiplex (MPX) assay are shown consecutively. Each pair of lanes corresponds to amplified DNA product

    Techniques Used: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Multiplex Assay

    17) Product Images from "Identification to the Species Level and Differentiation between Strains of Aspergillus Clinical Isolates by Automated Repetitive-Sequence-Based PCR"

    Article Title: Identification to the Species Level and Differentiation between Strains of Aspergillus Clinical Isolates by Automated Repetitive-Sequence-Based PCR

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4016-4024.2004

    DiversiLab system-generated dendrogram and scatter plot of the 27 known Aspergillus isolates. The dendrogram (A) and scatter plot (B) show species clustering. A rep-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting library was simultaneously generated for comparison purposes. The horizontal bar at the bottom left of the dendrogram indicates the percent similarity coefficient within the species. The scatter plot shows a cluster of strains for each Aspergillus species, as indicated by the circles. Spacing between grid lines indicates increments of 5% similarity based on the proximity matrix results as represented using multidimensional scaling. All species assignments are based on morphological identification.
    Figure Legend Snippet: DiversiLab system-generated dendrogram and scatter plot of the 27 known Aspergillus isolates. The dendrogram (A) and scatter plot (B) show species clustering. A rep-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting library was simultaneously generated for comparison purposes. The horizontal bar at the bottom left of the dendrogram indicates the percent similarity coefficient within the species. The scatter plot shows a cluster of strains for each Aspergillus species, as indicated by the circles. Spacing between grid lines indicates increments of 5% similarity based on the proximity matrix results as represented using multidimensional scaling. All species assignments are based on morphological identification.

    Techniques Used: Generated, Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA Profiling

    Overview of automated rep-PCR and the DiversiLab system. (A) rep-PCR primers bind to many specific repetitive sequences interspersed throughout the genome and amplify various fragments of different lengths. (B) A microfluidics chip separates amplified fragments based on size and charge. The fluorescence intensity and migration time are used to generate electropherograms from each DNA sample. (C) A sample DiversiLab report showing data analysis of the samples, gel-like images, and the dendrogram.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Overview of automated rep-PCR and the DiversiLab system. (A) rep-PCR primers bind to many specific repetitive sequences interspersed throughout the genome and amplify various fragments of different lengths. (B) A microfluidics chip separates amplified fragments based on size and charge. The fluorescence intensity and migration time are used to generate electropherograms from each DNA sample. (C) A sample DiversiLab report showing data analysis of the samples, gel-like images, and the dendrogram.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Amplification, Fluorescence, Migration

    18) Product Images from "Detection of Epidemic USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Use of a Single Allele-Specific PCR Assay Targeting a Novel Polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus pbp3"

    Article Title: Detection of Epidemic USA300 Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Use of a Single Allele-Specific PCR Assay Targeting a Novel Polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus pbp3

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.00417-13

    Allele-specific PCRs to detect G88A and G88 pbp3 alleles in S. aureus . Allele-specific PCR assays that detect the USA300 G88A (A) and non-USA300 G88 (B) pbp3 sequences were performed, and gel electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel was used to detect amplification for the following bacterial strains: lanes 1 and 14, Affymetrix 1-kb Plus ladder; lane 2, HA-MRSA, SCC mec I, BAA-38; lane 3, HA-MRSA, SCC mec II, 0158p; lane 4, HA-MRSA, SCC mec III, BAA-39; lane 5, CA-MRSA, SCC mec IV, BAA-1556; lane 6, Streptococcus agalactiae A909; lane 7, Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316; lane 8, Streptococcus agalactiae O90R; lane 9, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus ATCC 29213; lane 10, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615; lane 11, Escherichia coli ATCC 11303; lane 12, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; lane 13, no-template control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Allele-specific PCRs to detect G88A and G88 pbp3 alleles in S. aureus . Allele-specific PCR assays that detect the USA300 G88A (A) and non-USA300 G88 (B) pbp3 sequences were performed, and gel electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel was used to detect amplification for the following bacterial strains: lanes 1 and 14, Affymetrix 1-kb Plus ladder; lane 2, HA-MRSA, SCC mec I, BAA-38; lane 3, HA-MRSA, SCC mec II, 0158p; lane 4, HA-MRSA, SCC mec III, BAA-39; lane 5, CA-MRSA, SCC mec IV, BAA-1556; lane 6, Streptococcus agalactiae A909; lane 7, Streptococcus agalactiae NEM316; lane 8, Streptococcus agalactiae O90R; lane 9, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus ATCC 29213; lane 10, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615; lane 11, Escherichia coli ATCC 11303; lane 12, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228; lane 13, no-template control.

