Journal: MedComm

Article Title: Ipriflavone From Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Exosome‐Like Nanoparticles Targets Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 (PHD2) to Enhance Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐α (HIF‐α) Hydroxylation Thereby Alleviating Hypoxia‐Induced Gastrointestinal Mucosal Ferroptosis

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70722

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral administration of AELNs ameliorated gastric and small intestinal mucosal ferroptosis caused by hypoxia in mice. The mice were housed in a vented hypoxic chamber for 3 days ( n = 10 mice in each group). They received PBS or AELNs (1 × 10 5 particles) via oral gavage on Day 1 and were euthanized on Day 3. Representative photographs showing the microstructures of the murine gastric (A) and small intestinal mucosal cells (B) under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The red arrows indicate shrunken mitochondria (scale bar: overview, 1 µm; inset, 500 nm). Quantification of Fe 2+ , reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) of the gastric (C) and small intestinal (D) mucosa ( n = 10). Western blot analysis of the indicated protein levels in the gastric (E) and small intestinal (F) mucosa assessed by Western blot. (G) Cytokines in the gastric (upper) and small intestinal (lower) mucosa ( n = 10). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. One‐way ANOVA: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001; ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: ROS, 4‐HNE, and LPO levels were measured using kits from Elabscience (ROS, E‐BC‐K138‐F; 4‐HNE, E‐EL‐0128c; LPO, E‐BC‐K176‐M; Wuhan, Hubei, China).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot