rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2

    Rabbit Polyclonal Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2/product/Alomone Labs
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    1) Product Images from "MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18"

    Article Title: MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100871


    Figure Legend Snippet:

    Techniques Used: Recombinant, Staining, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Western Blot, Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Software

    hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs hcn2
    Statistical analysis methods and results for validation data
    Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function"

    Article Title: Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function

    Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

    doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01568-z

    Statistical analysis methods and results for validation data
    Figure Legend Snippet: Statistical analysis methods and results for validation data

    Techniques Used:

    Oligodendroglia cluster segregation and validation. a Feature plots of subsetted oligodendroglia that qualitatively show the expression of lineage marker and cluster marker genes (scale bars show LogNormalized counts). PLP1 marks oligodendrocytes (Oligo) and PDGFRA oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). b Dot plot of a selection of marker genes for committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (COP_A-C), oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC_A & B) and oligodendrocytes (Oligo_A-F) showing cluster segregation. The dendrogram visualizes the relationship of clusters based on 2000 most variable genes. c Validation of oligodendrocyte cluster markers by immuno-fluorescence stainings at the protein level. OLIG2-positive oligodendrocytes show either one cluster marker (fat arrow) or a second cluster marker (arrowhead), only with the occasional double-positive cell (thin arrow). SPARC-positive Oligo_F cells also express HCN2. d BaseScope duplex stainings for OPC cluster validation. Dotted line delineates the cell boundary with arrow pointing at cluster marker signal. PDGFRA marks all OPCs with PAX3 labelling OPC_A and NELL1, OPC_B. e, f Proportion of oligodendroglia expressing cluster markers by pairs in our snRNAseq dataset e colour-coded by single markers or overlap and f in the validation datasets by immunofluorescence (oligodendrocytes (OL), OLIG2 +) or BaseScope Duplex (OPCs – PDGFRA +), showing good concordance. For example, OL_F (cluster Oligo_F) is SPARC- positive but RBFOX1-negative (second bar in f ) and as positive for HCN2 and SPARC (5th bar in (f)). IF immuno-fluorescence, ISH In situ hybridization. g Violin plot showing that most HCN2 expression is in the Oligo_F cluster
    Figure Legend Snippet: Oligodendroglia cluster segregation and validation. a Feature plots of subsetted oligodendroglia that qualitatively show the expression of lineage marker and cluster marker genes (scale bars show LogNormalized counts). PLP1 marks oligodendrocytes (Oligo) and PDGFRA oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). b Dot plot of a selection of marker genes for committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (COP_A-C), oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC_A & B) and oligodendrocytes (Oligo_A-F) showing cluster segregation. The dendrogram visualizes the relationship of clusters based on 2000 most variable genes. c Validation of oligodendrocyte cluster markers by immuno-fluorescence stainings at the protein level. OLIG2-positive oligodendrocytes show either one cluster marker (fat arrow) or a second cluster marker (arrowhead), only with the occasional double-positive cell (thin arrow). SPARC-positive Oligo_F cells also express HCN2. d BaseScope duplex stainings for OPC cluster validation. Dotted line delineates the cell boundary with arrow pointing at cluster marker signal. PDGFRA marks all OPCs with PAX3 labelling OPC_A and NELL1, OPC_B. e, f Proportion of oligodendroglia expressing cluster markers by pairs in our snRNAseq dataset e colour-coded by single markers or overlap and f in the validation datasets by immunofluorescence (oligodendrocytes (OL), OLIG2 +) or BaseScope Duplex (OPCs – PDGFRA +), showing good concordance. For example, OL_F (cluster Oligo_F) is SPARC- positive but RBFOX1-negative (second bar in f ) and as positive for HCN2 and SPARC (5th bar in (f)). IF immuno-fluorescence, ISH In situ hybridization. g Violin plot showing that most HCN2 expression is in the Oligo_F cluster

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Marker, Selection, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, In Situ Hybridization

