Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Anti-Obesity Effects of a Collagen with Low Digestibility and High Swelling Capacity: A Human Randomized Control Trial

doi: 10.3390/nu16203550

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum levels of ghrelin in fasting rats and after the ingestion of the experimental food supplemented with either collagen or casein (2 h and 5 h). The values are expressed as a rate of change with respect to the initial value in fasting rats. ** p ˂ 0.01 vs. Casein (Student’s t -test).

Article Snippet: Total ghrelin was quantified with the rat/mouse ghrelin (active) ELISA kit (EZRGRA-90K, Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany) and the area under the curve was measured.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Cold Exposure Rejuvenates the Metabolic Phenotype of Panx1 −/− Mice

doi: 10.3390/biom14091058

Figure Lengend Snippet: Panx1 deletion enhances glucose over fat metabolism in 14-week-old mice. ( A ) Body weights of all 14-week-old WT (black dots) and Panx1 −/− (red dots) mice before separating them into 3 groups. ( B ) Fat mass of WT and Panx1 −/− mice (G1) measured by echoMRI. Serum total cholesterol ( C ), FFA ( D ), and TG ( E ) levels in WT and Panx1 −/− mice. Indirect calorimetry allowed the quantification of energy expenditure ( F ), cumulative food intake ( G ), cumulative water consumption ( H ), respiratory exchange ratio ( K ), and FA oxidation ( L ) in WT and Panx1 −/− mice (mice were housed two per cage; each cage was considered as one pooled sample; N = 6 cages). The active period of mice is indicated in light blue. Ghrelin ( I ), leptin ( J ), and FGF21 ( N ) levels measured by ELISA in serum of WT and Panx1 −/− mice. ( M ) Oral glucose tolerance test and ( O ) insulin tolerance test of WT (OGTT: N = 29; ITT: N = 20) and Panx1 −/− (OGTT: N = 30; ITT: N = 20) mice. Data are shown as individual data points, except for time lines where the number of mice is specified, and expressed as mean ± SEM. * p ≤ 0.05, † p ≤ 0.01, and ‡ p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: Serum adipokine concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays for leptin (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat leptin; R&D systems, Zug, Switzerland), ghrelin (rat/mouse ghrelin total ELISA kit; Millipore, Schaffhausen, Switzerland) or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat FGF21; R&D systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Cold Exposure Rejuvenates the Metabolic Phenotype of Panx1 −/− Mice

doi: 10.3390/biom14091058

Figure Lengend Snippet: The metabolic phenotype of Panx1 −/− mice normalizes between 14 and 20 weeks of age. ( A ) Body weight of 20-week-old WT (black dots) and Panx1 −/− mice (red dots). ( B ) The weight gain of the mice between 14 and 20 weeks of age was also measured. ( C ) Fat mass and ( D ) difference in fat mass (as compared to their fat mass at 14 weeks) of WT and Panx1 −/− mice were measured by echoMRI. Serum total cholesterol ( E ), FFA ( F ), and TG ( G ) levels in WT and Panx1 −/− mice. Energy expenditure ( H ), cumulative food intake ( I ), cumulative water consumption ( J ), respiratory exchange ratio ( M ), and FA oxidation ( N ) in WT and Panx1 −/− mice were measured by indirect calorimetry (N = 3 cages). The active period of mice is indicated in light blue. Ghrelin ( K ), leptin ( L ), and FGF21 ( Q ) levels measured by ELISA in serum of WT and Panx1 −/− mice. ( O ) Oral glucose tolerance test and ( P ) insulin tolerance test of WT (OGTT: N = 15; ITT: N = 8) and Panx1 −/− (OGTT: N = 15; ITT: N = 8) mice. Data are shown as individual data points, except for time lines where the number of mice is specified, and expressed as mean ± SEM. * p ≤ 0.05 and † p ≤ 0.01.

Article Snippet: Serum adipokine concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays for leptin (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat leptin; R&D systems, Zug, Switzerland), ghrelin (rat/mouse ghrelin total ELISA kit; Millipore, Schaffhausen, Switzerland) or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat FGF21; R&D systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Cold Exposure Rejuvenates the Metabolic Phenotype of Panx1 −/− Mice

