activity against e coli atcc 25922 (ATCC)
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Activity Against E Coli Atcc 25922, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 98 stars, based on 1 article reviews
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Images
1) Product Images from "Shorter Antibacterial Peptide Having High Selectivity for E. coli Membranes and Low Potential for Inducing Resistance"
Article Title: Shorter Antibacterial Peptide Having High Selectivity for E. coli Membranes and Low Potential for Inducing Resistance
Journal: Microorganisms
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8060867
Figure Legend Snippet: Developing resistance in E. coli ATCC 25922 by 35409-1-treatment. The figure shows MIC variation for bacteria repeatedly treated with 0.5× MIC for peptide 35409-1 compared to MIC variation for bacteria treated with 0.5× MIC for ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Peptide 35409-1 effect on E. coli membrane. Panels ( a , b ) show E. coli ATCC 25922, ( a ) without treatment and ( b ) treated with peptide 35409-1, by SEM. Panel ( c ) shows the permeabilisation of E. coli ML35 Gram-negative membrane evaluated with ONPG. The cecropin P1 peptide was used as positive permeabilisation control as it is recognised for its powerful membrane action. Untreated bacteria and ciprofloxacin-treated bacteria (an antibiotic having intracellular action) were used as negative controls.
Techniques Used:
2) Product Images from "Study of Benzofuroquinolinium Derivatives as a New Class of Potent Antibacterial Agent and the Mode of Inhibition Targeting FtsZ"
Article Title: Study of Benzofuroquinolinium Derivatives as a New Class of Potent Antibacterial Agent and the Mode of Inhibition Targeting FtsZ
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01937
Figure Legend Snippet: Time Killing Curve of 5 against E. coli ATCC 25922 (A) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (B) . The different concentration of 5 was represented by different colors, 0× MIC (1% DMSO) (black), 1× MIC (red), 2× MIC (blue), 4× MIC (pink) and 8× MIC (green).
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
3) Product Images from "Incorporation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Preformed Biofilms by Escherichia coli Isolated From Drinking Water of Swine Farms"
Article Title: Incorporation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Preformed Biofilms by Escherichia coli Isolated From Drinking Water of Swine Farms
Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00184
Figure Legend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy images of biofilms formed by A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli . Mono-species and two-species biofilms constituted by (A) A. pleuropneumoniae (719), (B) E. coli (ATCC 25922) (Magnification: 3500x) and (C–D) A. pleuropneumoniae and E. coli (719 and ATCC 25922 respectively) (Magnification: 5000x). Fimbria- and curli-like structures in biofilms formed by E. coli and E. coli - A. pleuropneumoniae are indicated. (D) shows the sizes of bacteria (white labels); cells were painted to distinguish the two apparent populations of bacteria. Scale bar 5 μm.
Techniques Used: Electron Microscopy
4) Product Images from "Coupling next-generation sequencing to dominant positive screens for finding antibiotic cellular targets and resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli"
Article Title: Coupling next-generation sequencing to dominant positive screens for finding antibiotic cellular targets and resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli
Journal: Microbial Genomics
doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000148
Figure Legend Snippet: CRISPRi knock-down of the E. coli rob gene. Quantitative RT-PCR showing relative rob expression compared with that in wild-type E. coli ATCC 25922. dCas9, E. coli ATCC 25922 expressing a catalytically dead version of the Cas9 nuclease; rob sgRNA, E. coli ATCC 25922 expressing a catalytically dead version of the Cas9 nuclease and a single guide RNA against the rob gene; rob sgRNA mismatch, E. coli ATCC 25922 expressing a catalytically dead version of the Cas9 nuclease and an inactive version of the single guide RNA against the rob gene. All qRT-PCR data were normalized according to the amplification signals of the housekeeping tuf mRNA. MICs for CRO measured by agar dilution are shown for all strains. Error bars indicate the standard deviation for the triplicate measurements.
Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Amplification, Standard Deviation
5) Product Images from "In Vivo Efficacy of Trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in Mixed Infection with either Escherichia coli or a Vancomycin-Resistant Strain of Enterococcus faecium in an Established-Abscess Murine Model"
Article Title: In Vivo Efficacy of Trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in Mixed Infection with either Escherichia coli or a Vancomycin-Resistant Strain of Enterococcus faecium in an Established-Abscess Murine Model
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.45.5.1394-1401.2001
Figure Legend Snippet: Development of abscesses in BALB/c mice inoculated with B. fragilis ATCC 23745 and either E. coli ATCC 25922 (A) or VREF BM4147 (B). The mean ± the SEM is given for abscess weights (■) and for B. fragilis (▾), E. coli (▴), and VREF (●) bacterial counts.
