Journal: Biomaterials

Article Title: Potentiating the effect of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer using gas-entrapping materials

doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123097

Figure Lengend Snippet: CO exposure increases MHC-I and PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Human and mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines were exposed to CO in the air at a concentration of 250 ppm for 48 hours before being harvested for analysis of gene and protein expression. (A) Log 10 -fold change in RNA levels for antigen processing and presentation proteins, MHC-I molecules, and PD-L1 in human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc1) exposed to CO relative to air. Data are means ± standard deviation. CO-treated samples; n=3; air-treated samples, n=3. (B) Gene set enrichment analysis of pathways that promote immunotherapy response and were upregulated in human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc1) exposed to CO relative to those exposed to air. Data are means ± standard deviation; CO-treated samples; n=3; air-treated samples, n=3. (C) Western blots from cell lysates obtained from human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc1) or mouse pancreatic cancer cells (KPC) exposed to CO or air. β-actin served as a loading control. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of Panc1 or KPC cells exposed to CO or air in the presence or absence of increasing concentrations of IFN-γ. Cells were analyzed for expression of MHC-I (HLA in humans; H2Kb in mice) or PD-L1. Results represent the mean ± standard deviation of 3 independent experiments. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P < 0.001; Panc1 with CO + IFN-γ, n=8; Panc1 with air + IFN-γ, n=8; KPC with CO + IFN-γ, n=8; KPC with air + IFN-γ, n=8; P values were determined by unpaired t-test.

Article Snippet: To generate syngeneic tumors, 3 × 10 6 KPC cells were injected into the right flank of C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Biomaterials

Article Title: Potentiating the effect of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer using gas-entrapping materials

doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123097

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhanced anti-tumor effects for combined treatment with CO-GeMs and ICIs. (A) Volumes and weights of subcutaneous allograft pancreatic tumors. Once tumors reached a volume of approximately 100 mm 3 mice received intratumoral injection of CO-GeMs and anti-PD-1 antibody, alone and in combination, or with IgG control. Results represent the mean ± standard deviation of 7 mice/group. Statistical analysis on day 19 post initiation of treatment. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P < 0.001; P values determined by one-way ANOVA. (B) Representative immunohistochemical staining for CD8 and CD45 in tumors treated with anti-PD-1 antibody with or without CO-GeM exposure in mice treated as in (A). (C) Quantification of CD8+ and CD45+ cells in subcutaneous allograft tumors from mice treated as in (A). The results represent the mean ± standard deviation of 10 images/group. NS, not significant; *, p < 0.05, ***, P <0.001. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA. (D) Luciferase emission as determined by bioluminescence imaging and Kaplan-Meier survival curves of allograft hepatic metastases induced in C57BL/6J mice using luc-expressing KPC cells. Results represent mean ± standard deviation of 5–7 mice/group. IgG control, n=5; CO, n=6; anti-PD-1, n=7; anti-PD-1 + CO, n=7. P values were determined by one-way ANOVA. NS, not significant; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: To generate syngeneic tumors, 3 × 10 6 KPC cells were injected into the right flank of C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Standard Deviation, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Luciferase, Imaging, Expressing