    Regional variation in the oligodendroglial population. Differential abundance analysis using Milo shows regional differences between a CSC and BA4, b CB and BA4 and c CB and CSC. Significant increases are coloured in red/blue according to region (FDR < 0.1). Each dot represents a neighbourhood consisting of an average of 50–100 cells. OPC_A is more abundant in CB and CSC, and OPC_B in BA4. Oligo_C and Oligo_F are enriched in the spinal cord compared to the other regions. Oligo_F is a smaller cluster but strikingly different from the other oligodendrocytes in its transcriptome including genes associated with astrocytes (such as SPARC) and Schwann cells (MPZ) while clearly not being an astrocyte or Schwann cell based on the absence of relevant lineage markers. d, e Quantification by immunofluorescence (shown in Fig. c) showing the increased abundance of Oligo_F in the human spinal cord using the markers d SPARC + OLIG2 + RBFOX1- and e HCN2 + SPARC + OLIG2 + . f, g Quantification by BaseScope duplex of regional selectivity of OPC_A and B (example in Fig. d) showing that f PAX3 -positive OPC_A are more abundant in CB and CSC and g NELL1 -positive OPC_B are BA4 specific. Plots visualize percentage of total OLIG2 d , e or PDGFRA f , g -positive cells. Boxes in plots visualize median and 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers mark range up to 1.5 * inter-quartile ranges to show potential outliers. See Table for number of samples, statistical tests used and results and Addtional file : Table S2 for sample information. h Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between BA4 OPC_B and CSC OPC_A. i Gene ontology analysis based on differentially expressed genes of CSC OPC_A in comparison to BA4 OPC_B as shown in h) (complete version in Additional file : Fig. S7). Differentially expressed genes in oligodendrocytes (oligos) with tissue region j–l with red arrows indicating genes that are discussed in the main text. m Gene ontology terms of genes enriched in spinal cord oligodendrocytes in comparison to brain oligodendrocytes. (Complete version in Additional file : Fig. S8)
    Figure Legend Snippet: Regional variation in the oligodendroglial population. Differential abundance analysis using Milo shows regional differences between a CSC and BA4, b CB and BA4 and c CB and CSC. Significant increases are coloured in red/blue according to region (FDR < 0.1). Each dot represents a neighbourhood consisting of an average of 50–100 cells. OPC_A is more abundant in CB and CSC, and OPC_B in BA4. Oligo_C and Oligo_F are enriched in the spinal cord compared to the other regions. Oligo_F is a smaller cluster but strikingly different from the other oligodendrocytes in its transcriptome including genes associated with astrocytes (such as SPARC) and Schwann cells (MPZ) while clearly not being an astrocyte or Schwann cell based on the absence of relevant lineage markers. d, e Quantification by immunofluorescence (shown in Fig. c) showing the increased abundance of Oligo_F in the human spinal cord using the markers d SPARC + OLIG2 + RBFOX1- and e HCN2 + SPARC + OLIG2 + . f, g Quantification by BaseScope duplex of regional selectivity of OPC_A and B (example in Fig. d) showing that f PAX3 -positive OPC_A are more abundant in CB and CSC and g NELL1 -positive OPC_B are BA4 specific. Plots visualize percentage of total OLIG2 d , e or PDGFRA f , g -positive cells. Boxes in plots visualize median and 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers mark range up to 1.5 * inter-quartile ranges to show potential outliers. See Table for number of samples, statistical tests used and results and Addtional file : Table S2 for sample information. h Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between BA4 OPC_B and CSC OPC_A. i Gene ontology analysis based on differentially expressed genes of CSC OPC_A in comparison to BA4 OPC_B as shown in h) (complete version in Additional file : Fig. S7). Differentially expressed genes in oligodendrocytes (oligos) with tissue region j–l with red arrows indicating genes that are discussed in the main text. m Gene ontology terms of genes enriched in spinal cord oligodendrocytes in comparison to brain oligodendrocytes. (Complete version in Additional file : Fig. S8)

    Techniques Used: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

    anti hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs anti hcn2
    Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs hcn2
    Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2

    Rabbit Polyclonal Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2/product/Alomone Labs
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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    94/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18"

    Article Title: MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18

    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100871


    Figure Legend Snippet:

    Techniques Used: Recombinant, Staining, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Western Blot, Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Software

    apc 030 rrid ab 2313726  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs apc 030 rrid ab 2313726
    Apc 030 Rrid Ab 2313726, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs hcn2
    (A) Conventional RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of HCN1-4 in vestibular epithelia of wild-type mice. Arrows indicate the expected size of the PCR product: HCN1: 491 bp; <t>HCN2:</t> 337 bp; HCN3: 339 bp and HCN4: 419 bp. Lane 1 in each gel contained markers. Each subsequent lane contained the PCR product obtained using template cDNA harvested from the following sources. Lane 2: wild-type mouse brain; Lane 3: HCN1-deficient mouse brain; Lane 4: wild-type utricle; Lane 5: HCN1-deficient mouse utricle. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR was used to estimate total number of copies of messenger RNA for each of the four HCN subunits using wild-type mouse cochlea as template. Total copies in thousands of HCN mRNA transcripts per cochlea. Results were from a pool of 4 cochlea obtained from mice at P4.
    Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "HCN Channels Are Not Required for Mechanotransduction in Sensory Hair Cells of the Mouse Inner Ear"

    Article Title: HCN Channels Are Not Required for Mechanotransduction in Sensory Hair Cells of the Mouse Inner Ear

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008627

    (A) Conventional RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of HCN1-4 in vestibular epithelia of wild-type mice. Arrows indicate the expected size of the PCR product: HCN1: 491 bp; HCN2: 337 bp; HCN3: 339 bp and HCN4: 419 bp. Lane 1 in each gel contained markers. Each subsequent lane contained the PCR product obtained using template cDNA harvested from the following sources. Lane 2: wild-type mouse brain; Lane 3: HCN1-deficient mouse brain; Lane 4: wild-type utricle; Lane 5: HCN1-deficient mouse utricle. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR was used to estimate total number of copies of messenger RNA for each of the four HCN subunits using wild-type mouse cochlea as template. Total copies in thousands of HCN mRNA transcripts per cochlea. Results were from a pool of 4 cochlea obtained from mice at P4.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Conventional RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of HCN1-4 in vestibular epithelia of wild-type mice. Arrows indicate the expected size of the PCR product: HCN1: 491 bp; HCN2: 337 bp; HCN3: 339 bp and HCN4: 419 bp. Lane 1 in each gel contained markers. Each subsequent lane contained the PCR product obtained using template cDNA harvested from the following sources. Lane 2: wild-type mouse brain; Lane 3: HCN1-deficient mouse brain; Lane 4: wild-type utricle; Lane 5: HCN1-deficient mouse utricle. (B) Quantitative RT-PCR was used to estimate total number of copies of messenger RNA for each of the four HCN subunits using wild-type mouse cochlea as template. Total copies in thousands of HCN mRNA transcripts per cochlea. Results were from a pool of 4 cochlea obtained from mice at P4.

