pbs  (BioSpec)

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491

Figure Lengend Snippet: NSC Sox2 transplantation upregulation of DCX expression in mouse hippocampus. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for DCX (red, cyanine-3). Scale bars: 100 μm; enlarged images, 20 μm. (B) Relative fluorescence intensity of DCX. All data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 5). ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). DAPI: 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; DCX: doublecortin; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage; ns: not significant; NSC: neural stem cell; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; Sox2: sex-determining region Y-box 2.

Article Snippet: After three washes with PBS with Tween 20, secondary antibodies and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (5 μg/mL, Biolegend) were applied to the sections, which were then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Saline

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491

Figure Lengend Snippet: NSC Sox2 transplantation promotes neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, and regulation of microglial polarization in mouse hippocampus. (A) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for CD31 (red, cyanine-3) and SYP (red, cyanine-3). (B) Statistical analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 in A. (C) Statistical analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity of SYP in A. (D) Percentages of Iba-1- and iNOS-positive cells in F. (E) Percentages of Iba-1- and iNOS-positive cells in F. All data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 5). ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). (F) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for Iba-1 (green, CoraLite488)/iNOS (red, cyanine-3) and Iba-1 (green, CoraLite488)/CD206 (red, cyanine-3). Scale bars: 50 μm. The arrows indicate areas in insets. DAPI: 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; Iba-1: ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage; NSC: neural stem cell; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; Sox2: sex-determining region Y-box 2; SYP: synaptophysin.

Article Snippet: After three washes with PBS with Tween 20, secondary antibodies and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (5 μg/mL, Biolegend) were applied to the sections, which were then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Binding Assay, Saline

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-01491

Figure Lengend Snippet: NSC Sox2 transplantation decreases the expression of proinflammatory factors and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors in hippocampus. (A, B) ELISA results of TNF-α (A) and IL-1β (B) in hippocampus. (C) Typical western blot bands of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, BDNF, and NGF. (D) Statistical analysis of proteins. All data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 5). ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, vs . Sham group (one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). BDNF: Brain-derived growth factor; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL: interleukin; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage; NGF: nerve growth factor; NSC: neural stem cell; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; SD: standard deviation; Sox2: sex-determining region Y-box 2; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Article Snippet: After three washes with PBS with Tween 20, secondary antibodies and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (5 μg/mL, Biolegend) were applied to the sections, which were then incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Saline, Standard Deviation

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cell–derived small extracellular vesicles enhance the therapeutic effect of retinal progenitor cells in retinal degenerative disease rats

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-02108

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transplantation of RPCs, with and without M-sEVs, preserves visual function and protects photoreceptors from apoptosis in RCS rats. (A) Representative scotopic ERG waveforms measured at a light intensity of 3 log (cd·m/s 2 ) in the RPCs + M-sEVs, RPCs, PBS, and untreated groups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post injection. (B) Statistical analysis of the amplitudes of ERG a- and b-waves at four time points in each group. (C) Representative images showing ONL thickness in the four groups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post injection. Scale bar: 50 μm. (D) Statistical analysis of ONL thickness at four time points in the four groups. Data are expressed as means ± SD ( n = 5 eyes per group); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.001 (Welch’s one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple-comparison test). DAPI: 4’,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole; ERG: electroretinogram; GFP: green fluorescent protein; INL: inner nuclear layer; M-sEVs: mesenchymal stem cell–small extracellular vesicles; ONL: outer nuclear layer; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; RPCs: retinal progenitor cells; RCS: Royal College of Surgeons; w: weeks.

Article Snippet: For immunofluorescence staining, the frozen sections and RPCs were rinsed in 0.01 M PBS and then blocked using a 0.3% solution of Triton X-100 (Beyotime, Cat# P0096) and 3% bovine serum albumin for 30 minutes at 37°C.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Injection, Comparison, Saline