Journal: Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Article Title: High Cellular Monocyte Activation in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and Lifestyle-Matched Controls Is Associated With Greater Inflammation in Cerebrospinal Fluid

doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx108

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenotyping of monocytes from people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), HIV-negative Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) participants and blood bank donors (BBD). (a) Percentages of classical (CD14 + CD16 − ), intermediate (CD14 + CD16 + ), and nonclassical (CD14 + CD16 ++ ) monocytes of the total number of monocytes. (b) Relative expression of markers of activation (CD163, CD32, CD64, HLA-DR, and CD38), T-cell costimulation (CD40 and CD86), and adhesion (CD91, CD11c, and CX3CR1) molecules on classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes. Mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs) were normalized to 100% over the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocyte subpopulations of PLHIV (red), HIV-negatives COBRA participants (blue), and BBD (gray) and represented as the mean and 95% confidence interval. Uncorrected P values assessed by multivariable linear regression corrected for age and gender are shown.

Article Snippet: Soluble (s)CD16 concentrations were determined in plasma samples stored at −80°C by sandwich ELISA using mouse immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 antihuman CD16 3G8 mAb (BD Pharmingen) as capture antibody, FITC-conjugated mouse IgG antihuman CD16 DJ130c mAb (Dako) as detection antibody, and sheep IgG (Fab fragment) anti-FITC conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (Roche) as enzyme-linked secondary antibody, as described elsewhere [ ].

Techniques: Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis Assay, Expressing, Activation Assay, Fluorescence