    Techniques Used: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

    Representative mechanotransduction currents evoked by hair bundle deflections. The left column of data were recorded from mouse utricle type II hair cells at P3 - P6. The data in the right column were recorded from mouse cochlear outer hair cells at P6 - P7. The scale bars at the top apply to all data in the column. The deflection protocol is shown at the bottom of trace panels I and J. Data were recorded under the following conditions: (A & B) wild-type control; (C & D) in the presence of 500 µM ZD7288; (E & F) HCN1 −/− ; (G & H) HCN2 −/− ; (I& J) HCN1 −/− and HCN2 −/− . Panels K-P show fluorescent images of hair cells following application of the transduction channel permeable dye, FM1-43, in utricle (P5 –P7) and organ of Corti (P6 – P9) sensory epithelia under the following conditions: (K & L) HCN1 −/− ; (M & N) HCN2 −/− ; (O& P) HCN1 −/− and HCN2 −/− . Uptake of FM1-43 appeared normal in all tissues examined. The scale bar in panel (O) equals 10 µm and also applies to panels K and M. The scale bar in panel (P) equals 5 µm and also applies to panels L and N. (Q) Summary of transduction currents recorded from vestibular and auditory hair cells. Maximum current amplitudes under each condition were averaged and were normalized relative to wild-type controls. Error bars show standard deviation; the number of samples is indicated above each bar.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Representative mechanotransduction currents evoked by hair bundle deflections. The left column of data were recorded from mouse utricle type II hair cells at P3 - P6. The data in the right column were recorded from mouse cochlear outer hair cells at P6 - P7. The scale bars at the top apply to all data in the column. The deflection protocol is shown at the bottom of trace panels I and J. Data were recorded under the following conditions: (A & B) wild-type control; (C & D) in the presence of 500 µM ZD7288; (E & F) HCN1 −/− ; (G & H) HCN2 −/− ; (I& J) HCN1 −/− and HCN2 −/− . Panels K-P show fluorescent images of hair cells following application of the transduction channel permeable dye, FM1-43, in utricle (P5 –P7) and organ of Corti (P6 – P9) sensory epithelia under the following conditions: (K & L) HCN1 −/− ; (M & N) HCN2 −/− ; (O& P) HCN1 −/− and HCN2 −/− . Uptake of FM1-43 appeared normal in all tissues examined. The scale bar in panel (O) equals 10 µm and also applies to panels K and M. The scale bar in panel (P) equals 5 µm and also applies to panels L and N. (Q) Summary of transduction currents recorded from vestibular and auditory hair cells. Maximum current amplitudes under each condition were averaged and were normalized relative to wild-type controls. Error bars show standard deviation; the number of samples is indicated above each bar.

    Techniques Used: Transduction, Standard Deviation

    (A & B) Representative mechanotransduction currents recorded from mouse utricle type II hair cells at P3 - P6. Bundle deflections were evoked using the protocol shown at the bottom of . Panel A shows data from a non-transfected control cell and panel B shows data from a GFP+ cell transfected with the HCN2-AYA construct. The scale bars in B apply to panels A and B. (C & D) Representative currents recorded in response to families of voltage steps that ranged between −124 mV and −64 mV in 10 mV increments. Capacitive transients and leak currents were subtracted for clarity. The scale bars in panel D apply to both panels C and D. Panel C shows I h recorded from a non-transfected utricle type II hair cell from the same epithelium as that shown in panel A. Panel D shows a family of currents recorded from the same GFP+ shown in panel B. A family of voltage steps was used that was identical to those used to evoke the data shown in panel C. In this case, expression of the HCN2-AYA construct inhibited I h . (E) A fluorescence image that revealed GFP expression was superimposed on a DIC image of the same field of cells. The recording pipette is visible to the right of the cell. Scale bar equals 5 µm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: (A & B) Representative mechanotransduction currents recorded from mouse utricle type II hair cells at P3 - P6. Bundle deflections were evoked using the protocol shown at the bottom of . Panel A shows data from a non-transfected control cell and panel B shows data from a GFP+ cell transfected with the HCN2-AYA construct. The scale bars in B apply to panels A and B. (C & D) Representative currents recorded in response to families of voltage steps that ranged between −124 mV and −64 mV in 10 mV increments. Capacitive transients and leak currents were subtracted for clarity. The scale bars in panel D apply to both panels C and D. Panel C shows I h recorded from a non-transfected utricle type II hair cell from the same epithelium as that shown in panel A. Panel D shows a family of currents recorded from the same GFP+ shown in panel B. A family of voltage steps was used that was identical to those used to evoke the data shown in panel C. In this case, expression of the HCN2-AYA construct inhibited I h . (E) A fluorescence image that revealed GFP expression was superimposed on a DIC image of the same field of cells. The recording pipette is visible to the right of the cell. Scale bar equals 5 µm.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Construct, Expressing, Fluorescence, Transferring

    rabbit polyclonal  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs rabbit polyclonal
    Rabbit Polyclonal, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    n terminus  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs n terminus
    N Terminus, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    anti hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Alomone Labs anti hcn2
    ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of <t>HCN2</t> and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.
    Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    1) Product Images from "The cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is an Inhibitory Modulator of the Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN2 Channel"

    Article Title: The cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is an Inhibitory Modulator of the Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN2 Channel

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017078

    ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of HCN2 and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of HCN2 and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Staining, Western Blot, Binding Assay

    ( A–D ) Colocalization in primary neurons. Hippocampal neurons of neonatal mice (E16.5) were cotransduced with lentivirus expressing HCN2 and cGKII-myc, respectively. Neurons were stained with antibodies against myc ( A ) and HCN2 ( B ). Counterstaining was performed with Hoechst dye. ( C ) Merge of ( A ) and ( B ). ( D ) Negative control (nc). Merge of stainings in the absence of primary antibodies. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm. ( E–H ) Immunohistochemical staining of coronal brain slices. Consecutive slices from wild-type mice were stained with anti-cGKII ( E ) or anti-HCN2 ( F ). The signal was amplified by tyramide signal amplification. Counter stain was performed with Hoechst 33342 nuclear dye. As negative control, coronal slices of cGKII-KO ( G ) and HCN2-KO mice ( H ) were used. Scale bar corresponds to 500 µm. ( I, J ) Higher magnification of cGKII ( I ) and HCN2 ( J ) staining in the hypothalamic region corresponding to the dotted white box as indicated in ( E ). Scale bar corresponds to 50 µm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A–D ) Colocalization in primary neurons. Hippocampal neurons of neonatal mice (E16.5) were cotransduced with lentivirus expressing HCN2 and cGKII-myc, respectively. Neurons were stained with antibodies against myc ( A ) and HCN2 ( B ). Counterstaining was performed with Hoechst dye. ( C ) Merge of ( A ) and ( B ). ( D ) Negative control (nc). Merge of stainings in the absence of primary antibodies. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm. ( E–H ) Immunohistochemical staining of coronal brain slices. Consecutive slices from wild-type mice were stained with anti-cGKII ( E ) or anti-HCN2 ( F ). The signal was amplified by tyramide signal amplification. Counter stain was performed with Hoechst 33342 nuclear dye. As negative control, coronal slices of cGKII-KO ( G ) and HCN2-KO mice ( H ) were used. Scale bar corresponds to 500 µm. ( I, J ) Higher magnification of cGKII ( I ) and HCN2 ( J ) staining in the hypothalamic region corresponding to the dotted white box as indicated in ( E ). Scale bar corresponds to 50 µm.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Staining, Negative Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Amplification

    ( A ) In vitro phosphorylation of HCN2 by cGKII. Lysates of COS-7 cells expressing HCN2 and cGKII were incubated with [γ-32P]-ATP for the times indicated. After incubation, proteins were separated on SDS page and analyzed by autoradiography. The first lane represents a control reaction with a cell lysate lacking cGKII. ( B ) HCN channel constructs used for phosphorylation studies. The positions of the three putative cGKII phosphorylation sites (S641, S786 and S840) are indicated. The calculated molecular mass is given for each construct. ( C ) Phosphorylation assay of a HCN2 mutant lacking S786 and S840 (first lane) and the HCN2-S641A mutant. ( D ) Pulldown of phosphoproteins by TiO 2 beads. Lysates of cells expressing HCN2-CT or HCN2-CT-S641A in the presence or absence of cGKII, respectively, were incubated with TiO 2 beads. Proteins specifically bound to the beads were analyzed with an anti-myc antibody.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) In vitro phosphorylation of HCN2 by cGKII. Lysates of COS-7 cells expressing HCN2 and cGKII were incubated with [γ-32P]-ATP for the times indicated. After incubation, proteins were separated on SDS page and analyzed by autoradiography. The first lane represents a control reaction with a cell lysate lacking cGKII. ( B ) HCN channel constructs used for phosphorylation studies. The positions of the three putative cGKII phosphorylation sites (S641, S786 and S840) are indicated. The calculated molecular mass is given for each construct. ( C ) Phosphorylation assay of a HCN2 mutant lacking S786 and S840 (first lane) and the HCN2-S641A mutant. ( D ) Pulldown of phosphoproteins by TiO 2 beads. Lysates of cells expressing HCN2-CT or HCN2-CT-S641A in the presence or absence of cGKII, respectively, were incubated with TiO 2 beads. Proteins specifically bound to the beads were analyzed with an anti-myc antibody.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Expressing, Incubation, SDS Page, Autoradiography, Construct, Phosphorylation Assay, Mutagenesis

    ( A ) Voltage step protocol and family of current traces of a HEK293 cell transiently transfected with HCN2. ( B–D ) Normalized current-voltage (IV) dependence of HCN2 activation in the presence and absence of cGKII. The voltage-dependence was determined in the presence of 10 µM intracellular cGMP ( B ), 100 µM intracellular cGMP ( C ) and 1 µM intracellular cGMP ( D ). ( E ) IV curves of HCN2 in the presence or absence of cGKII at 2 µM intracellular cAMP. ( F ) IV curves determined at 10 µM intracellular cGMP from cells coexpressing cGKII and HCN2 or HCN2-S641A. ( G ) IV curves of HCN2 compared to the IV curve of an HCN2 mutant with functionally impaired cyclic nucleotide binding domain (HCN2-RT>EA) that was coexpressed with cGKII. Currents were measured in the presence of 10 µM cGMP. ( H ) Comparison of midpoint potentials (V 0.5 ) of wild type (WT) and HCN2 mutants (HCN2-S641A, HCN2-RT>EA). Channels were expressed alone or together with either wild type or catalytically inactive GKII (cGKII-D576A). V 0.5 was determined from the normalized IV curves in the presence (+) or absence (−) of 10 µM cGMP as indicated. In one set of experiments the cGKII was inhibited by the pharmacological blocker KT5823. *** = p<0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Voltage step protocol and family of current traces of a HEK293 cell transiently transfected with HCN2. ( B–D ) Normalized current-voltage (IV) dependence of HCN2 activation in the presence and absence of cGKII. The voltage-dependence was determined in the presence of 10 µM intracellular cGMP ( B ), 100 µM intracellular cGMP ( C ) and 1 µM intracellular cGMP ( D ). ( E ) IV curves of HCN2 in the presence or absence of cGKII at 2 µM intracellular cAMP. ( F ) IV curves determined at 10 µM intracellular cGMP from cells coexpressing cGKII and HCN2 or HCN2-S641A. ( G ) IV curves of HCN2 compared to the IV curve of an HCN2 mutant with functionally impaired cyclic nucleotide binding domain (HCN2-RT>EA) that was coexpressed with cGKII. Currents were measured in the presence of 10 µM cGMP. ( H ) Comparison of midpoint potentials (V 0.5 ) of wild type (WT) and HCN2 mutants (HCN2-S641A, HCN2-RT>EA). Channels were expressed alone or together with either wild type or catalytically inactive GKII (cGKII-D576A). V 0.5 was determined from the normalized IV curves in the presence (+) or absence (−) of 10 µM cGMP as indicated. In one set of experiments the cGKII was inhibited by the pharmacological blocker KT5823. *** = p<0.001.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Activation Assay, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay

    cGMP shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to more positive voltage (+ΔV) via direct interaction with the CNBD of HCN2 and induces a hyperpolarizing shift (−ΔV) by activating cGKII that is bound to the channel.
    Figure Legend Snippet: cGMP shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to more positive voltage (+ΔV) via direct interaction with the CNBD of HCN2 and induces a hyperpolarizing shift (−ΔV) by activating cGKII that is bound to the channel.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay

    anti hcn2  (Alomone Labs)


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    Structured Review

    Alomone Labs anti hcn2
    ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of <t>HCN2</t> and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.
    Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/anti hcn2/product/Alomone Labs
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "The cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is an Inhibitory Modulator of the Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN2 Channel"

    Article Title: The cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase II Is an Inhibitory Modulator of the Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN2 Channel

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017078

    ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of HCN2 and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Coimmunoprecipitation of HCN2 and cGKII in HEK293 cells. Lysates of HEK293 cells transfected with HCN2 and cGKII or cGKII alone were immunoprecipitated (IP) using a cGKII antibody and stained for HCN2 and cGKII as loading control. 500 µg protein was applied per lane. ( B ) Protein extracts of hypothalamic brain tissue from WT and HCN2-KO mice were immunoprecipitated using a cGKII antibody and analyzed in immunoblots (IB) for HCN2. Anti-cGKII served as loading control. ( C ) Schematic representation of full length HCN2 (862 amino acids) and myc-tagged HCN2-domains used for interaction studies. The calculated molecular size of the proteins is indicated. NT, N-terminus; TMR, transmembrane region; CT, complete HCN2 C-terminus; L, C-linker; CNBD, cyclic nucleotide-binding domain; dC, distal C-terminus. ( D ) GFP-Trap. Lysates of HEK293 cells coexpressing cGKII-GFP and myc-tagged portions of the HCN2 C-terminus were bound to GFP-tagged beads. Co-immunoprecipitated proteins were detected by immunoblotting with an anti-myc antibody. Anti-cGKII was used as loading control.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Immunoprecipitation, Staining, Western Blot, Binding Assay

    ( A–D ) Colocalization in primary neurons. Hippocampal neurons of neonatal mice (E16.5) were cotransduced with lentivirus expressing HCN2 and cGKII-myc, respectively. Neurons were stained with antibodies against myc ( A ) and HCN2 ( B ). Counterstaining was performed with Hoechst dye. ( C ) Merge of ( A ) and ( B ). ( D ) Negative control (nc). Merge of stainings in the absence of primary antibodies. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm. ( E–H ) Immunohistochemical staining of coronal brain slices. Consecutive slices from wild-type mice were stained with anti-cGKII ( E ) or anti-HCN2 ( F ). The signal was amplified by tyramide signal amplification. Counter stain was performed with Hoechst 33342 nuclear dye. As negative control, coronal slices of cGKII-KO ( G ) and HCN2-KO mice ( H ) were used. Scale bar corresponds to 500 µm. ( I, J ) Higher magnification of cGKII ( I ) and HCN2 ( J ) staining in the hypothalamic region corresponding to the dotted white box as indicated in ( E ). Scale bar corresponds to 50 µm.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A–D ) Colocalization in primary neurons. Hippocampal neurons of neonatal mice (E16.5) were cotransduced with lentivirus expressing HCN2 and cGKII-myc, respectively. Neurons were stained with antibodies against myc ( A ) and HCN2 ( B ). Counterstaining was performed with Hoechst dye. ( C ) Merge of ( A ) and ( B ). ( D ) Negative control (nc). Merge of stainings in the absence of primary antibodies. Scale bar corresponds to 100 µm. ( E–H ) Immunohistochemical staining of coronal brain slices. Consecutive slices from wild-type mice were stained with anti-cGKII ( E ) or anti-HCN2 ( F ). The signal was amplified by tyramide signal amplification. Counter stain was performed with Hoechst 33342 nuclear dye. As negative control, coronal slices of cGKII-KO ( G ) and HCN2-KO mice ( H ) were used. Scale bar corresponds to 500 µm. ( I, J ) Higher magnification of cGKII ( I ) and HCN2 ( J ) staining in the hypothalamic region corresponding to the dotted white box as indicated in ( E ). Scale bar corresponds to 50 µm.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Staining, Negative Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Amplification