doi: 10.3390/biom14091058

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cold exposure evokes different metabolic changes in Panx1 −/− and WT mice. ( A ) Body weights of 20-week-old WT (black dots) and Panx1 −/− (red dots) after 4 weeks of cold exposure at 6 °C. ( B ) The weight gain of the mice between 14 and 20 weeks of age was also measured. ( C ) Fat mass and ( D ) difference in fat mass (as compared to their fat mass at 14 weeks) of cold-exposed WT and Panx1 −/− mice were measured by echoMRI. Serum total cholesterol ( E ), FFA ( F ), and TG ( G ) levels in cold-exposed WT and Panx1 −/− mice. Energy expenditure ( H ), cumulative food intake ( I ), cumulative water consumption ( J ), respiratory exchange ratio ( M ), and FA oxidation ( N ) in WT and Panx1 −/− mice were measured by indirect calorimetry (N = 3 cages) during cold exposure. The active period of mice is indicated in light blue. Ghrelin ( K ), leptin ( L ), and FGF21 ( P ) levels measured by ELISA in serum of cold-exposed WT and Panx1 −/− mice. ( O ) Oral glucose tolerance test and ( Q ) insulin tolerance test of cold-exposed WT (OGTT: N = 15; ITT: N = 8) and Panx1 −/− (OGTT: N = 15; ITT: N = 8) mice. Data are shown as individual data points, except for time lines where the number of mice is specified, and expressed as mean ± SEM. * p ≤ 0.05, † p ≤ 0.01, and ‡ p ≤ 0.001.

Article Snippet: Serum adipokine concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays for leptin (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat leptin; R&D systems, Zug, Switzerland), ghrelin (rat/mouse ghrelin total ELISA kit; Millipore, Schaffhausen, Switzerland) or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat FGF21; R&D systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Biomolecules

Article Title: Cold Exposure Rejuvenates the Metabolic Phenotype of Panx1 −/− Mice

doi: 10.3390/biom14091058

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustrating the main findings of our study. Upon chronic cold exposure (6 °C) Panx1 −/− mice exhibit increased energy expenditure and have an increased ghrelin/leptin ratio resulting in increased food and water intake. Their serum TG and FFAs, as well as fat mass, are relatively decreased as compared to WT mice under the same conditions. WAT of cold-exposed Panx1 −/− mice contain smaller adipocytes than WT mice with increased levels of Glut4. While chronic cold exposure induced Glut4, Cidea, Ucp1, and Cpt1 in WAT of WT mice, chronic cold exposure of Panx1 −/− mice failed to induce Ucp1, Cpt1, and Glut4 in their WAT, pointing to Ucp1-independent thermogenesis in Panx1 −/− mice.

Article Snippet: Serum adipokine concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays for leptin (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat leptin; R&D systems, Zug, Switzerland), ghrelin (rat/mouse ghrelin total ELISA kit; Millipore, Schaffhausen, Switzerland) or fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (Quantikine ELISA mouse/rat FGF21; R&D systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Skin Research and Technology

Article Title: Ghrelin induced by ultraviolet B exposure promotes the restoration of diabetic cutaneous wound healing

doi: 10.1111/srt.13919

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure on angiogenesis and hormone secretion in diabetic mice. On day 14 post‐treatments, CD31 expression in wounded skin tissues determined by PCR (A), Western blotting (B), and immunohistochemistry (C). Analysis of total ghrelin (D) and leptin levels (E) in serum were detected by ELISA. The mRNA of them (F and G) in skin tissues were measured by qPCR. Subsequently, the relationship between CD31 and ghrelin (H) or leptin (I) gene expressions were determined by Pearson's correlation analyses. Data were showed as mean ± SEM, with *** p < 0.001 and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The ghrelin concentration was assessed using the Mouse Ghrelin (GHRL) ELISA Kit (abx154080, Abbexa, Cambridge, UK) while the leptin level was determined with the Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit (PL696, Beyotime, Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Skin Research and Technology

Article Title: Ghrelin induced by ultraviolet B exposure promotes the restoration of diabetic cutaneous wound healing

doi: 10.1111/srt.13919

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ghrelin protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against high glucose‐induced injury on cell migratory and angiogenic activities. Cells were added with 33 mM glucose with or without ghrelin treatment. After treatment, wound healing assay (A) showcasing the migration distance of HUVECs at 6 and 12 h post‐wounding. Tube formation assay (B) were conducted to highlight the number of branch points of treated cells. The protein expression (C) and secreted level (D) of vascular endothelial growth factor were determined by the western blot analysis and ELISA, respectively. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. *** p < 0.001; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The ghrelin concentration was assessed using the Mouse Ghrelin (GHRL) ELISA Kit (abx154080, Abbexa, Cambridge, UK) while the leptin level was determined with the Mouse Leptin ELISA Kit (PL696, Beyotime, Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Tube Formation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay