brp lpa  (Echelon Biosciences)


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    Echelon Biosciences brp lpa
    <t>LPA</t> produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) <t>BrP-LPA</t> 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
    Brp Lpa, supplied by Echelon Biosciences, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 16 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 90 stars, based on 16 article reviews
    Price from $9.99 to $1999.99
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels"

    Article Title: Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels

    Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

    doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812141

    LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Techniques Used:

    2) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    3) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    4) Product Images from "Elevated and secreted phospholipase A2 activities as new potential therapeutic targets in human epithelial ovarian cancer"

    Article Title: Elevated and secreted phospholipase A2 activities as new potential therapeutic targets in human epithelial ovarian cancer

    Journal: The FASEB Journal

    doi: 10.1096/fj.12-207597

    Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA
    Figure Legend Snippet: Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Techniques Used: Ex Vivo

    Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA
    Figure Legend Snippet: Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Techniques Used: Ex Vivo

    5) Product Images from "Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels"

    Article Title: Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels

    Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

    doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812141

    LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Techniques Used:

    6) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    7) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    8) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    9) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    10) Product Images from "Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels"

    Article Title: Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels

    Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

    doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812141

    LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Techniques Used:

    11) Product Images from "Disrupted Blood‐Brain Barrier and Mitochondrial Impairment by Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis in Postischemic Stroke"

    Article Title: Disrupted Blood‐Brain Barrier and Mitochondrial Impairment by Autotaxin–Lysophosphatidic Acid Axis in Postischemic Stroke

    Journal: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease

    doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.021511

    Biochemical assays improved with the use of inhibitors. A , Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of mouse brain slices and respective infarct volume (percentage of the hemisphere) measured in sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice (n=5 in each group). B , Superoxide measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography in brain tissue lysate after staining with a dihydroethidium fluorescence probe in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. C through E , Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity quantified in brain tissue lysate from sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. F , Glutathione levels were measured in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. All values are mean±SD (1‐way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey, post hoc test, was performed).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Biochemical assays improved with the use of inhibitors. A , Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of mouse brain slices and respective infarct volume (percentage of the hemisphere) measured in sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice (n=5 in each group). B , Superoxide measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography in brain tissue lysate after staining with a dihydroethidium fluorescence probe in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. C through E , Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity quantified in brain tissue lysate from sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. F , Glutathione levels were measured in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. All values are mean±SD (1‐way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey, post hoc test, was performed).

    Techniques Used: Staining, Mouse Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fluorescence, Activity Assay

    Autotaxin (ATX) inhibitors in middle cerebral artery occlusion decrease ATX activity and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). A , Enzymatic activity test for ATX, measured with AR‐2 fluorescence, quantified as relative fluorescence unit (RFU), in sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, and PF8380 mouse brain slices. B , Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) subspecies in plasma from sham, I/R, HA130, and PF8380 mice measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [LC‐MS]) quantified relative to 18:1 LPC. C , LPA subspecies in plasma from sham, I/R, HA130, and PF8380 mice measured with LC‐MS, quantified relative to 18:1 LPA. D and E , Graph represents oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (pmol/min per µg protein) measurements in isolated mitochondria from sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mouse brain tissue at baseline and after sequential addition of oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoro‐methoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP), and antimycin A+rotenone. F , Spare respiratory capacity, ATP turnover, and maximum respiration values analyzed in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. All values are mean±SD. * P
    Figure Legend Snippet: Autotaxin (ATX) inhibitors in middle cerebral artery occlusion decrease ATX activity and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). A , Enzymatic activity test for ATX, measured with AR‐2 fluorescence, quantified as relative fluorescence unit (RFU), in sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, and PF8380 mouse brain slices. B , Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) subspecies in plasma from sham, I/R, HA130, and PF8380 mice measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [LC‐MS]) quantified relative to 18:1 LPC. C , LPA subspecies in plasma from sham, I/R, HA130, and PF8380 mice measured with LC‐MS, quantified relative to 18:1 LPA. D and E , Graph represents oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (pmol/min per µg protein) measurements in isolated mitochondria from sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mouse brain tissue at baseline and after sequential addition of oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoro‐methoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP), and antimycin A+rotenone. F , Spare respiratory capacity, ATP turnover, and maximum respiration values analyzed in sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. All values are mean±SD. * P

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Fluorescence, Mouse Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Liquid Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Isolation

    Improved endothelial permeability with the use of inhibitors. A , Evans blue fluorescence measured and quantified with relative fluorescence unit (RFU) in whole brains of sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. B , Immunofluorescence staining for claudin‐5 in ipsilateral cortex of sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. C , Immunofluorescence staining for zonula occludens‐1 in ipsilateral cortex of sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. Bar=200 µm. All values are mean±SD (1‐way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey, post hoc test, was performed). CD31 indicates cluster of differentiation 31; and DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Improved endothelial permeability with the use of inhibitors. A , Evans blue fluorescence measured and quantified with relative fluorescence unit (RFU) in whole brains of sham, ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. B , Immunofluorescence staining for claudin‐5 in ipsilateral cortex of sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. C , Immunofluorescence staining for zonula occludens‐1 in ipsilateral cortex of sham, I/R, HA130, PF8380, or BrP‐LPA mice. Bar=200 µm. All values are mean±SD (1‐way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey, post hoc test, was performed). CD31 indicates cluster of differentiation 31; and DAPI, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole.

