Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Tumor Treating Fields modulate apoptotic and immune programs in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13195

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTFields reduce viability of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. (A) Normalized cell viability of Jurkat (black) and MOLT-4 (gray) cells after exposure to 0.0-1.2 V/cm TTFields. Jurkat exhibits minimal change at 0.4 V/cm but sharp reductions at ≥0.8 V/cm; MOLT-4 declines across all intensities. The right panel shows cell viability across the tested frequency range, with no marked frequency-dependent differences observed. (B) Time-course of live-cell counts (0-96 h) under control vs. TTFields. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. TTFields/TTF, Tumor Treating Fields.

Article Snippet: Human T-ALL cell lines, Jurkat (cat. no. 40152) and MOLT-4 (cat. no. 21582), were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Tumor Treating Fields modulate apoptotic and immune programs in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13195

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTFields increase cellular granularity and mitochondrial fluorescence in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. (A) Representative FSC/SSC plots and quantification of side-scatter mean fluorescence intensity (median SSC-A values). FSC-A associates with cell size, while SSC-A reflects intracellular complexity such as organelle content and granularity. (B) MitoTracker green fluorescence intensity was normalized to control values and was significantly elevated in both Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells following TTFields treatment. (C) Intracellular ATP levels measured using the CellTiter-Glo luminescence assay and normalized to control values. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. TTFields/TTF, Tumor Treating Fields; SSC, side scatter; FSC, forward scatter; A, area; CON, control; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; a.u., arbitrary units.

Article Snippet: Human T-ALL cell lines, Jurkat (cat. no. 40152) and MOLT-4 (cat. no. 21582), were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Control, Luminescence Assay

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: Tumor Treating Fields modulate apoptotic and immune programs in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines

doi: 10.3892/etm.2026.13195

Figure Lengend Snippet: TTFields reduce CD69 expression and alter immune-related gene transcription in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. (A) Flow-cytometric analysis showed reduced CD69 + fractions in pre-activated Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells following 48-96 h TTFields exposure, with quantitative summaries indicating a consistent downward trend. TTFields treatment reduced CD69 expression in MOLT-4 cells, whereas no significant change was observed in Jurkat cells. (B) Gene-expression profiling after 48 h further demonstrated decreased CD69 and IL-2 and increased RELA and CBLB transcripts. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001. TTFields/TTF, Tumor Treating Fields; RELA, RELA proto-oncogene, NF-κB subunit; CBLB, CBL proto-oncogene B; Con, control.

Article Snippet: Human T-ALL cell lines, Jurkat (cat. no. 40152) and MOLT-4 (cat. no. 21582), were obtained from the Korean Cell Line Bank.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Activation-gated, T cell-restricted silencing of Dapk1 enhances Bacille Calmette-Guérin-elicited protective CD4 + memory

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115593

Figure Lengend Snippet: Memory phenotype CD4 + T cells downregulate DAPK1 (A and B) Dapk1 is transcriptionally downregulated in CD44 hi CD4 + T cells and converges on apoptotic pathways. (A) Volcano plot displaying DEGs (CD44 hi vs. CD44 lo ). Key apoptosis-related genes are labeled with log 2 FC and p values. (B) Venn diagram illustrating that Dapk1 is uniquely shared across three apoptotic pathways. (C) Dapk1 mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in CD44 lo , CD44 int , and CD44 hi CD4 + T cell fractions and normalized to Gapdh ( n = 5). (D) Validation of DAPK1 knockdown by RT-qPCR (upper side) and immunoblotting (lower side) in Jurkat cells stably expressing sh DAPK1 or a scramble control ( n = 3). (E) FCM quantification of intracellular active caspase-3 (upper side) and cell viability (using FVS780 dye, lower side) in Jurkat cells 24 h after activation with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies ( n = 6). (F) Doxycycline-inducible knockdown of DAPK1. DAPK1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively, in MOLT-4 cells stably expressing a Dox-inducible sh DAPK1 construct 48 h after Dox treatment ( n = 3). (G) FCM quantification of cell viability in the same MOLT-4 cells as in (F) ( n = 3). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Comparisons between two groups were analyzed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. Comparisons among three or more groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: Jurket cells MOLT-4 , ATCC ATCC , Cat# TIB-152 Cat# CRL-1582.

Techniques: Labeling, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Biomarker Discovery, Knockdown, Western Blot, Stable Transfection, Control, Activation Assay, Construct, Two Tailed Test