    ( A ) In vitro phosphorylation of HCN2 by cGKII. Lysates of COS-7 cells expressing HCN2 and cGKII were incubated with [γ-32P]-ATP for the times indicated. After incubation, proteins were separated on SDS page and analyzed by autoradiography. The first lane represents a control reaction with a cell lysate lacking cGKII. ( B ) HCN channel constructs used for phosphorylation studies. The positions of the three putative cGKII phosphorylation sites (S641, S786 and S840) are indicated. The calculated molecular mass is given for each construct. ( C ) Phosphorylation assay of a HCN2 mutant lacking S786 and S840 (first lane) and the HCN2-S641A mutant. ( D ) Pulldown of phosphoproteins by TiO 2 beads. Lysates of cells expressing HCN2-CT or HCN2-CT-S641A in the presence or absence of cGKII, respectively, were incubated with TiO 2 beads. Proteins specifically bound to the beads were analyzed with an anti-myc antibody.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) In vitro phosphorylation of HCN2 by cGKII. Lysates of COS-7 cells expressing HCN2 and cGKII were incubated with [γ-32P]-ATP for the times indicated. After incubation, proteins were separated on SDS page and analyzed by autoradiography. The first lane represents a control reaction with a cell lysate lacking cGKII. ( B ) HCN channel constructs used for phosphorylation studies. The positions of the three putative cGKII phosphorylation sites (S641, S786 and S840) are indicated. The calculated molecular mass is given for each construct. ( C ) Phosphorylation assay of a HCN2 mutant lacking S786 and S840 (first lane) and the HCN2-S641A mutant. ( D ) Pulldown of phosphoproteins by TiO 2 beads. Lysates of cells expressing HCN2-CT or HCN2-CT-S641A in the presence or absence of cGKII, respectively, were incubated with TiO 2 beads. Proteins specifically bound to the beads were analyzed with an anti-myc antibody.

    Techniques Used: In Vitro, Expressing, Incubation, SDS Page, Autoradiography, Construct, Phosphorylation Assay, Mutagenesis

    ( A ) Voltage step protocol and family of current traces of a HEK293 cell transiently transfected with HCN2. ( B–D ) Normalized current-voltage (IV) dependence of HCN2 activation in the presence and absence of cGKII. The voltage-dependence was determined in the presence of 10 µM intracellular cGMP ( B ), 100 µM intracellular cGMP ( C ) and 1 µM intracellular cGMP ( D ). ( E ) IV curves of HCN2 in the presence or absence of cGKII at 2 µM intracellular cAMP. ( F ) IV curves determined at 10 µM intracellular cGMP from cells coexpressing cGKII and HCN2 or HCN2-S641A. ( G ) IV curves of HCN2 compared to the IV curve of an HCN2 mutant with functionally impaired cyclic nucleotide binding domain (HCN2-RT>EA) that was coexpressed with cGKII. Currents were measured in the presence of 10 µM cGMP. ( H ) Comparison of midpoint potentials (V 0.5 ) of wild type (WT) and HCN2 mutants (HCN2-S641A, HCN2-RT>EA). Channels were expressed alone or together with either wild type or catalytically inactive GKII (cGKII-D576A). V 0.5 was determined from the normalized IV curves in the presence (+) or absence (−) of 10 µM cGMP as indicated. In one set of experiments the cGKII was inhibited by the pharmacological blocker KT5823. *** = p<0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Voltage step protocol and family of current traces of a HEK293 cell transiently transfected with HCN2. ( B–D ) Normalized current-voltage (IV) dependence of HCN2 activation in the presence and absence of cGKII. The voltage-dependence was determined in the presence of 10 µM intracellular cGMP ( B ), 100 µM intracellular cGMP ( C ) and 1 µM intracellular cGMP ( D ). ( E ) IV curves of HCN2 in the presence or absence of cGKII at 2 µM intracellular cAMP. ( F ) IV curves determined at 10 µM intracellular cGMP from cells coexpressing cGKII and HCN2 or HCN2-S641A. ( G ) IV curves of HCN2 compared to the IV curve of an HCN2 mutant with functionally impaired cyclic nucleotide binding domain (HCN2-RT>EA) that was coexpressed with cGKII. Currents were measured in the presence of 10 µM cGMP. ( H ) Comparison of midpoint potentials (V 0.5 ) of wild type (WT) and HCN2 mutants (HCN2-S641A, HCN2-RT>EA). Channels were expressed alone or together with either wild type or catalytically inactive GKII (cGKII-D576A). V 0.5 was determined from the normalized IV curves in the presence (+) or absence (−) of 10 µM cGMP as indicated. In one set of experiments the cGKII was inhibited by the pharmacological blocker KT5823. *** = p<0.001.