Techniques Used: Mouse Assay
6) Product Images from "Advances in the structural studies of antibiotic potentiators against Escherichia coli"
Article Title: Advances in the structural studies of antibiotic potentiators against Escherichia coli
Journal: Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.003
Figure Legend Snippet: Membrane permeabilization assays of 7 and 22 in E. coli ATCC 25922. Both test compounds were used at concentrations ranging from 1/32X to ¼X MIC (1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml for 7 and 3.125 to 25 μg/ml for 22 ). The intrinsic MICs of 7 and 22 against E. coli ATCC 25922 are 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The compound vehicle was DMSO. (A,B) Impact of E. coli treatment with 7 (A) or 22 (B) on the intensity of the fluorophore N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) at a concentration of 10 μM. (C,D) Impact of treatment with 7 (C) or 22 (D) on the percentage of E. coli cells stained with the fluorophore propidium iodide (PI) at a concentration of 50 μM.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Staining
7) Product Images from "Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Extract on Killing Activity of Human Neutrophils and Membrane Integrity of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7"
Article Title: Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Extract on Killing Activity of Human Neutrophils and Membrane Integrity of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
Journal: Molecules
doi: 10.3390/molecules21060692
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of R. tomentosa extract on membrane permeability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 RIMD 05091078 ( A ) and E. coli ATCC 25922 ( B ) Crystal violet uptake by E. coli at 30, 45, 60 min, and 8 h after treated with the extract at 62.5, 125, and 250 µg/mL was determined. Dimethyl sulfoxide (0.5% v / v ) was used as the solvent control. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error from two independent experiments. Each measure was performed in triplicate. * Statistical significance at p
Techniques Used: Permeability
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of R. tomentosa extract on the killing activity of human neutrophils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 RIMD 05091078 ( A ) and E. coli ATCC 25922 ( B ). The bacterial cells were exposed to neutrophils in the absence and presence of R. tomentosa extract (62.5–250 µg/mL). Escherichia coli cells in the presence of the extract (62.5–250 µg/mL) alone were also maintained. Dimethyl sulfoxide (0.5% v / v ) was used as solvent control. The percentage survival of the organisms was determined at 0, 30, 45, and 60 min. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean from two independent experiments. Each measure was performed in triplicate. * Statistical significance at p
Techniques Used: Activity Assay
8) Product Images from "Screening of Indonesian peat soil bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds"
Article Title: Screening of Indonesian peat soil bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds
Journal: Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.033
Figure Legend Snippet: Inhibition effects of cell-free supernatants against gram-negative bacteria. a: 9PS, b: 25PS, c: 26PS, and d: 27PS against non ESBL-producing E. coli ATCC 25922, while e: 9PS, f: 25PS, g: 26PS, and h: 27PS against ESBL-producing E. coli ATCC 35218.
Techniques Used: Inhibition
9) Product Images from "Multiplex PCR for the Identification of Pathogenic Listeria in Flammulina velutipes Plant Based on Novel Specific Targets Revealed by Pan-Genome Analysis"
Article Title: Multiplex PCR for the Identification of Pathogenic Listeria in Flammulina velutipes Plant Based on Novel Specific Targets Revealed by Pan-Genome Analysis
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.634255
Figure Legend Snippet: Anti-interference tests of mPCR detection of pathogenic Listeria with S. Enteritidis CMCC 50335 (lanes 1–5), S. aureus ATCC 25923 (lanes 6–10), and E. coli ATCC 25922 (lanes 11–15) at different mixing proportion. Lane M: DL2000 DNA standard marker; lanes 1–5, 6–10, 11–15: the ratio of target bacteria to interfering bacteria at 1:10 2 , 1:10, 1:1, 10:1, and 10 2 :1; lane 16: positive control.
Techniques Used: Marker, Positive Control
10) Product Images from "High Specific Selectivity and Membrane-Active Mechanism of Synthetic Cationic Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Peptide FV7"
Article Title: High Specific Selectivity and Membrane-Active Mechanism of Synthetic Cationic Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Peptide FV7
Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
doi: 10.3390/ijms18020339
Figure Legend Snippet: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 cells treated with peptides at their 1× MICs at about 1 h. E. coli ATCC 25922: ( A ) Control; ( B ) FV-LL; ( C ) FV-MA; ( D ) FV-CE. S. aureus ATCC 29213; ( E ) Control; ( F ) FV-LL; ( G ) FV-MA; ( H ) FV-CE. The control did not contain the peptides.
Techniques Used: Electron Microscopy
Figure Legend Snippet: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 cells treated with the peptides at their 1× MICs at about 1 h. E. coli ATCC 25922: ( A ) Control; ( B ) FV-LL; ( C ) FV-MA; ( D ) FV-CE. S. aureus ATCC 29213: ( E ) Control; ( F ) FV-LL; ( G ) FV-MA; ( H ) FV-CE. The control did not contain the peptides.
Techniques Used: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy
11) Product Images from "Adaptive Evolution of Escherichia coli to an ?-Peptide/?-Peptoid Peptidomimetic Induces Stable Resistance"
Article Title: Adaptive Evolution of Escherichia coli to an ?-Peptide/?-Peptoid Peptidomimetic Induces Stable Resistance
Journal: PLoS ONE
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073620
Figure Legend Snippet: Cross-resistance between peptidomimetic 1 and 2. Association between Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for peptidomimetic 1 and peptidomimetic 2 against lineage no. 2 (black circles) and lineage no. 5 (white circles). E. coli ATCC 25922 MIC is highlighted with an asterisk (i.e. MIC values of 8 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL for peptidomimetic 1 and 2, respectively). This data point is shared with six of the ten isolates from lineage no. 5. Also, for lineage 2 three isolates (2–7, 2–9 and 2–10) shared the same MIC values (peptidomimetic 1∶256 µg/mL, peptidomimetic 2∶512 µg/mL) as did the two isolates 2–4 and 2–6 (peptidomimetic 1∶96 µg/mL, peptidomimetic 2∶512 µg/mL). All values are based on two biological replicates; the mean value is displayed when results varied.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
12) Product Images from "Destruction of Opportunistic Pathogens via Polymer Nanoparticle-Mediated Release of Plant-Based Antimicrobial Payloads"
Article Title: Destruction of Opportunistic Pathogens via Polymer Nanoparticle-Mediated Release of Plant-Based Antimicrobial Payloads
Journal: Advanced healthcare materials
doi: 10.1002/adhm.201500974
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of TC NPs on the viability of a) B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and b) E. coli ATCC 25922, as monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Representative images of control cultures (top row), and cultures treated with 10 11 TC NPs (middle and bottom row)
Techniques Used: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Figure Legend Snippet: a) TEM of E. coli ATCC 25922 and b) B. subtilis ATCC 6633 control cultures and cultures that were challenged with 10 11 TC NPs for various times. c) High resolution SEM of the control culture of B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and the culture treated for 24 h with
Techniques Used: Transmission Electron Microscopy
Figure Legend Snippet: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity for 10 11 TC NPs mL–1 on the viability of (●) E. coli ATCC 25922, (■) S. aureus RN6390, (▲) B. subtilis ATCC 6633, (▼) E. coli ATCC 43895 (serotype O157:H7), and (◆) B.
Techniques Used: Activity Assay
13) Product Images from "In Vitro Activities of Membrane-Active Peptides against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria"
Article Title: In Vitro Activities of Membrane-Active Peptides against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi:
Figure Legend Snippet: Time-kill kinetics of membrane-active peptides against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (a) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (b). Peptides were tested at a concentration of 32 μg/ml.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
14) Product Images from "Determination of Disk Diffusion and MIC Quality Control Guidelines for GSK2140944, a Novel Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitor Antimicrobial Agent"
Article Title: Determination of Disk Diffusion and MIC Quality Control Guidelines for GSK2140944, a Novel Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitor Antimicrobial Agent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Microbiology
doi: 10.1128/JCM.00656-14
Figure Legend Snippet: CLSI-approved GSK2140944 disk diffusion quality control zone diameter ranges for E. coli ATCC 25922 (A), S. aureus ATCC 25923 (B), and S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (excluding laboratory C) (C).
Techniques Used: Diffusion-based Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: CLSI-approved GSK2140944 MIC quality control ranges for S. aureus ATCC 29213 (A), E. coli ATCC 25922 (B), H. influenzae ATCC 49247 (C), and S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D).
Techniques Used:
15) Product Images from "Effect of Recombinant Murine Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor with or without Fluoroquinolone Therapy on Mixed-Infection Abscesses in Mice"
Article Title: Effect of Recombinant Murine Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor with or without Fluoroquinolone Therapy on Mixed-Infection Abscesses in Mice
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.9.3668-3675.2005
Figure Legend Snippet: Survival of mice inoculated subcutaneously with mixtures comprising B. fragilis (10 7 CFU) and either low-virulence E. coli strain ATCC 25922 (10 5 CFU) or the more virulent strain ATCC 35218 (10 3
Techniques Used: Mouse Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of rmG-CSF prophylaxis (1,000 ng on day −1), with or without moxifloxacin treatment (96 mg/kg/d days 1 to 5) on abscess bacterial counts 6 days after inoculation with combinations comprising B. fragilis and E. coli strain (A) ATCC 25922,
Techniques Used:
16) Product Images from "White-Light-Activated Antibacterial Surfaces Generated by Synergy between Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Crystal Violet"
Article Title: White-Light-Activated Antibacterial Surfaces Generated by Synergy between Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Crystal Violet
Journal: ACS Omega
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01473
Figure Legend Snippet: Number of viable colony counts of E. coli ATCC 25922 on treated PDMS squares after incubation in the dark and in white light for 45 min. The purple asterisk indicates E. coli levels below detection limits.
Techniques Used: Incubation
17) Product Images from "New Role for Human α-Defensin 5 in the Fight against Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Strains"
Article Title: New Role for Human α-Defensin 5 in the Fight against Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Strains
Journal: Infection and Immunity
doi: 10.1128/IAI.02955-14
Figure Legend Snippet: Killing of C. difficile by α-defensins results in a peculiar pattern of damage. (A) Dot blots of C. difficile CD630 (RT012), E. coli ATCC 25922, and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 populations after incubation with 7 μM HD5, HNP1, or control peptide
Techniques Used: Incubation
Figure Legend Snippet: HD5 and HNP1 inhibit C. difficile growth in vitro . (A) C. difficile reference strain CD630 (RT012) and clinical epidemic strains CD369 (RT018) and CD349 (RT027). (B) Comparison with α-defensin activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. faecalis
Techniques Used: In Vitro, Activity Assay
18) Product Images from "Chemogenomic Screen for Imipenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria"
Article Title: Chemogenomic Screen for Imipenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Journal: mSystems
doi: 10.1128/mSystems.00465-19
Figure Legend Snippet: Validation of the role of RpoD in IMP susceptibility. (A) Schematic representation of the RpoD (DR76_1419) domains. The mutation marked in red was used to generate the single knock-in in E. coli ATCC 25922 ( rpoD G1331A :: kan ). Numbers between parentheses indicate the recurrence of the mutation among clones. The G20S and E20K (not shown) substitutions were found in only one mutant of K. pneumoniae and one of P. aeruginosa , respectively. σ70_r, sigma 70_region; ner, nonessential region. (B) Growth curves of rpoD WT :: kan and rpoD G1331A :: kan in LB in the absence or presence of IMP at the indicated concentrations. Data shown represent averages ± standard errors of the means (SEM) of results from three biological replicates done in technical triplicate. (C) Cultures of E. coli ATCC 25922 WT, rpoD WT :: kan , and rpoD G1331A :: kan were serially diluted and spotted on LB agar plates in the absence (-) or presence of imipenem (IMP) at the indicated concentrations. Plates were incubated overnight at 37°C and photographed. Data shown are representative of results from three biological replicates.
Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Knock-In, Clone Assay, Incubation
Figure Legend Snippet: Validation of the roles of WecA and SpoT in IMP susceptibility in E. coli . Cultures of E. coli ATCC 25922 WT; of single knock-ins harboring TolA (M67I), WecA (R40C), SpoT (A138V), or YceG (Q92*) mutations; and of E. coli IMP-resistant mutant M14 were serially diluted and spotted on LB agar plates in the absence (-) or presence of imipenem (IMP) at the indicated concentrations. Plates were incubated overnight at 37°C and photographed.
Techniques Used: Mutagenesis, Incubation
19) Product Images from "Beyond Piperacillin-Tazobactam: Cefepime and AAI101 as a Potent ò-LactamâÂÂò-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination"
Article Title: Beyond Piperacillin-Tazobactam: Cefepime and AAI101 as a Potent ò-LactamâÂÂò-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.00105-19
Figure Legend Snippet: Survival curves for cefepime, cefepime-AAI101, and meropenem against E. coli ATCC 25922. Half-log dose range, 0.01 to 30 mg/kg. (A to C) Survival curves for cefepime (A), cefepime-AAI101 (2:1, wt/wt) (B), and meropenem (C). (D) Cumulative survival curves as a function of drug concentration. **, P
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
20) Product Images from "Induction of antimicrobial peptides secretion by IL-1β enhances human amniotic membrane for regenerative medicine"
Article Title: Induction of antimicrobial peptides secretion by IL-1β enhances human amniotic membrane for regenerative medicine
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17210-7
Figure Legend Snippet: The inhibition zone of mesenchymal side up and epithelial side up amnion in, ( a ) P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 culture, ( b ) E. coli T3 culture (The arrows indicate the inhibition zone), ( c ) E. coli T4 culture (The arrows indicate the inhibition zone), ( d ) No inhibitory effect appeared in; E. coli ATCC 25922 (left) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (right). The experiment was performed in triplicate (n = 5 for each time).
Techniques Used: Inhibition
21) Product Images from "Ionic Silver and Electrical Treatment for Susceptibility and Disinfection of Escherichia coli Biofilm-Contaminated Titanium Surface"
Article Title: Ionic Silver and Electrical Treatment for Susceptibility and Disinfection of Escherichia coli Biofilm-Contaminated Titanium Surface
Journal: Molecules
doi: 10.3390/molecules27010180
Figure Legend Snippet: Logarithmic reduction (LR) of E. coli ATCC 25922 after the ionic silver treatments (ST-Sxx) and the electrical-enhanced silver treatments (EST-Sxx) in comparison to the non-ionic and non-electrical treatment (ST-S0.0). The values are expressed as mean ± SD LR ( n = 3); the symbol * indicates a statistically significant difference compared to ST-S0.0 at p
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Morphology of E. coli ATCC 25922 cells of biofilm-contaminated titanium surface with non-ionic and non-electrical treatment (ST-S0.0) in comparison to those with electrical treatment (EST-S0.0), ionic silver 1.6 µg/mL without electrical treatment (ST-S1.6), and ionic silver 1.6 µg/mL with electrical treatment (EST-S1.6).
Techniques Used:
22) Product Images from "Same-day antimicrobial susceptibility test using acoustic-enhanced flow cytometry visualized with supervised machine learning"
Article Title: Same-day antimicrobial susceptibility test using acoustic-enhanced flow cytometry visualized with supervised machine learning
Journal: Journal of Medical Microbiology
doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001092
Figure Legend Snippet: Visualising antimicrobial susceptibility: Gentamicin-exposed E. coli. Top panel: Data Machine 2 (a) Principal Component Analysis, Scree diagram showing dimensionality of data, (b) tree classification with reference to the AUP (Blue). right) tree classification with reference to the AUP (Blue). Middle panel: (c) scatter map and (d) polynomial classification both with toggle on/off for specific concentrations to enable detection of concentration-dependent effect. Bottom panel, falling bacterial population density in AUP zone. (e) Data Machine 2. Density histogram of antimicrobial-unexposed population (AUP, blue), and lowest (red) and highest (green) Gentamicin-concentration-exposed E. coli ATCC 25922. The loss of events between low and high Gentamicin concentration indicates a likely concentration-dependent effect within the tested range of concentrations. (f) Data Machine 3. The corresponding frequency distribution histogram featuring all tested concentrations and shows progressive loss of event density in the AUP zone. Predicted inhibitory concentration (PIC) = 2 µg ml −1 .
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
23) Product Images from "Single Amino Acid Substitutions at Specific Positions of the Heptad Repeat Sequence of Piscidin-1 Yielded Novel Analogs That Show Low Cytotoxicity and In Vitro and In Vivo Antiendotoxin Activity"
Article Title: Single Amino Acid Substitutions at Specific Positions of the Heptad Repeat Sequence of Piscidin-1 Yielded Novel Analogs That Show Low Cytotoxicity and In Vitro and In Vivo Antiendotoxin Activity
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.02341-15
Figure Legend Snippet: Confocal microscopy for studying the localization of NBD-labeled peptides on bacteria and hRBCs. (A) Localization of NBD-labeled piscidin-1 and its analogs (∼5.0 μM) on E. coli ATCC 25922 cells; (B) localization of NBD-labeled piscidin-1
Techniques Used: Confocal Microscopy, Labeling
24) Product Images from "In vitro assessment of Enterococcus faecalis MTC 1032 as the potential probiotic in food supplements"
Article Title: In vitro assessment of Enterococcus faecalis MTC 1032 as the potential probiotic in food supplements
Journal: Journal of Food Science and Technology
doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3155-5
Figure Legend Snippet: a Competition assay: effective adhesion of the E. faecalis MTC 1032 on Caco-2 cells comparing with L. plantarium ATCC 14917. In bar graph, the number of survival bacterial cells on adhesion-inhibition cells of E. faecalis MTC 1032 on E. coli ATCC 25922
Techniques Used: Competitive Binding Assay, Inhibition
25) Product Images from "Broad-Spectrum Activity against Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens and Activation of Mammary Epithelial Cells Support a Protective Role of Neutrophil Cathelicidins in Bovine Mastitis ▿"
Article Title: Broad-Spectrum Activity against Bacterial Mastitis Pathogens and Activation of Mammary Epithelial Cells Support a Protective Role of Neutrophil Cathelicidins in Bovine Mastitis ▿
Journal: Infection and Immunity
doi: 10.1128/IAI.01090-09
Figure Legend Snippet: Killing of E. coli ATCC 25922 in milk collected from cases of clinical mastitis. Bacteria (4 × 10 4 to 7 × 10 4 CFU/ml) were incubated in mastitic milk samples (a to f) at 37°C for 60 min in the absence and presence of BMAP-27, BMAP-28,
Techniques Used: Incubation
26) Product Images from "The Novel CarbaLux Test for Carbapenemases and Carbapenem Deactivating AmpC Beta-Lactamases"
Article Title: The Novel CarbaLux Test for Carbapenemases and Carbapenem Deactivating AmpC Beta-Lactamases
Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588887
Figure Legend Snippet: Results from carbapenem inactivation method CIM with meropenem. Tested isolates were (in clockwise sequence): E. coli ATCC 25922 (top), E. coli OXA-48 (No. 16), E. kobeii AmpC (No. 79), and K. aerogenes AmpC (Nos. 60, 61, 62). The MEM disks were kept in an aqueous bacterial suspension for 6 h at 35°C. Indicator strain was E. coli ATCC 25922.
Techniques Used: Sequencing
Figure Legend Snippet: Results from carbapenem inactivation method CIM with imipenem. Tested isolates were (in clockwise sequence): E. coli ATCC 25922 (top), E. coli OXA-48 (No. 16), E. kobeii AmpC (No. 79), K. aerogenes AmpC (Nos. 60, 61, 62). A positive test arises when the antibiotic is hydrolyzed (inhibition diameter 6 mm) after exposure for 2 h at 35°C. Indicator strain was E. coli ATCC 25922.
Techniques Used: Sequencing, Inhibition
Figure Legend Snippet: Results from CNPt-direct after exposure for 2 hr at 36°C. Matched pairs of isolate without and with IPM were in upper row (A,B) E. coli ATCC 25922, (C,D) E. coli OXA-48 (No. 16), (E,F) E. kobeii AmpC (No. 79); in lower row (A,B) K. aerogenes AmpC (No. 60), (C,D) K. aerogenes AmpC (No. 61), (E,F) K. aerogenes AmpC (No. 62). With a positive test the matched pair appears red/light-orange, red/dark-yellow, or red/light-yellow.
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Example of carbapenemase assessment under UV light. (A) E. coli ATCC 25922; (B) and (C) P. mirabilis OXA-48 Nos. 29bl and 29ca; (D) E. coli NDM No. 21bl; (E) K. pneumoniae KPC; No. 11bl; (F) A. baumanii OXA-40 No. 25bl; (G) E. ludwigii hyper-producing AmpC No. 83bl.
Techniques Used:
27) Product Images from "Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Colistin-Susceptible and Colistin-Resistant Isolates Identify Two-Component System EvgS/EvgA Associated with Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli"
Article Title: Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Colistin-Susceptible and Colistin-Resistant Isolates Identify Two-Component System EvgS/EvgA Associated with Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli
Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S316963
Figure Legend Snippet: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between the two groups. (A): Pathway enrichment genes for sample A ( E. coli ATCC 25922) and sample B ( E. coli ATCC 25922-R). (B): Pathway enrichment genes for sample C ( E. coli ATCC 25922-R grown with 2 mg/L colistin) and sample B ( E. coli ATCC 25922-R).
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Flow chart of colistin resistant strain induction assay. Colistin concentration was started at one-half MIC of E. coli ATCC 25922, doubling every 24 hours until bacterial growth was completely inhibited. Cultures were plated on MH agar plates and the resistant colony was named E. coli ATCC 25922-R.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Heat map of hierarchical clustering in differentially expressed genes in the groups. (A): E coli ATCC 25922 (sample A) and E. coli ATCC 25922-R (sample B); (B): E coli ATCC 25922-R (sample B) and E. coli ATCC 25922-R grown with 2 mg/L colistin (sample C). Blue represents down-regulated expression and red represents up-regulated expression, respectively, relative to that of the reference culture.
Techniques Used: Expressing
Figure Legend Snippet: Difference in gene expression profile between the two groups. Sample A E. coli ATCC 25922. Sample B E. coli ATCC 25922-R. Sample C E. coli ATCC 25922-R grown with 2 mg/L colistin. The red and blue bars represent up- and down-regulated genes. Number labels represent the number of genes in each group.
Techniques Used: Expressing
Figure Legend Snippet: Point mutations in pmrB and relA of E. coli ATCC 25922-R (A) and gene expressions in E. coli ATCC 25922-R by quantitative RT-PCR (B) . Relative expressions of genes were determined using 2 −ΔΔCt method. Error bars represent the standard deviations of three biological repeats.
Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR
Figure Legend Snippet: Gene expressions of TCS EvgS/EvgA in E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli ATCC 25922-R in comparison with their counterparts by quantitative RT-qPCR. Relative expressions of genes were determined using 2 −ΔΔCt method. Error bars represent the standard deviations of three biological repeats.
Techniques Used: Quantitative RT-PCR
28) Product Images from "Synthesis, biological activities and docking studies of pleuromutilin derivatives with piperazinyl urea linkage"
Article Title: Synthesis, biological activities and docking studies of pleuromutilin derivatives with piperazinyl urea linkage
Journal: Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
doi: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1900163
Figure Legend Snippet: Time-kill kinetics of compound 6p against MRSA ATCC 33591( a ) and E. coli ATCC 25922 ( b ).
Techniques Used:
29) Product Images from "Structure-Activity Relationships of Potentiators of the Antibiotic Activity of Clarithromycin against Escherichia coli"
Article Title: Structure-Activity Relationships of Potentiators of the Antibiotic Activity of Clarithromycin against Escherichia coli
Journal: European journal of medicinal chemistry
doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.075
Figure Legend Snippet: Membrane permeabilization assays of 16 in E. coli ATCC 25922. Polymyxin B was included as a comparator membrane-targeting agent. Both 16 and polymyxin B were used at concentrations ranging from 1/32X to 1/2X the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), with the MIC values of 16 and polymyxin B being 100 and 1.56 μg/ml, respectively. The compound vehicle was DMSO. (A,B) Impact of E. coli treatment with 16 (A) or polymyxin B (B) on the intensity of the fluorophore N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) at a concentration of 10 μM. (C,D) Impact of treatment with 16 (C) or polymyxin B (D) on the percentage of E. coli cells stained with the fluorophore propidium iodide (PI) at a concentration of 50 μM.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Staining
30) Product Images from "Chlorinated emodin as a natural antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria through dual influence on bacterial cell membranes and DNA"
Article Title: Chlorinated emodin as a natural antibacterial agent against drug-resistant bacteria through dual influence on bacterial cell membranes and DNA
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12905-3
Figure Legend Snippet: The growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with gradual concentrations of CE in the presence of PMBN. The growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 was represented by the difference in the OD i and OD u values, where OD i and OD u are the optical density of inoculated medium and the corresponding uninoculated well. Plots show means of triplicates with SD.
Techniques Used:
31) Product Images from "Antibacterial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) essential oil against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria"
Article Title: Antibacterial activity of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) essential oil against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria
Journal: Veterinary World
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2206-2211
Figure Legend Snippet: Morphological changes on each tested bacteria cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The untreated each tested bacteria showed normal cell shaped, while each tested bacteria treated with clove and cinnamon oil showed shrinkage and lysis cell. a: Escherichia coli ESBL from chicken meat untreated, b: E. coli ESBL from chicken meat treated with clove, c: E. coli ESBL from chicken meat treated with cinnamon, d: E. coli ATCC 25922 untreated, e: E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with clove, f: E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with cinnamon, g: Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 untreated, h: K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 treated with clove, i: K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 treated with cinnamon.
Techniques Used: Electron Microscopy, Lysis
32) Product Images from "Bacterial Extracellular DNA Promotes β-Amyloid Aggregation"
Article Title: Bacterial Extracellular DNA Promotes β-Amyloid Aggregation
Journal: Microorganisms
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9061301
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of eDNA and RNA of different Escherichia coli strains on amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. To study the effect of DNA on Aβ aggregation, Aβ1-42 oligomers were incubated with preparations containing 1000 ng of nucleic acids extracted from different strains of E. coli . eDNA of E. coli ATCC29522 (EC25), E. coli ATCC472217 (EC47), E. coli G39 (ECG39), E. coli dPHF (ECdPHF), and E. coli MUP6 (ECMup6), RNA of E. coli ATCC29522 (EC25_RNA), and eDNA of E. coli ATCC29522 treated with DNase (EC25+DNase) were used. ( A ). ThT fluorescence as a function of time in the presence of indicated DNA and RNA probes (h); ( B ) t1/2 values of aggregation. Values represent the mean ± SD of experiments performed in triplicate. *** p ≤ 0.001, ** p ≤ 0.01 * p ≤ 0.05. ( C ) Bioanalyzer gel image for eDNA extracted from different strains of E. coli .
Techniques Used: Incubation, Fluorescence
Figure Legend Snippet: Dose-dependent effect of eDNA on amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. Dose-dependent effect of DNA from Escherichia coli ATCC29522 and Porphyromonas gingivalis on Aβ aggregation. Effect of the eDNA of E. coli ATCC29522 on ( A ) the aggregation of ThT fluorescence as a function of time, ( B ) normalized ThT fluorescence (relative aggregate concentration) as a function of time (h), and ( C ) t1/2 values of the aggregation. Effect of the eDNA of P. gingivalis on ( D ) the aggregation of ThT fluorescence as a function of time, ( E ) normalized ThT fluorescence (relative aggregate concentration) as a function of time (h), and ( F ) t1/2 values of aggregation. For the images ( A , C , D , F ) symbols represent averages and error bars represent the standard deviation of experiments performed in triplicate. * p ≤ 0.05; For the images ( B , E ) all replicates from three experiments are shown in the plot.
Techniques Used: Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation
33) Product Images from "Frequency distribution of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from Iranian hospital"
Article Title: Frequency distribution of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from Iranian hospital
Journal: BMC Research Notes
doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-842
![Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA fragments by PCR from reference strains and clinical isolates of E. coli . Lanes: M, 100 bp Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler; Fermentas); 3, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 1, E. coli 85085 [(ant(2″)-Ia+)] both were used as positive controls; 4–7, clinical isolates of E. coli.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC4258249/13104_2014_3374_Fig3_HTML.jpg "... Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler; Fermentas); 3, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 1, E. coli 85085 ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA fragments by PCR from reference strains and clinical isolates of E. coli . Lanes: M, 100 bp Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler; Fermentas); 3, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 1, E. coli 85085 [(ant(2″)-Ia+)] both were used as positive controls; 4–7, clinical isolates of E. coli.
Techniques Used: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Negative Control, IA
![Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA fragments by PCR from reference strains and clinical isolates of E. coli . Lanes: 2, 100 bp Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler_; Fermentas); 1, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 3, 23823 [aac(3)-IIa+] both were used as positive controls; 4–8, clinical isolates of E. coli.](https://storage.googleapis.com/bioz_article_images/PMC4258249/13104_2014_3374_Fig2_HTML.jpg "... Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler_; Fermentas); 1, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 3, 23823 [aac(3)-IIa+] both ...")
Figure Legend Snippet: Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplified DNA fragments by PCR from reference strains and clinical isolates of E. coli . Lanes: 2, 100 bp Plus DNA ladder (GeneRuler_; Fermentas); 1, E. coli ATCC 25922 as negative control; 3, 23823 [aac(3)-IIa+] both were used as positive controls; 4–8, clinical isolates of E. coli.
Techniques Used: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Amplification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Negative Control
34) Product Images from "Physicochemical-guided design of cathelicidin-derived peptides generates membrane active variants with therapeutic potential"
Article Title: Physicochemical-guided design of cathelicidin-derived peptides generates membrane active variants with therapeutic potential
Journal: Scientific Reports
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66164-w
Figure Legend Snippet: Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) high-resolution images of E. coli ATCC 25922 in the presence of BotrAMP14 (8.1 μM) and CrotAMP14 (2.2 μM) peptides after 0 min ( A,B ), 5 min ( C,D ), 30 min ( E,F ) and 60 min ( G,H ) of incubations. Arrows indicate cell damage. Panels A, C, E, and G represent the treatments with BotrAMP14. Panels B, D, F, and H represent the treatments with CrotAMP14 peptide.
Techniques Used: Microscopy
35) Product Images from "In vivo evaluation of mutant selection window of cefquinome against Escherichia coli in piglet tissue-cage model"
Article Title: In vivo evaluation of mutant selection window of cefquinome against Escherichia coli in piglet tissue-cage model
Journal: BMC Veterinary Research
doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0297-1
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of cefquinome dose on bacterial inhibition in the tissue-cage model. Tissue-cage implantation and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 infection were done as described in Materials and Methods. Three days after infection, various doses (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.0 mg/kg of body weight, each piglet has tissue-cages) of cefquinome were administered intramuscular once daily for 5 days (indicated by the arrow). Bacterial colony-forming units in tissue-cage fluid was monitored at 24 h intervals beginning 1 day before the initiation of cefquinome in treatment and ending 2 days after the termination of cefquinome treatment.
Techniques Used: Inhibition, Infection
Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of actual cefquinome concentration on loss of susceptibility and mutant enrichment. Tissue-cage implantation and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 infection were done as described in Meterials and Methods. Piglets having above 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL E.coli in tissue-cage fluid 2 days after infection were treated with various intramuscular doses of cefquinome once daily and twice daily for 5 times beginning 3 days after infection. The dosage, administration at hour or day 0 of the x-axis, protocol for each panel was as follows: A1 , 4 received 0.1 mg/kg; A2 , 3 received 1.0 mg/kg; A3 , 4 received 0.2 mg/kg and 2 received 0.4 mg/kg; A4 , 4 received 0.8 mg/kg and 1 received 1.0 mg/kg; A5 , 3 received 0.4 mg/kg; A6 , 2 received 0.2 mg/kg and 3 received 0.4 mg/kg; A7 , 1 received 0.2 mg/kg and 4 received 0.4 mg/kg; A8 , 3 received 0.2 mg/kg. Cefquinome concentration in tissue-cage fluid was monitored at the indicated times after the administration of each dose (panels A1-A8) . The boundaries of the mutant selection window (the MIC 99 and MPC) were determined with the E.coli inoculum by agar plate assays. Tissue-cage fluid was sampled for bacteria at 24 h and 12 h intervals for 7 times starting immediately before the administration of the first dose of cefquinome. Loss of susceptibility (panels B1-B8) was monitored as an increase in MIC averaged for all piglets in the group. The fraction of resistant mutants (panels C1-C8) in each group of piglets was determined daily as the number of colonies grown on cefquinome-containing agar (MIC) relative to the number that grew on drug-free agar.
Techniques Used: Concentration Assay, Mutagenesis, Infection, Selection
36) Product Images from "Toward Decentralizing Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing via Ready-to-Use Microwell Array and Resazurin-Aided Colorimetric Readout"
Article Title: Toward Decentralizing Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing via Ready-to-Use Microwell Array and Resazurin-Aided Colorimetric Readout
Journal: Analytical chemistry
doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04095
Figure Legend Snippet: AST performance of marcAST. (A) When testing E. coli ATCC 25922 against ciprofloxacin (CIP) titrations in duplicate via marcAST (left), samples with ≤0.008 μ g/mL CIP become pink due to E. coli growth, whereas samples with ≥0.015 μ g/mL CIP remain blue. The MIC measured by marcAST, at 0.015 μ g/mL (red arrow), matches that in the CLSI guidelines. Quantitative readouts based on a red-to-blue (R/B) ratio from the colorimetric readout can also be acquired (right), where the MIC corresponds to less than 0.75 in the R/B ratio. (B) When testing the multidrug resistant E. coli via marcAST, all samples become pink (left) and register greater than 0.75 R/B ratios (right), which corroborate with CIP resistance.
Techniques Used: AST Assay
37) Product Images from "Pse-T2, an Antimicrobial Peptide with High-Level, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potency and Skin Biocompatibility against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection"
Article Title: Pse-T2, an Antimicrobial Peptide with High-Level, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potency and Skin Biocompatibility against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.01493-18
Figure Legend Snippet: Bactericidal mechanism of pseudin-2 and its truncated peptides. (A to C) SYTOX green uptake into E. coli ATCC 25922 cells treated with the indicated peptides at 4× MIC (A), 2× MIC (B), and 1× MIC (C). Fluorescence was measured at the indicated times (excitation wavelength at 485 nm and emission wavelength at 520 nm). Symbols are the means ± standard deviations. ***, P
Techniques Used: Fluorescence
Figure Legend Snippet: Membrane permeabilization detected as an increase in PI fluorescence in E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 cells treated with peptides for 1 h. The control was done without peptides.
Techniques Used: Fluorescence
Figure Legend Snippet: Scanning electron micrographs of E. coli ATCC 25922 (A) and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (B) treated with the indicated peptides at 1× MIC for 30 min. The control was performed without peptides.
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of pseudin-2 and its truncated analogs on bacterial membrane permeability. (A) Outer membrane permeability. Shown is membrane uptake of NPN by E. coli ATCC 25922 in the presence of the indicated concentrations of peptide. *, P
Techniques Used: Permeability
38) Product Images from "4-Amino-2-Sulfanylbenzoic Acid as a Potent Subclass B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Specific Inhibitor Applicable for Distinguishing Metallo-β-Lactamase Subclasses"
Article Title: 4-Amino-2-Sulfanylbenzoic Acid as a Potent Subclass B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase-Specific Inhibitor Applicable for Distinguishing Metallo-β-Lactamase Subclasses
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.01197-19
Figure Legend Snippet: (A) Mouse survival curves representing the toxicity of ASB (50 to 400 mg/kg). We used 10 mice for each group. (B) Mouse survival curves representing the therapeutic effects of MEM (2.5 mg/kg) or ASB (100 mg/kg) used alone or in combination. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with SMB-1-producing E. coli ( E. coli ATCC 25922 carrying pCL-SMB-1) (10 7 CFU). We used 10 mice for each group. The groups were analyzed using a Mantel-Cox test.
Techniques Used: Mouse Assay, Injection
39) Product Images from "In Vitro Evaluation of a New Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria"
Article Title: In Vitro Evaluation of a New Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria
Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
doi: 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3713-3718.2003
Figure Legend Snippet: Growth curves (monitored by spectrophotometry) of E. coli ATCC 25922 in urine at pH 5.0 (A) and pH 5.5 (B) with different amounts of sodium nitrite (20 to 160 μM) and a fixed concentration of 10 mM ascorbic acid (AA). Data are means ± standard deviations ( n = 4).
Techniques Used: Spectrophotometry, Concentration Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 determined by monitoring viable counts in urine. The bacteria were first grown at pH 7 with different amounts of sodium nitrate (1 to 10 mM NaNO 3 ). After 20 h, the culture containing nitrite and bacteria was transferred (and thereby diluted 1/10) to slightly acidic urine (pH 5.5) containing ascorbic acid (10 mM), and bacterial growth was again monitored. Data are means ± standard deviations ( n = 6).
Techniques Used:
Figure Legend Snippet: Nitrite accumulation in urine after incubation of bacteria for 20 h with the addition of different amounts of sodium nitrate (1, 3, 10 mM). Basal urine contained 0.66 mM nitrate. The strains were E. coli ATCC 25922 (control) and an E. coli RK 4353 mutant lacking nitrate reductases (mutant). Data are means ± standard deviations ( n = 6).
Techniques Used: Incubation, Mutagenesis
Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of sodium nitrite (0 to 1,280 μM) on the growth of E. coli ATCC 25922 in urine at pH 5.0 (A) and pH 5.5 (B). Growth was monitored by spectrophotometry. Data are means ± standard deviations ( n = 4).
Techniques Used: Spectrophotometry