    Techniques Used: Permeability, Fluorescence, Mouse Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining

    12) Product Images from "Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels"

    Article Title: Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels

    Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

    doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812141

    LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Techniques Used:

    13) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    14) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

    15) Product Images from "1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype"

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p
    Figure Legend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Techniques Used: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p
    Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Techniques Used: Inhibition, Western Blot

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    Echelon Biosciences brp lpa
    <t>LPA</t> produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) <t>BrP-LPA</t> 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P
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    LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Journal: The Journal of General Physiology

    Article Title: Different agonists induce distinct single-channel conductance states in TRPV1 channels

    doi: 10.1085/jgp.201812141

    Figure Lengend Snippet: LPA produces an increase in single-channel currents in TRPV1 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293. (A–D) Representative traces from single-channel recordings of TRPV1 channels in the inside-out configuration, as compared with capsaicin. The letters c and o represent the closed and open state levels shown in the histograms. The vertical dotted lines represent the average single-current amplitude elicited by capsaicin (6.84 ± 0.23 pA; n = 24) before the application of treatment. (A) Capsaicin 4 µM + BSA 0.0005% (6.57 ± 1 pA; n = 4). (B) LPA 5 µM in BSA 0.0005% (9.66 ± 0.23 pA; n = 10). (C) BrP-LPA 5 µM (8.97 ± 0.27 pA; n = 6). (D) Capsaicin 5 µM + 2.5 µM LPC (7.34 ± 0.41 pA; n = 3). (E) Summary of the results in A–D. Lines between the symbols indicate average ± SEM. *, statistical significance P

    Article Snippet: To obtain the single-channel current amplitude in response to different agonists, the voltage protocol consisted of a series of 60-mV rectangular pulses lasting 1 s, with a holding potential of 0 mV for 10 ms. Once we obtained an inside-out membrane patch with only one TRPV1 channel, it was exposed to 4 µM capsaicin, then it was washed with recording solution until no openings were observed, and then it was exposed to one of the following conditions: (a) capsaicin + 0.0005% BSA in DMEM, as a control for the vehicle used for LPA; (b) LPA 5 µM; (c) BrP-LPA 5 µM, which is an LPA analogue we had previously reported as a TRPV1 activator ( ); or (d) LPC 2.5 µM + 4 µM capsaicin, because LPC is a lipid with a geometry similar to LPA ( ; ) but is not a TRPV1 agonist.

    Techniques:

    LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: LPA receptor antagonists attenuate M1 surface marker expression in BV-2 cells. Serum-starved (o/n) cells were cultivated in the presence of vehicle, LPA (1 μM), or LPA plus a BrP-LPA (5 μM) and b TCLPA5 (5 μM) for the indicated times. Inhibitors were added 2 h prior LPA addition. Cells were stained with PE-conjugated anti-CD40, APC-conjugated anti-CD86, or PE-conjugated anti-CD206 antibodies and analyzed using a Guava easyCyte 8 Millipore flow cytometer. Results from four individual experiments in triplicate are shown as mean values + SD. (* p

    Article Snippet: BrP-LPA was diluted in distilled water (stock concentration of 2 mM), aliquoted and kept at −20 °C.

    Techniques: Marker, Expressing, Staining, Flow Cytometry

    Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: 1-Oleyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes polarization of BV-2 and primary murine microglia towards an M1-like phenotype

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0701-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of LPA5 suppresses the LPA-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in BV-2 and primary murine microglia. a Serum-starved BV-2 cells were treated with LPA in the absence or presence of BrP-LPA (5 μM; upper panel) or TCLPA5 (5 μM; lower panel) added 2 h prior to LPA addition. COX-2 and Arg-1 response was monitored using Western blotting. One representative plot for each protein and the densitometric analysis (mean + SD) from four independent experiments is presented. (** p

    Article Snippet: BrP-LPA was diluted in distilled water (stock concentration of 2 mM), aliquoted and kept at −20 °C.

    Techniques: Inhibition, Western Blot

    Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Journal: The FASEB Journal

    Article Title: Elevated and secreted phospholipase A2 activities as new potential therapeutic targets in human epithelial ovarian cancer

    doi: 10.1096/fj.12-207597

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Article Snippet: Bromoenol lactone (BEL) and methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) was from EMD Chemicals (Philadelphia, PA, USA); thioetheramide-phosphatidylcholine (TAPC) was from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); and BrP-LPA was from Echelon Bioscience.

    Techniques: Ex Vivo

    Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Journal: The FASEB Journal

    Article Title: Elevated and secreted phospholipase A2 activities as new potential therapeutic targets in human epithelial ovarian cancer

    doi: 10.1096/fj.12-207597

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Ex vivo lipid generation in S1 and S4 ascites fractions is time-dependent and sensitive to MAFP, BEL, and BrP-LPA

    Article Snippet: Bromoenol lactone (BEL) and methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) was from EMD Chemicals (Philadelphia, PA, USA); thioetheramide-phosphatidylcholine (TAPC) was from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); and BrP-LPA was from Echelon Bioscience.

    Techniques: Ex Vivo