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Activation Assay, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay

    cGMP shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to more positive voltage (+ΔV) via direct interaction with the CNBD of HCN2 and induces a hyperpolarizing shift (−ΔV) by activating cGKII that is bound to the channel.
    Figure Legend Snippet: cGMP shifts the voltage-dependence of HCN2 activation to more positive voltage (+ΔV) via direct interaction with the CNBD of HCN2 and induces a hyperpolarizing shift (−ΔV) by activating cGKII that is bound to the channel.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay

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    Alomone Labs rabbit polyclonal anti hcn2

    Rabbit Polyclonal Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Anti Hcn2, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Apc 030 Rrid Ab 2313726, supplied by Alomone Labs, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Image Search Results


    Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

    Article Title: MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18

    doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100871

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Rabbit Polyclonal anti-HCN2 , Alomone Labs , Cat# APC-030 RRID: AB_2313726.

    Techniques: Recombinant, Staining, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Western Blot, Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Software

    Statistical analysis methods and results for validation data

    Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

    Article Title: Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function

    doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01568-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical analysis methods and results for validation data

    Article Snippet: We used following antibodies at indicated dilutions SPARC (Abcam, ab225716, RRID:AB_2924283, 1:100), OLIG2 (R&D Systems, AF2418, RRID:AB_2157554, 1:100), RBFOX1 (Abcam, ab243727, RRID:AB_2924285, 1:100), FMN1 (Abcam, ab244482, RRID:AB_2924284, 1:100), OPALIN (Abcam, ab121425, RRID:AB_11127935, 1:100), HCN2 (Alomone Labs, APC-030, RRID:AB_2313726, 1:1000), GPNMB (Abcam, ab227695, RRID:AB_2924286, 1:100), IBA1(ab178846, RRID:AB_2636859, 1:50).

    Techniques:

    Oligodendroglia cluster segregation and validation. a Feature plots of subsetted oligodendroglia that qualitatively show the expression of lineage marker and cluster marker genes (scale bars show LogNormalized counts). PLP1 marks oligodendrocytes (Oligo) and PDGFRA oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). b Dot plot of a selection of marker genes for committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (COP_A-C), oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC_A & B) and oligodendrocytes (Oligo_A-F) showing cluster segregation. The dendrogram visualizes the relationship of clusters based on 2000 most variable genes. c Validation of oligodendrocyte cluster markers by immuno-fluorescence stainings at the protein level. OLIG2-positive oligodendrocytes show either one cluster marker (fat arrow) or a second cluster marker (arrowhead), only with the occasional double-positive cell (thin arrow). SPARC-positive Oligo_F cells also express HCN2. d BaseScope duplex stainings for OPC cluster validation. Dotted line delineates the cell boundary with arrow pointing at cluster marker signal. PDGFRA marks all OPCs with PAX3 labelling OPC_A and NELL1, OPC_B. e, f Proportion of oligodendroglia expressing cluster markers by pairs in our snRNAseq dataset e colour-coded by single markers or overlap and f in the validation datasets by immunofluorescence (oligodendrocytes (OL), OLIG2 +) or BaseScope Duplex (OPCs – PDGFRA +), showing good concordance. For example, OL_F (cluster Oligo_F) is SPARC- positive but RBFOX1-negative (second bar in f ) and as positive for HCN2 and SPARC (5th bar in (f)). IF immuno-fluorescence, ISH In situ hybridization. g Violin plot showing that most HCN2 expression is in the Oligo_F cluster

    Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

    Article Title: Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function

    doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01568-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Oligodendroglia cluster segregation and validation. a Feature plots of subsetted oligodendroglia that qualitatively show the expression of lineage marker and cluster marker genes (scale bars show LogNormalized counts). PLP1 marks oligodendrocytes (Oligo) and PDGFRA oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). b Dot plot of a selection of marker genes for committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (COP_A-C), oligodendrocyte precursors (OPC_A & B) and oligodendrocytes (Oligo_A-F) showing cluster segregation. The dendrogram visualizes the relationship of clusters based on 2000 most variable genes. c Validation of oligodendrocyte cluster markers by immuno-fluorescence stainings at the protein level. OLIG2-positive oligodendrocytes show either one cluster marker (fat arrow) or a second cluster marker (arrowhead), only with the occasional double-positive cell (thin arrow). SPARC-positive Oligo_F cells also express HCN2. d BaseScope duplex stainings for OPC cluster validation. Dotted line delineates the cell boundary with arrow pointing at cluster marker signal. PDGFRA marks all OPCs with PAX3 labelling OPC_A and NELL1, OPC_B. e, f Proportion of oligodendroglia expressing cluster markers by pairs in our snRNAseq dataset e colour-coded by single markers or overlap and f in the validation datasets by immunofluorescence (oligodendrocytes (OL), OLIG2 +) or BaseScope Duplex (OPCs – PDGFRA +), showing good concordance. For example, OL_F (cluster Oligo_F) is SPARC- positive but RBFOX1-negative (second bar in f ) and as positive for HCN2 and SPARC (5th bar in (f)). IF immuno-fluorescence, ISH In situ hybridization. g Violin plot showing that most HCN2 expression is in the Oligo_F cluster

    Article Snippet: We used following antibodies at indicated dilutions SPARC (Abcam, ab225716, RRID:AB_2924283, 1:100), OLIG2 (R&D Systems, AF2418, RRID:AB_2157554, 1:100), RBFOX1 (Abcam, ab243727, RRID:AB_2924285, 1:100), FMN1 (Abcam, ab244482, RRID:AB_2924284, 1:100), OPALIN (Abcam, ab121425, RRID:AB_11127935, 1:100), HCN2 (Alomone Labs, APC-030, RRID:AB_2313726, 1:1000), GPNMB (Abcam, ab227695, RRID:AB_2924286, 1:100), IBA1(ab178846, RRID:AB_2636859, 1:50).

    Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Selection, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, In Situ Hybridization

    Regional variation in the oligodendroglial population. Differential abundance analysis using Milo shows regional differences between a CSC and BA4, b CB and BA4 and c CB and CSC. Significant increases are coloured in red/blue according to region (FDR < 0.1). Each dot represents a neighbourhood consisting of an average of 50–100 cells. OPC_A is more abundant in CB and CSC, and OPC_B in BA4. Oligo_C and Oligo_F are enriched in the spinal cord compared to the other regions. Oligo_F is a smaller cluster but strikingly different from the other oligodendrocytes in its transcriptome including genes associated with astrocytes (such as SPARC) and Schwann cells (MPZ) while clearly not being an astrocyte or Schwann cell based on the absence of relevant lineage markers. d, e Quantification by immunofluorescence (shown in Fig. c) showing the increased abundance of Oligo_F in the human spinal cord using the markers d SPARC + OLIG2 + RBFOX1- and e HCN2 + SPARC + OLIG2 + . f, g Quantification by BaseScope duplex of regional selectivity of OPC_A and B (example in Fig. d) showing that f PAX3 -positive OPC_A are more abundant in CB and CSC and g NELL1 -positive OPC_B are BA4 specific. Plots visualize percentage of total OLIG2 d , e or PDGFRA f , g -positive cells. Boxes in plots visualize median and 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers mark range up to 1.5 * inter-quartile ranges to show potential outliers. See Table for number of samples, statistical tests used and results and Addtional file : Table S2 for sample information. h Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between BA4 OPC_B and CSC OPC_A. i Gene ontology analysis based on differentially expressed genes of CSC OPC_A in comparison to BA4 OPC_B as shown in h) (complete version in Additional file : Fig. S7). Differentially expressed genes in oligodendrocytes (oligos) with tissue region j–l with red arrows indicating genes that are discussed in the main text. m Gene ontology terms of genes enriched in spinal cord oligodendrocytes in comparison to brain oligodendrocytes. (Complete version in Additional file : Fig. S8)

    Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

    Article Title: Brain matters: unveiling the distinct contributions of region, age, and sex to glia diversity and CNS function

    doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01568-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Regional variation in the oligodendroglial population. Differential abundance analysis using Milo shows regional differences between a CSC and BA4, b CB and BA4 and c CB and CSC. Significant increases are coloured in red/blue according to region (FDR < 0.1). Each dot represents a neighbourhood consisting of an average of 50–100 cells. OPC_A is more abundant in CB and CSC, and OPC_B in BA4. Oligo_C and Oligo_F are enriched in the spinal cord compared to the other regions. Oligo_F is a smaller cluster but strikingly different from the other oligodendrocytes in its transcriptome including genes associated with astrocytes (such as SPARC) and Schwann cells (MPZ) while clearly not being an astrocyte or Schwann cell based on the absence of relevant lineage markers. d, e Quantification by immunofluorescence (shown in Fig. c) showing the increased abundance of Oligo_F in the human spinal cord using the markers d SPARC + OLIG2 + RBFOX1- and e HCN2 + SPARC + OLIG2 + . f, g Quantification by BaseScope duplex of regional selectivity of OPC_A and B (example in Fig. d) showing that f PAX3 -positive OPC_A are more abundant in CB and CSC and g NELL1 -positive OPC_B are BA4 specific. Plots visualize percentage of total OLIG2 d , e or PDGFRA f , g -positive cells. Boxes in plots visualize median and 25th and 75th percentiles and whiskers mark range up to 1.5 * inter-quartile ranges to show potential outliers. See Table for number of samples, statistical tests used and results and Addtional file : Table S2 for sample information. h Volcano plot showing differential gene expression between BA4 OPC_B and CSC OPC_A. i Gene ontology analysis based on differentially expressed genes of CSC OPC_A in comparison to BA4 OPC_B as shown in h) (complete version in Additional file : Fig. S7). Differentially expressed genes in oligodendrocytes (oligos) with tissue region j–l with red arrows indicating genes that are discussed in the main text. m Gene ontology terms of genes enriched in spinal cord oligodendrocytes in comparison to brain oligodendrocytes. (Complete version in Additional file : Fig. S8)

    Article Snippet: We used following antibodies at indicated dilutions SPARC (Abcam, ab225716, RRID:AB_2924283, 1:100), OLIG2 (R&D Systems, AF2418, RRID:AB_2157554, 1:100), RBFOX1 (Abcam, ab243727, RRID:AB_2924285, 1:100), FMN1 (Abcam, ab244482, RRID:AB_2924284, 1:100), OPALIN (Abcam, ab121425, RRID:AB_11127935, 1:100), HCN2 (Alomone Labs, APC-030, RRID:AB_2313726, 1:1000), GPNMB (Abcam, ab227695, RRID:AB_2924286, 1:100), IBA1(ab178846, RRID:AB_2636859, 1:50).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing