isoflurane  (Baxter Healthcare)

Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Lipid metabolism disturbances and AMPK activation in prolonged propofol-sedated rabbits under mechanical ventilation

doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunoblot analysis of AMPK phosphorylation in the heart. New Zealand rabbits under mechanically ventilation were subjected to sedation with 1% propofol, isoflurane and isoflurane while receiving Intralipid 10%, respectively, for 30–36 h. AMPK

Article Snippet: Animals were sedated using an alternative anesthetic, isoflurane (Baxter International, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA), for 36 h with a conventional vaporizer at an initial rate of 1% to distinguish the effects of propofol sedation from the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Lipid metabolism disturbances and AMPK activation in prolonged propofol-sedated rabbits under mechanical ventilation

doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.155

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical detection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the heart. New Zealand rabbits under mechanically ventilation were subjected to sedation with 1% propofol (A), isoflurane (B) and isoflurane while receiving Intralipid 10% (C),

Article Snippet: Animals were sedated using an alternative anesthetic, isoflurane (Baxter International, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA), for 36 h with a conventional vaporizer at an initial rate of 1% to distinguish the effects of propofol sedation from the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of isoflurane on wild-type IKs and A341V mutant under heterozygous conditions in HL-1 cells. The cDNA ratios for each subunit used for transfection were the same for those used in . (A) Representative current traces of 2KCNQ1+KCNE1

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Transfection

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of the inhibitory effects of isoflurane under heterozygous conditions and the impact of A341V on current density. (A) Summary of the inhibitory effects of isoflurane on 2KCNQ1+KCNE1 and A341V+KCNQ1+KCNE1 at +60 mV. Similar to the homozygous conditions

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects on isoflurane on whole-cell potassium currents (IKs) fusion proteins. A. Schematic of the fusion proteins. In the MK24 protein, the C-terminus of KCNE1 was linked to the N-terminus of KCNQ1, and in the MKK44, the C-terminus of KCNE1 was linked

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of isoflurane on wild-type IKs and A341V mutant under heterozygous conditions. Whole-cell currents were monitored in HEK293 cells expressing A341V+KCNQ1+KCNE1 (2.4 μg of complementary DNA [cDNA] for each subunit) and compared to those

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Expressing

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Role of F340 in determining anesthetic sensitivity. The inhibitory effects of isoflurane (0.5 mM) were determined in two KCNQ1 mutants, F340A and F340C, as shown in panels (A) and (B), respectively. The results are summarized in (C). Current inhibition

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simulation of the cardiac action potential using the ten Tusscher model of human ventricular myocyte. (A) Simulated action potential under control condition (wild-type IKs) in the absence and presence (dashed lines) of isoflurane. (B) Simulated action potential

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Isoflurane on KCNQ1+KCNE1 and A341V+KCNE1 in HL-1 cardiomyocytes

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of isoflurane on KCNQ1+KCNE1 and A341V+KCNE1 in a cardiac cell line, HL-1 cells. (A) Representative whole-cell current traces of KCNQ1+KCNE1 in control and in the presence of isoflurane is shown. The voltage protocol is as depicted in

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of isoflurane on KCNQ1 expressed alone in HL-1 cells. (A) Representative current traces of KCNQ1 are shown in the absence and presence of 0.5 mM isoflurane. (B) The effects of isoflurane on the corresponding voltage-dependence of activation

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of isoflurane on wild-type IKs (KCNQ1+KCNE1) and A341V mutant in HEK293 cells. (A) Representative whole-cell current traces of KCNQ1+KCNE1 in the absence and presence of isoflurane (0.54 ± 0.05 mM; equivalent to 1.14 vol % at 22 °C)

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: Anesthesiology

Article Title: Enhanced Effects of Isoflurane on the Long QT Syndrome 1 associated A341V Mutant

doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000583

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Isoflurane on KCNQ1+KCNE1 and A341V+KCNE1 in HEK293 Cells

Article Snippet: Isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was dispersed in the external solution, kept in glass-syringe reservoirs to ensure a constant concentration, and delivered to the recording chamber by using syringe pumps at a rate of 90 ml/h, followed by washing out with external solution at a rate of 90 ml/h.

Techniques:

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in developing hippocampal neurons ☆

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes of Ca 2+ concentrations induced by 0.75% isoflurane (Iso) in hippocampal neurons. (A) Representative changes of intracellular calcium concentrations induced by 0.75% Iso. (B) The peak concentrations of intracellular calcium induced by 0.75% Iso. a P

Article Snippet: Flow cytometry for detection of neuronal apoptosis The coverslips with hippocampal neurons were placed in a sealed chamber at 37°C, incubated with Hank's balanced salt solution for 8 hours, which was aerated with 21%O2 /5%CO2 /N2 containing 0.75% isoflurane (Baxter International Inc., Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in developing hippocampal neurons ☆

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Apoptosis induced by 0.75% isoflurane (Iso) in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. (A) Scatterplot of apoptosis induced by 0.75% Iso. (a) Control; (b) Iso + 1.8 mM [Ca 2+ ] 0 ; (c) Iso + 1 μM brilliant blue G (BBG); (d) Iso + 0 mM [Ca 2+ ] 0 ; (e) Iso + 1 μM Xestospongin C (Xc); (f) Iso + 0 mM [Ca 2+ ] 0 + 1 μM Xc; (g) 1 μM BBG; (h) 1 μM Xc. Right upper quadrant represents the area with necrotic neurons; right lower quadrant represents the area with apoptotic neurons; left lower quadrant represents the area with normal neurons. (B) The percentage of neuronal apoptosis in all groups (mean ± SD, n = 6, one-way analysis of variance followed by least squares analysis). a P

Article Snippet: Flow cytometry for detection of neuronal apoptosis The coverslips with hippocampal neurons were placed in a sealed chamber at 37°C, incubated with Hank's balanced salt solution for 8 hours, which was aerated with 21%O2 /5%CO2 /N2 containing 0.75% isoflurane (Baxter International Inc., Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in developing hippocampal neurons ☆

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of isoflurane on P2X7-gated currents in hippocampal neurons. Representative whole-cell current response of neurons to 2’,3’-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl-adenosine triphosphate (BZATP) or 0.75% isoflurane dissolved in the extracellular fluid. Fifteen neurons were recorded with each treatment. BZATP at 100 μM or 0.75% isoflurane was applied to the neurons for 5 seconds to induce inward currents. Brilliant blue G (BBG) blocked the inward currents induced by isoflurane.

Article Snippet: Flow cytometry for detection of neuronal apoptosis The coverslips with hippocampal neurons were placed in a sealed chamber at 37°C, incubated with Hank's balanced salt solution for 8 hours, which was aerated with 21%O2 /5%CO2 /N2 containing 0.75% isoflurane (Baxter International Inc., Shanghai, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in developing hippocampal neurons ☆

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.09.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of isoflurane on the expression of P2X7 receptor protein in hippocampal neurons. (A) Western blotting results of P2X7 receptor protein in neurons. (B) Quantitative analysis of P2X7 receptor protein. Control: Neurons in normal conditions; isoflurane: neurons were treated with 0.75% isoflurane for 8 hours. The expression of P2X7 receptor protein was expressed as the ratio of the absorbance value between P2X7 receptor protein and β-actin. The expression of P2X7 receptor protein after the neurons were treated with 0.75% isoflurane did not change compared with control (mean ± SD, n = 6, Student's t -test).

Article Snippet: Flow cytometry for detection of neuronal apoptosis The coverslips with hippocampal neurons were placed in a sealed chamber at 37°C, incubated with Hank's balanced salt solution for 8 hours, which was aerated with 21%O2 /5%CO2 /N2 containing 0.75% isoflurane (Baxter International Inc., Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanistic insights into volatile anesthetic modulation of K2P channels

doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.144287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass spectrometry analysis of purified human TRAAK. Results of MS analysis of TRAAK in the absence of reaction with Azi-isoflurane (top) or following reaction with 30 μM Azi-isoflurane (bottom). Regions positively identified by mass spectrometry analysis are shown in blue in the TRAAK structural model (PDB ID 4WFE) and in black font in the sequence data. Regions absent from MS data are displayed in matching color in both the structural model and the sequence data. TRAAK residues homologous to TREK1 positions that exhibit high isoflurane occupancy in MD simulation are displayed as spheres in the structural model of TRAAK and are denoted in the sequence data by an enlarged font. All of these residues are identified by MS, but none show evidence of Azi-isoflurane labeling. A group of residues in the C-terminal region of TRAAK (marked in grey in the sequence data) were absent from our MS analysis but are not present in the TRAAK structural model.

Article Snippet: For volatile anesthetic experiments, isoflurane saturated ND96 was prepared by adding commercially available isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) to a 100ml volume of ND96 until phase separation was clearly observable.