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Amplification, Hemagglutination Assay

    19) Product Images from "Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Test for Identification of Major Pathogens in Bovine Mastitis by PCR"

    Article Title: Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Test for Identification of Major Pathogens in Bovine Mastitis by PCR

    Journal:

    doi: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2584-2589.2001

    Demonstration of the specificity of the molecular probes in PCR assay with purified bacterial DNA from different species. Amplification products of the different primer combinations were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.7% agarose gel. Lanes: A, 100-bp DNA ladder (GIBCO Life Technologies); B and C, primers Eco 223 and Eco 455 with E. coli (B) and P. aeruginosa (C); D and E, primers Eco 2083 and Eco 2745 with E. coli (D) and P. aeruginosa (E); F and G, primers Sau 234 and Sau 1501 with S. aureus (F) and S. epidermidis (G); H and I, primers Sau 327 and Sau 1645 with S. aureus (H) and S. epidermidis (I); J and K, primers Sag 40 and Sag 445 with S. agalactiae (J) and S. dysgalactiae (K); L and M, primers Sag 432 and Sag 1018 with S. agalactiae (L) and S. dysgalactiae (M); N, 100-bp DNA ladder (Life Technologies, Inc.); O and P, primers Sdy 105 and Sdy 386 with S. dysgalactiae (O) and S. agalactiae (P); Q and R, primers Sdy 519 and Sdy 920 with S. dysgalactiae (Q) and S. agalactiae (R); S and T, primers Spa 301 and Spa 1219 with S. parauberis (S) and S. uberis (T); U and V, primers Spa 2152 and Spa 2870 with S. parauberis (U) and S. uberis (V); W and X, primers Sub 302 and Sub 396 with S. uberis (W) and S. parauberis (X); and Y and Z, primers Sub 1546 and Sub 2170 with S. uberis (Y) and S. parauberis (Z).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Demonstration of the specificity of the molecular probes in PCR assay with purified bacterial DNA from different species. Amplification products of the different primer combinations were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.7% agarose gel. Lanes: A, 100-bp DNA ladder (GIBCO Life Technologies); B and C, primers Eco 223 and Eco 455 with E. coli (B) and P. aeruginosa (C); D and E, primers Eco 2083 and Eco 2745 with E. coli (D) and P. aeruginosa (E); F and G, primers Sau 234 and Sau 1501 with S. aureus (F) and S. epidermidis (G); H and I, primers Sau 327 and Sau 1645 with S. aureus (H) and S. epidermidis (I); J and K, primers Sag 40 and Sag 445 with S. agalactiae (J) and S. dysgalactiae (K); L and M, primers Sag 432 and Sag 1018 with S. agalactiae (L) and S. dysgalactiae (M); N, 100-bp DNA ladder (Life Technologies, Inc.); O and P, primers Sdy 105 and Sdy 386 with S. dysgalactiae (O) and S. agalactiae (P); Q and R, primers Sdy 519 and Sdy 920 with S. dysgalactiae (Q) and S. agalactiae (R); S and T, primers Spa 301 and Spa 1219 with S. parauberis (S) and S. uberis (T); U and V, primers Spa 2152 and Spa 2870 with S. parauberis (U) and S. uberis (V); W and X, primers Sub 302 and Sub 396 with S. uberis (W) and S. parauberis (X); and Y and Z, primers Sub 1546 and Sub 2170 with S. uberis (Y) and S. parauberis (Z).

    Techniques Used: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Purification, Amplification, Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

    20) Product Images from "Rod Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapses in DBA/2J Mice Show Progressive Age-Related Structural Changes"

    Article Title: Rod Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapses in DBA/2J Mice Show Progressive Age-Related Structural Changes

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044645

    C1qA and C1qC gene expression is upregulated in photoreceptor cells of aging DBA/2J mice. (A) Agarose gels showing PCR fragments that represent the gene expression of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC in the retinae of 2 and 6 months old DBA/2J and C57BL/6 control mice. (B) The expression of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC in photoreceptor cells of 2, 6, and 10 months old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6 control mice was compared with PCR. For each age, cDNA obtained from three animals was subjected to triplicate PCR amplifications (n = 9). Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: C1qA and C1qC gene expression is upregulated in photoreceptor cells of aging DBA/2J mice. (A) Agarose gels showing PCR fragments that represent the gene expression of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC in the retinae of 2 and 6 months old DBA/2J and C57BL/6 control mice. (B) The expression of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC in photoreceptor cells of 2, 6, and 10 months old DBA/2J mice and age-matched C57BL/6 control mice was compared with PCR. For each age, cDNA obtained from three animals was subjected to triplicate PCR amplifications (n = 9). Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks (* p

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Mouse Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction

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    Agarose Gel Electrophoresis:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
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    Electrophoresis:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
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    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
    Article Snippet: PCR amplified a 417-bp product of the rtxA gene (primers rtxA-F [5′-CTG AAT ATG AGT GGG TGA CTT ACG-3′] and rtxA-R [5′GTG TAT TGT TCG ATA TCC GCT ACG-3′]) and a 263-bp product of the rtxC gene (primers rtxC-F [5′-CGA CGA AGA TCA TTG ACG AC-3′] and rtxC-R [5′-CAT CGT CGT TAT GTG GTT GC-3′]). .. The total reaction volume was 25 μl, which contained 3 μl of DNA template and 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (final concentrations, 1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.]), 1 μM primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphates at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer), and 1 drop of mineral oil. .. After pretreatment by heating of the mixture at 94°C for 12 min to activate the enzyme polymerase prior to the cycling reaction, DNA amplification was carried out for 30 cycles at 94°C for 1 min, 55°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min. An extension period of 72°C for 10 min was added at the end of the cycling reaction.

    Gas Chromatography:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
    Article Snippet: PCR amplified a 417-bp product of the rtxA gene (primers rtxA-F [5′-CTG AAT ATG AGT GGG TGA CTT ACG-3′] and rtxA-R [5′GTG TAT TGT TCG ATA TCC GCT ACG-3′]) and a 263-bp product of the rtxC gene (primers rtxC-F [5′-CGA CGA AGA TCA TTG ACG AC-3′] and rtxC-R [5′-CAT CGT CGT TAT GTG GTT GC-3′]). .. The total reaction volume was 25 μl, which contained 3 μl of DNA template and 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (final concentrations, 1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.]), 1 μM primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphates at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer), and 1 drop of mineral oil.

    Polymerase Chain Reaction:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
    Article Snippet: PCR amplified a 417-bp product of the rtxA gene (primers rtxA-F [5′-CTG AAT ATG AGT GGG TGA CTT ACG-3′] and rtxA-R [5′GTG TAT TGT TCG ATA TCC GCT ACG-3′]) and a 263-bp product of the rtxC gene (primers rtxC-F [5′-CGA CGA AGA TCA TTG ACG AC-3′] and rtxC-R [5′-CAT CGT CGT TAT GTG GTT GC-3′]). .. The total reaction volume was 25 μl, which contained 3 μl of DNA template and 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (final concentrations, 1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.]), 1 μM primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphates at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer), and 1 drop of mineral oil. .. After pretreatment by heating of the mixture at 94°C for 12 min to activate the enzyme polymerase prior to the cycling reaction, DNA amplification was carried out for 30 cycles at 94°C for 1 min, 55°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 1 min. An extension period of 72°C for 10 min was added at the end of the cycling reaction.

    Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
    Article Snippet: The total reaction volume was 25 μl, which contained 3 μl of DNA template and 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (final concentrations, 1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.]), 1 μM primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphates at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer), and 1 drop of mineral oil. .. For product detection, 5 μl of the PCR mixture was subjected to electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel.

    Derivative Assay:

    Article Title: Detection of RTX Toxin Gene in Vibrio cholerae by PCR
    Article Snippet: Two pairs of primers were derived from the rtxA and rtxC genes of V. cholerae N16961. .. The total reaction volume was 25 μl, which contained 3 μl of DNA template and 2.5 μl of 10× PCR buffer (final concentrations, 1.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.4 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.]), 1 μM primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphates at a concentration of 0.2 mM, 1 U of AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer), and 1 drop of mineral oil.

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    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic <t>DNA</t> - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSCI.
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    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSCI.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSCI.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC II. Plate 1- Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC II. Plate 1- Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 3. Plate 1 - Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2:1 kb ladder.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 3. Plate 1 - Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2:1 kb ladder.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 1290.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 1290.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 1290. Plate 1 Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1kb ladder and Plate 2-5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC: Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 1290. Plate 1 Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1kb ladder and Plate 2-5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC: Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC I. Plate 1-Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC I. Plate 1-Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC II.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with NSC II.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 3.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with primer 3.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with OPB 10.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram of random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction profile of Salmonella enterica isolates with OPB 10.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with OPB 10. Plate 1- Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2:1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Journal: Veterinary World

    Article Title: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-based molecular heterogeneity analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from foods of animal origin

    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.146-154

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction profiles of Salmonella enterica isolates with OPB 10. Plate 1- Lane M1: 100 bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Rough; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2:1 kb ladder and Plate 2 – Lane M1: 100bp ladder; Lane 1: Salmonella Enteritidis; Lane 2: Salmonella Lindenburg; Lane 3: Salmonella Rough; Lane 4: Salmonella Rough; Lane 5: Salmonella Typhimurium; Lane 6: NTC; Lane M2: 1 kb ladder.

    Article Snippet: Each PCR mixture consisted of 1 µg of template DNA, 2 pM solution of each primer (Xcelris, India), 5 µl 10× PCR buffer (Thermo Scientific, USA), 3 mM MgCl2 (Thermo Scientific, USA), 300 µM each nucleotides (Thermo Scientific, USA), and 3.75 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific, USA) in 50 µl PCR reaction mix.

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Differentiation of 21 bifidobacterial strains isolated from child feces using rep-PCR procedures. DNA profiles were determined in PCR reaction with (GTG) 5 primer ( a ) and BOX1R oligonucleotide ( b ). Lane: 1, DNA molecular marker, 2, Bifdobacterium NK1.2; 3, NK2.2; 4, NK6.1; 5, NK7.2; 6, NK8.1; 7, NK9.1; 8, NK10.2; 9, NK11.1; 10, NK12; 11, NK13; 12, NK14; 13, NK15; 14, NK16; 15, NK17; 16, MP1; 17, MP5; 18, MP6; 19, WP3; 20, WP4; 21, WP7; 22, WP8

    Journal: BMC Microbiology

    Article Title: Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level

    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0779-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiation of 21 bifidobacterial strains isolated from child feces using rep-PCR procedures. DNA profiles were determined in PCR reaction with (GTG) 5 primer ( a ) and BOX1R oligonucleotide ( b ). Lane: 1, DNA molecular marker, 2, Bifdobacterium NK1.2; 3, NK2.2; 4, NK6.1; 5, NK7.2; 6, NK8.1; 7, NK9.1; 8, NK10.2; 9, NK11.1; 10, NK12; 11, NK13; 12, NK14; 13, NK15; 14, NK16; 15, NK17; 16, MP1; 17, MP5; 18, MP6; 19, WP3; 20, WP4; 21, WP7; 22, WP8

    Article Snippet: PCR was carried out in the total volume of 20 μl of the reaction mixture containing 1 U (for BOXA1R-PCR) and 2 U (for (GTG)5 -PCR) of Taq DNA polymerase, 200 μM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 1 μM of each primer, 50 ng of bacterial DNA and PCR buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA).

    Techniques: Isolation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR patterns obtained with PER1 primer for 17 bifidobacterial strains. Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Journal: BMC Microbiology

    Article Title: Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level

    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0779-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR patterns obtained with PER1 primer for 17 bifidobacterial strains. Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Article Snippet: PCR was carried out in the total volume of 20 μl of the reaction mixture containing 1 U (for BOXA1R-PCR) and 2 U (for (GTG)5 -PCR) of Taq DNA polymerase, 200 μM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 1 μM of each primer, 50 ng of bacterial DNA and PCR buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA).

    Techniques: Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    BOX-PCR DNA profiles obtained for Bifidobacterium strains used in this work. Analysis of the discriminatory power of this procedure was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Journal: BMC Microbiology

    Article Title: Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level

    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0779-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: BOX-PCR DNA profiles obtained for Bifidobacterium strains used in this work. Analysis of the discriminatory power of this procedure was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Article Snippet: PCR was carried out in the total volume of 20 μl of the reaction mixture containing 1 U (for BOXA1R-PCR) and 2 U (for (GTG)5 -PCR) of Taq DNA polymerase, 200 μM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 1 μM of each primer, 50 ng of bacterial DNA and PCR buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA).

    Techniques: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker

    (GTG) 5 -PCR patterns of 17 strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium . Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Journal: BMC Microbiology

    Article Title: Comparison of various molecular methods for rapid differentiation of intestinal bifidobacteria at the species, subspecies and strain level

    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0779-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (GTG) 5 -PCR patterns of 17 strains belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium . Analysis of the discriminatory power of the procedure applied was performed at a species level ( a ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. animalis NRRL B-41406; 4, B. bifidum DSM 204564; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. catenulatum DSM 20224; 7, B. longum NRRL B-41409; 8, B. pseudocatenulatum DSM 20439; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; at a subspecies level ( b ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. animalis subsp. animalis NRRL B-41406; 3, B. animalis subsp. lactis NRRL B-41405; 4, B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697; 5, B. longum subsp. longum NRRL B-41409; 5, B. longum subsp. suis NRRL B-41407; 6, B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 7, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum DSM 20092; and at a strain level ( c ) - 1, DNA molecular marker; 2, B. adolescentis DSM 20087; 3, B. adolescentis DSM 20083; 4, B. adolescentis 20086; 5, B. breve DSM 20091; 6, B. breve NRRL B-41408; 7 , B. pseudolongum DSM 20099; 8, B. pseudolongum 20094; 9, B. pseudolongum DSM 20095

    Article Snippet: PCR was carried out in the total volume of 20 μl of the reaction mixture containing 1 U (for BOXA1R-PCR) and 2 U (for (GTG)5 -PCR) of Taq DNA polymerase, 200 μM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, 1 μM of each primer, 50 ng of bacterial DNA and PCR buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA).

    Techniques: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Marker