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Purification, Sequencing, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanistic insights into volatile anesthetic modulation of K2P channels

doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.144287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional validation of azi-isoflune activity on TREK1 channels. Representative two electrode voltage clamp recordings demonstrate the potentiating effects of saturating doses of isolflurane (A) and azi-isoflurane (B). Chemical structures of isoflurane and azi-isoflurane are shown. (C) Fold effect of administration of either isoflurane or azi-isoflurane on TREK1 outward current, as determined by the ratio of the recorded current at a voltage of 0mV, immediately prior to and following administration of VA agent. No significant difference was found between the responses of TREK1 to isoflurane versus azi-isoflurane, unpaired two tailed t-test P value of 0.11 (D) Dose response curve for azi-isoflurane activation of TREK1. Data derived from n > 6, N > 2 experimental observations. Error bars in panel C and D are mean ± SEM

Article Snippet: For volatile anesthetic experiments, isoflurane saturated ND96 was prepared by adding commercially available isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) to a 100ml volume of ND96 until phase separation was clearly observable.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test, Activation Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanistic insights into volatile anesthetic modulation of K2P channels

doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.144287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass spectrometry protein fragment tables. Shown are the fragmentation tables of the (top) 176-GVGDQL G TI-184 photolabeled peptide in the presence of 30 μM Aziisoflurane (middle) the 193-E K MFVKWNVSQTKIRVT-209 photolabeled peptide in the presence of 30 μM Aziisoflurane, and (bottom) the 193-E K MFVKWNVSQTKIRVT-209 photolabeled peptide in the presence of 30 μM Aziisoflurane (AziISO) and 3 mM isoflurane. Detected identified a, b (red) and z, y (blue) ions are colored red and blue, respectively. Residues detected with a modification are noted, and those modified by Aziisoflurane are additionally noted in bold and underlined.

Article Snippet: For volatile anesthetic experiments, isoflurane saturated ND96 was prepared by adding commercially available isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) to a 100ml volume of ND96 until phase separation was clearly observable.

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Modification

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanistic insights into volatile anesthetic modulation of K2P channels

doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.144287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mass spectrometry analysis of purified zebrafish TREK1. Results of MS analysis of TREK1 WT in the (top) absence of reaction with Azi-isoflurane, (second) following reaction with 30 μM Azi-isoflurane, (third) following reaction with 30 μM Azi-isoflurane in the presence of 3mM Isoflurane, or (bottom) TREK1 G182W following reaction with 30 μM Azi-isoflurane. Regions positively identified by mass spectrometry analysis are shown in red in the TREK1 structural model (PDB ID 6CQ6) and in black font in the sequence data. Regions absent from MS data occurred in five distinct regions, all of which are displayed in matching color in both the structural model and the sequence data. The G182 and K194 residues found to be modified by azi-isoflurane in TREK1 WT are shows as pink spheres in the structural model, and positive photolabeling is denoted in the sequence data by enlarged font and pink color. The A67 and T303 residues modified by azi-isoflurane in TREK1 G182W are similarly denoted in blue. The initial and final residues in the TREK1 protein were not identified in the majority of the MS results and are shown in grey to denote absence from positive MS identification. These residues are not present in the TREK1 structural model.

Article Snippet: For volatile anesthetic experiments, isoflurane saturated ND96 was prepared by adding commercially available isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) to a 100ml volume of ND96 until phase separation was clearly observable.

Techniques: Mass Spectrometry, Purification, Sequencing, Modification

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Mechanistic insights into volatile anesthetic modulation of K2P channels

doi: 10.1101/2020.06.10.144287

Figure Lengend Snippet: Azi-isoflurane photolabeling of TREK1: (A) Mass spectra of TREK1 photoaffinity labeled peptides labeled at Glycine182 (top) and Lysine 194 (bottom). Colored intensities denote the identified peptide a, b, z, and y ion fragments for the sequence assignment, as shown in the inset boxes. See Supp. Fig. 4 for corresponding peptide tables. (B) A structural model of mouse TREK1 (PDBID 6CQ6), showing the positions of residues G182 and K194 (labeled red spheres) along the TM2 helix. (C) Alignment of the TREK1 TM2 and TM3 helixes from human (hTREK1), mouse (mTREK1), and zebrafish (drTREK1).

Article Snippet: For volatile anesthetic experiments, isoflurane saturated ND96 was prepared by adding commercially available isoflurane (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) to a 100ml volume of ND96 until phase separation was clearly observable.

Techniques: Labeling, Sequencing